مقالات رزومه دکتر محمدباقر علیزاده اقدم

The right to the city is a significant and contemplative notion within the realm of contemporary theories of citizenship rights. Its development persisted beyond Lefebvre’s 1968 proposal, manifesting itself in the theoretical contributions of Harvey, Purcell, and others. This study investigated the validity of the questionnaire-based right-to-the-city measurement instrument, as described in the aforementioned passage.The research employs a survey methodology with the objective of creating instruments. The statistical population for the research comprises citizens aged 20 years and older residing in the city of Maku. A cluster sampling technique was employed to select 115 residents of this city as the statistical sample. The data was gathered via questionnaire and analyzed utilizing the software programs SPSS and LISREL. In addition to Cronbach’s alpha statistics, composite reliability (CR), and confirmatory factor analysis were employed to validate the measurement models of the right to city factors.The examination of the eight components comprising the right to the city yielded the following conclusions social inclusion, social justice, urban participation, the right to urban health, belonging to the city, diversity, and urban vitality were validated, as indicated by their combined reliability exceeding 0.6, factor loadings surpassing 0.3, and t coefficients surpassing 1.96. However, the validity of the right to be distinct factor was not established, as the t-coefficient values of the remaining items in the factor’s measurement model were all below 1.96.The scale described, along with its components, possesses the capability to elucidate the framework of the right to the city. Moreover, this instrument can be employed to quantify the right to the city

Social responsibility is one of the most important social characteristics that becomes more important when natural and human hazards occur. The current research aims to examine the relationship between the feeling of insecurity and social responsibility after the COVID-19 pandemic in Tabriz, Iran. 

This is a quantitative survey study. Participants were 384 residents of Tabriz city aged 18-70 years who were selected using multi-stage cluster method. Data were collected using questionnaires.

There was a significant and inverse relationship between the feeling of insecurity and social responsibility. People’s social responsibility was significantly different based on gender, educational level, and occupation, but there was no significant difference based on age.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a role in reducing the social responsibility of people in Iran by creating a sense of insecurity in social interactions.

The present study aimed to explore the concept of social trauma and its implications for habit formation from a sociological perspective with a particular emphasis on Bourdieu’s theories of field, habitus, and Hysteresis. Bourdieu, a prominent sociologist, has provided experimental explanations of various social fields and their deconstructions, which can be understood as traumatic situations from a sociological standpoint. According to Bourdieu, in conditions of individual and social stability, change occurs gradually and predictably, likening each person to a "fish in water." This suggests that habit and field are in harmony with each other, forming what Bourdieu termed habitus. The habitus, or embodied dispositions, is in a constant state of flux in response to new experiences. However, in critical moments or when the structure of the field undergoes significant changes, the habitus may struggle to adapt to these fundamental and sometimes catastrophic shifts, leading to a state of disorganization. This disorganization reflects the disparity between the new situations arising from changes in the field and the agents within the field, who must comprehend and navigate the new landscape. This process of disintegration as described by Bourdieu is closely related to the concept of social trauma. The term "trauma," derived from the Greek word "traumat," meaning to wound, is often used interchangeably with post-traumatic stress disorder. In essence, the new situations that emerge within the field can become traumatic, leaving a profound gap in both the field and habitus.‎

This study employed a qualitative approach grounded in theory. Data collection and analysis were conducted by using purposeful sampling and the technique of semi-structured interview with the citizens of Tabriz in the year of 1402. The targeted sampling method utilized in this research aimed at achieving maximum diversity with the inclusion criteria encompassing a range of factors, such as gender, age, residential area (prosperous, marginal, middle-class), marital status, education, occupation, and income.

The findings revealed that the field of social trauma exhibited an inescapable hysteresis of economic capital, devaluation of cultural capital, and a crisis in social capital. These factors contributed to the formation of habitus characterized by hopelessness, fear of the future, inner turmoil, and a sense of inadequacy. These elements in a dialectical interplay exacerbated the distortions within the field and habituation, rendering the situation more complex and precarious.Ultimately, the research findings indicated that the activists were situated within a field of social trauma and disintegration marked by fundamental crises in the realms of economy, culture, and society. Accessing economic resources had become nearly unattainable, while cultural capital had lost its influential role in enhancing individuals' status. Consequently, people had become isolated, their social connections had dwindled, and the activists had experienced alienation. This had resulted in a loss of social trust and diminished social participation. Therefore, life in this traumatic field, contrary to Bourdieu's perspective, which posits disturbances as temporary (though historically accurate), had engendered enduring traumatic habits, such as despair, a sense of helplessness, and emotional distress. The dialectical relationship between the traumatic field and traumatic habits had contributed to the deterioration of the social trauma field and, in accordance with Foucault's views, had led to the erosion of humanity and the human experience.

Developed countries transformed the city and urbanism into a dynamic and balanced phenomenon with the advent of the global urbanization process, taking into account the quality of life for their citizens. However, developing countries struggled with inadequate and flawed infrastructure and inefficiency. Due to their structural and institutional abnormalities, urbanization and urbanism have generated a multitude of urban issues and damages. This anomaly and the exponential expansion of the problems have created a traumatic environment in the urban areas of these societies.To attain the objective of comprehending how residents perceive and envision the traumatized urban environment, the present study employed a qualitative approach of the grounded theory variety. Thirty residents of the city of Tabriz participated in semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling in 2023 to provide the data, which were subsequently analyzed using the coding method.The primary classifications derived along the axis of the central category (traumatized city) were as follows: an unattractive city engulfed in malignant nodules, hazardous and distressing environments, an abundance and development of various types of injuries, management that neglected human-centered initiatives, and crises. Environmental, auditory, and visual pollution.The prevailing state of disrepairs within the metropolis induces a pervasive atmosphere of anxiety and psychological distress. Living in this traumatized city induces feelings of apprehension, hopelessness, anguish, and aimlessness. This circumstance increases the urgency for urban planners and officials to address this critical matter and implement fundamental strategies to rectify the situation in an effort to transform the urban environment into a more desirable place to live for the populace.

Today, hope is considered as the most fundamental idea of youth in the field of social development. On the other hand, the three forms of capital can be considered the most important factor in strengthening hope for the future of youth. In the present study, the study of hope for the future has been considered in relationship with capital factors including social, capital and economic capital has been investigated. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and survey in terms of data collection. Statistical population is young people aged 15 to 29 years in East Azerbaijan province, 613 of whom have been selected using Cochran's formula and multi-stage cluster sampling at 2018. To collect the data, were used Snyder standard hope questionnaire. Findings show that the average percentage of hope for the future of the studied youth is 62.23%, which shows that the hope for the future has a moderate to high status among young people. The results of testing the hypotheses show that marital status and age were not related to hope for the future of young people, but the average hope for the future was significantly different by city of residence and employment status. Also, hope for the future has a positive and significant relationship with social and cultural capital, but it does not have a significant relationship with economic capital. The results of regression analysis show that the three forms of capital explain about 26% of the variance of the hope for the future.

The present article aims to study the social contexts of the influence of Persian poetry and language on Turkish language and poetry by using Bourdieu's linguistic market theory, and to examine the literary and cultural influence of Turkish language on Persian during the constitutional revolution. Bourdieu considers language as a commodity which is traded based on the market logics. When a language dominates the market, it becomes the norm by which the price of other discourses is determined and the groups that make such a language their own language, legitimately dominate the means of understanding. The linguistic market places the speech of some people and groups at the top and limits and even rejects the speech of others. Persian language was dominant in the poetry and literature field and market for centuries, and was popular in the court, and circles of Sufism, and mysticism. Classical Turkish poetry was also developed under the influence of Persian Prosodic poetry and found its way into the field of court, Sufism, and mysticism. Through Persian Prosodic poetry, many words entered Turkish classical poetry, and then some of these words entered the language of the people. However, Persian language and poetry did not have much influence on the Turkish oral literature. From the early 20th century, social issues and colloquial language entered Turkish literary poetry, and the form and content of the poems became simple, Persian literature was also affected by this method, and as a result, the flow of literary and cultural influences reversed.

A society will be dynamic and vitality when its citizens have good social health. According to the importance and influence of this type of health among people in the society, in this research, the explanation of social health through the sense of perceived equality and the mediating role of mistrust among the citizens of Tehran in 1401 has been considered.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and correlational-survey in terms of data collection method. The data collected by standard and researcher-made questionnaires among 384 citizens of the 2nd, 10th and 16th districts of Tehran by combining four types of sampling methods; That is, simple random sampling method (based on the lottery method), cluster, multi-stage and stratified sampling, that data were collected according to the sample size. It should be noted that the validity of the questionnaires was checked by supervisor and advisor and the reliability of the questionnaires was checked with Cronbach's alpha test and the obtained coefficients (above 0.7) indicated the reliability of the tools.

Ethical Considerations: 

The respondents who participated in this research answered the questionnaires with the knowledge of conducting of the research and its goals.

According to the beta coefficients in the univariate regression test, it was found that a change of one standard deviation in perceived equality caused 0.554 standard deviation in the social health and -0.231 standard deviation in the mistrust and finally a change of one standard deviation in mistrust causes -0.405 standard deviation in the social health score. Also, in the path analysis, it was found that the total effect (direct and indirect effect) of perceived equality variable on social health is 0.647.

According to that social health has wide effects in the society and its absence causes huge problems and challenges, therefore, the implementation of perceived equality and on the other hand restoring trust among the people of the society should be prioritized.

Sexual health is one of the critical but less considered aspects of general health, especially for women living in developing countries. At the same time, sexual and reproductive health is regarded as human and social right in recent era. Sexual health experiences include those beliefs, attitudes, and behavior which are generally learned and social in their nature. Present study aimed to scrutinize underlying factors of sexual health among married women by the use of qualitative method and Grounded Theory Approach. To this end, semi-structured interviews were carried out with 26 married women aged 20-50 in Tabriz City, taking principles of maximum diversity and theoretical sampling. The collected data were analyzed with three-phase; open, axial, and selective coding scheme. Beside of introducing sexual health as a social problem, results showed that, sexual health could be understood under the core category of Torus, i.e., constraint. Main axial extracted codes were; awareness/socialization, institutional health dysfunction, gendered sexual attitude, health formalism, culture of silence, tradition/fatalism, lack of social support, biological/psychological, and economic Toruses. These constraints in various aspects, could impede married women from access to needed sexual health knowledge and practice. Absence of sexual health can brought about many threats at personal, familial, and societal levels.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of science and technology parks on entrepreneu rship of Tabriz University students with emphasis on the role of startups.Thi s study is descriptive in nature a nd describes society and in terms of purpose is a type of a pplied studies and in terms of d ata collection is S urvey studies.A questionnaire was used .The statistical population of the study is all students of Tabriz univ ersity in the academic year 1399-1400 . The stati stical sample was determined based on Morgan table usin g the relative stratified sampling method of 385 people.The tools used in this study to collect data were the H oggs and Morgan.Entrepreneurship Questionnai re. In order to analyze the data Kolmogorov-Smirnov test methods and pearson correlation and T-two independent samp les and ANOVA are used .The results sho wed that between th e development of science an d technology parks and the development of start-ups with entr epreneurship of Tabriz uni versity students There is a po sitive and significant relationship.That is with t he increase of science and technology parks and startups students entrepre neurship will also increase.Als o the rate of entreprene urship among Tabriz Universi ty students was different based on gender and field of study.That is the rate of entrepreneurship of boys was higher than that of girls.Also the rate of entrepreneur ship in the fields of computer science and IT and the fields of mechanics physics chemistry electricity and electronics was higher than other fields.

University study leads to many individual and social problems for students due to its special circumstances, such as distance from family, large number and high load of courses, and intense competition among students. One of the most important factors related to the low motivation and academic performance of university students is the academic burnout of students, which has negative consequences such as low development, depression, and mental health problems. Student burnout can lead to a feeling of fatigue in completing tasks and a pessimistic attitude toward education.

The aim of this study was to investigate the social factors underlying academic burnout among students in Tabriz University. The research method is survey and the statistical population includes all students of Tabriz Universitywhich were 20997 individuals. The sample size includes 275 students who were selected using proportional sampling method. SPSS 25 software and one-way statistical analysis of variance tests including t-test, Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression test were used to analyze the data.

The theoretical background of the study and the variables derived from it suggest that the use of mass media has a direct influence on academic burnout and that educational equity and the quality of academic life have an inverse influence on students’ academic burnout. Also, the results of comparing the mean difference between students’ burnout in terms of gender and employment status show that the rate of women and men and students’ burnout are different from each other and statistically significant in terms of different employment status. The results of the regression analysis also show that the variables of educational equity, quality of academic life, and media use can explain a total of 47% of the changes in the dependent variable of academic burnout.Results and

Based on the research findings, it can be said that various factors can be effective in students’ academic burnout, and in general, the variables and social factors prevalent in the university environment have a direct impact on the prevalence of burnout among students. If the quality of the university environment and educational relationships among students are improved, students’ academic performance is likely to improve.

Reproductive behavior indicates a person's intellectual background, decision-making, and ultimately performance in having a child. Social researchers consider the changes in the family as the inevitable result of structural changes in society, especially ideological changes. In this study, fertility behavior in relation to the variables of religiosity, media consumption and education level has been studied by survey method. The statistical population of the present study was married women aged 15-49 years old in Tabriz, which according to the 2016 census, their number is about 338220 people. The sample size was estimated to be 498 people using Cochran's formula and the sampling method was multi-stage cluster. In order to collect data, standard and researcher-made questionnaires were used. The descriptive findings of the study showed that 12.9% of the women were childless and 75.5% of women had one or two children. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between religiosity and women's fertility behavior and with increasing the level of women's religiosity, their fertility and childbearing behavior improved. While there was a significant inverse relationship between women's media consumption and their reproductive behavior. Also, the fertility rate of women was significantly different based on the level of education of women and their husbands.

Today, compared to the past, more people are being survived despite diagnosed with cancer. Cancer survivors are considered an important community for being studied. Based on the survivors’ lived experiences, cancer surviving can be defined as a life after cancer, which is a phenomenon beyond physical survival. The survivor’s type of existence and life is a major turning point for the disease. Thus, cancer survival has important socio-cognitive aspects. However, in the previous studies conducted on cancer, social explanations have been very limited compared to micro- and psychological explanations. The aim of this study was to understand the cognitive model of cancer survivors in Urmia City, which is one of the high-risk provinces in terms of cancer prevalence. In this regard, this article addressed two basic questions as follows: (1) Is the transition from cancer disease to its recovery and survival associated with cognitive changes? (2) What cognitive experiences and lessons are learned about the phenomenon of cancer survival and what themes explain this phenomenon?
  

Materials & Methods :   

Considering the purpose and questions of the present study, which was to explore the meaning and nature of survival experience, an interpretive phenomenological method was used. In this study, the main data collection tool was an in-depth semi-structured interview. The interviews were conducted at medical centers (Omid Hospital and alternative treatment centers, including Homeopathy Center). The interviews were recorded and immediately transcribed verbatim. The collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. The inclusion criteria were having an experience of a total or partial recovery from cancer, having completed at least 5 years of recovery, and being over 20 years old. Totally, 19 survivors (9 male and 10 females) were studied. After the interviews, the data were saturated. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used to ensure the accuracy and robustness of the research.

A society needs models to explain not only the diseases, but also the transition from them to recovery. To answer the first question of what the cognitive pattern is before experiencing the cancer, 6 main items, including “the first steps of socialization in chaotic transference”, “living in the struggle of mistake with perfection”, "bias", "emotional strategies", "obedience", and “fate perceptions”, were recognized. To organize the 6 themes related to the initial cognitive reserves, an initial cognitive model was presented. As the survivors’ experiences showed, this early cognitive pattern was derived from the first experiences of socialization over the previous years. Therefore, to understand this pattern, one must understand the survivors’ socialization paths and their social actions resulting from the historical combination of past and present.To answer the second question, the main theme of the new cognitive perception was obtained, which represented a secondary cognitive pattern that was affected by re-socialization due to the cancer. The new cognitive content was a kind of contemplative and rethinking pattern compared to the original pattern, which was often suggestive and unconscious.Paying attention to the subjective and objective conditions affecting health and disease is the most concentrated solution, which can guide governments and policymakers to rethink the governing policies in addition to taking preventive actions at all the 3 levels of disease prevention in healthy people, disease prevention in the people at risk caused by misconceptions and dominated situations, and health restoration in sick people through socio-cognitive interventions. In other words, building a society with a healthy lifestyle through allocating resources and budgets to alleviate poverty, teaching the ways of changing perception, and problem-solving knowledge about health is more cost-effective than spending money on treatment.

 According to the importance of social health and its increasing effects on life and society, the present research deals with prediction of social health based on social justice with the mediation of social indifference among citizens of Tehran in 1401.

 The present research is practical in terms of purpose and causal-comparative of the survey type in terms of data collection method. Data were collected through the distribution of standard questionnaires among 384 citizens of Tehran - Saadat Abad (District 2), South Zanjan (District 10) and Kargar St (District 16) combining simple, cluster, multi-stage and stratified random sampling methods according to the sample size. In the theoretical model of this research, the social justice variable (individualism, equality, fairness and need) as an independent variable and the social indifference variable (decision-making power, distrust, aimlessness and political responsibility) as an internal dependent variable and social health variable (social cohesion, social acceptance, social participation, prosperity and social adaptation) has been considered as the main dependent variable. Finally, to investigate the relationship between the mentioned variables, structural equation modeling method with Lisrel 8.8 software was used.

Ethical Considerations: 

The respondents who participated in this research answered the questionnaires with the knowledge of conducting of the research and its goals.

 The results showed that social justice is effective on social health with the mediating role of social indifference. Also, social justice affects social indifference by 0.41 and social health by 0.78 and social indifference affects social health by 0.14.

 In order to improvement of social health, it is necessary to establish social justice in society with the help of high-level organizations and managers, so that social indifference will decrease and we will see a society where people have high social health which can have positive effects in the society at different levels and solve the problems.

Lying is a false and deliberate statement to mislead another person and try to make him/her believe it. There are all kinds of lies among students, from everyday compliments to dissertation writing. In Iran, research on the Iranian people’s characteristic of lying is in the first place. In this research, the question of what the roles of communication action and social capital in Iranian students’ tendency to lie are was addressed. Accordingly, the theories of Habermas, Weber, Simmel, etc. and those of Putnam and Bourdieu were discussed in the fields of communication action and social capital, respectively.

This research was of an applied survey. The statistical population included 16,632 students studying in the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, in 2019. Using Cochran's formula, 375 students were selected as the statistical sample. A stratified sampling method was applied. SPSS and Amos software was utilized for data analysis. The data were collected through researcher-made questionnaires, the formal validity (as high as 0.94) and reliability (higher than 0.7) of which were ensured by using the teachers’ judgments and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. After preparing the indicators, a preliminary study of 30 students was conducted. The social capital and communication action questionnaires of 27 and 14 questions were made based on a 5-point Likert scale, respectively. The questions related to lying tendency were extracted from the Questionnaires prepared by Hart et al. (2019). To measure this variable, 45 questions were used based on the 7-point Likert scale.

In this study, there was a significant inverse relationship between communication action and the students' tendencies to lie. The higher the students' communication skills were, the less they intended to lie Khodamoradi (1397). The results of the correlation between the variables of lying tendency and the students’ communication action (-0.119) and social capital (-0.179) showed that there was a significant inverse relationship between the mentioned variables. Independent means of the t-test were used to compare the relationships of the students’ lying tendencies with their communication action and social capital based on their genders.The results revealed that the tendency to lie was not different among them, but their communication actions were different based on gender; the male students had a stronger communication action than the female students (T=2.916, SIG=0.0.004). Also, no significant difference was observed between lying tendency and social capital based on gender (T=0.074, SIG=0.941). Path analysis was used to investigate the effects of social capital and communication action on lying tendency. Predictor variables were applied to estimate the parameters obtained from the relationships. To determine the fit of the proposed model with the data, a combination of fit indices (X2=120.87, df=56, CFI=0.778, GFI=0/950, and RMSEA=0.056) was utilized and a suitable model was achieved. Regarding the interaction of communication action with social capital and their roles in Iranian students’ tendencies to lie, it can be said that the act of communication has been used in the analyses related to the discussion of social capital. In fact, social capital researchers have placed the act of communication at the heart of their discourses on social capital. Different forms of social capital affect beliefs and believers and their trust behaviors, as well as communication action that leads to individuals’ better performance. If we want to spread honesty and truthfulness among students, we must say that saying such things as "Do not lie and be honest!" will not work although advice is useful. In the current situation, we expect honesty from institutions and should develop a trusting relationship in the society.

The aim of this study was to "investigate students' tendency to lie". Research method, survey and statistical population, students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 1398 with a sample size of 375 people were obtained by stratified method. The method of collection is using a questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate the reliability coefficient of the measuring instrument and to judge the face and content validity of the questionnaire, professors' judgments on the subject were used.. The basis of the research is "Burger and Luckman's theory, Habermas, Bourdieu, Sutherland, etc." Spss18 and Amos were used to analyze the data. According to the results of the study, there was a direct relationship between "social fear, power structure in the family, social alienation, cultural poverty, relative deprivation" and an inverse relationship between "social, economic, cultural, communication action" and the tendency to lie. According to the results of multivariate regression analysis, "social, cultural and economic" factors explain 37% of the tendency to lie and 63% of the variance can be explained by variables outside the study

Like any other social phenomenon, the degree of concern about the environment is related to various factors, such as the role of social control and environmental ethics. This research examines the relationship between environmental concerns as a dependent variable and social control and environment ethics as independent variables.

The research method is quantitative and done by a questionnaire. The target sample includes 387 students of Tabriz University in the 2019-20 academic year who were selected by stratified sampling method from the colleges and then random sampling method for sample selection in each faculty. Respondents participated in the study with full knowledge and satisfaction. The SPSS 16, was used for data analysis.

 Ethical considerations have been observed in all stages of research, including data collection, documentation, analysis and publication of data.

According to the results there is not any difference between the average amount of environmental concern, in terms of educational level, family income and marital status, but the average of this variable shows a significant difference between males and females. Also, results show there is a meaningful inverse relationship between social control as an independent variable with environmental concern. The correlation coefficient between environmental ethics with environmental concerns shows there are direct relationships between these variables. The regression result shows 18% of changes of the environmental concern variable are explained by the two above independent variables.

Increasing concern about biological hazards is a sign of the need to reconsider environmental concepts and social structures. Evidence from research shows that increasing concern about biological hazards and their consequences is the basis for increasing ethical behavior toward the environment and reducing the need for formal social control in this regard.

The concept of environmental concern has been studied for many years with various theoretical background in the social sciences and psychology, but in recently years this concept separated from other concepts related to the environment and considered as a variable consisting of objective and subjective concepts and formed of horizontal and vertical dimensions. 

This manuscript  study the constructive components of the horizontal dimension of environmental concerns, including: emotional stimuli, cognitive components, behavioral will, and practical behavior according to Shafferin's theory. The statistical population of the research of Tabriz University students and its statistical sample was determined using 387 Cochran's formula and the quotas of all university faculties were examined using sampling. Data collection tools are questioners that using standard environmental assessment questions, social capital, and life satisfaction from previous research. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software.

The research findings show that the environmental concern of Tabriz University students is 37.17 and it is more than the average can be obtained. According to the findings there is a significant difference between the obtained average of men and women answers. The findings also show that the environmental literacy have standard coefficient 0.281 and has a significant relationship with students' environmental concerns, but the two variables satisfaction of life and social capital have not had a significant effect on the environmental concerns of students at Tabriz University.  

The type and extent of environmental concerns of individuals depends on their awareness of the processes of their living environment, so the most important factor in protecting the environment is to increase people's knowledge and ecological literacy.

From the pre-modern times to the present day, there have been major changes in the meaning of body, ideal body and aesthetic interventions in the body. As the body and its related standards become valuable, people's self-concept is increasingly tied to it and the people's social status, identity and prestige are defined by their physical qualities. Therefore, due to the importance of the above mentioned relationship, this study was conducted with a survey method to assess the relationship between different dimensions of self-concept and weight control dimension of body management among female students of the Tabriz Azad University in 2018-2019. The present study is a quantitative, cross-sectional study and it was conducted by using a questionnaire tool. The sample includes 384 students using Cochran formula. The results of the research show that a large number of the sample population (% 63.3) has a great tendency to control their weight to prevent overweight. Also, there was a significant inverse correlation between body satisfaction and BMI. It means that as body mass index (BMI) increases, body satisfaction decreases. Also, students' self-esteem decreases with the assumption of obesity, and a significant inverse correlation was seen between self-esteem affected by obesity and the amount of weight controlling activities. They indicate that the students give much more value (mean=74.75) to aesthetic body care.

The fear of crime is one of the most important subjects of sociology, urban studies, and criminology, because of its devastating effects on the lives of citizens. The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the fear of crime among Iranian citizens using meta-analysis method. For this purpose, the present study examined the articles on the fear of crime in Iran.  After omitting the documentary and review research studies, 19 articles were selected as the statistical sample. To analyze the data collected from the research, after coding, comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA2) was employed for statistical meta-analysis. The research findings showed that social organization with an effect size of 0.44, experience of victimization with an effect size of 0.40, police presence with an effect size of -0.34, social trust with an effect size of 0.23, social control with an effect size of -0.20, and neighborhood attitudes and belongingness with an effect size of -0.17 are the most important factors affecting the fear of crime in the research studies. Very little attention is given to the subjects of urban studies, geography, law, and psychology affecting the issue of fear of crime; domination of the survey method, lack of any hypothesis, lack of reports on creditworthiness of research in about 45% of the articles, and the general and impracticable strategies presented in the studies on fear of crime were the most important weaknesses of the research studies.

Acquaintance with information resources considered as a sustainable development tool for villages in order to raise awareness, reduce information gap and increase efficiency of villagers. The main purpose of this research is to identify the information sources of farmers in the villages of Kermanshah. The research method is qualitative and is done with the phenomenological approach on agricultural experts and farmers in the summer of 1396 in order to identify information sources using deep open and semi-structured interviews. In order to prioritize the information resources of the farmers, they were targeted by sampling and data saturation, with the confidentiality of information and the ability to leave the study at any time. By analyzing and integrating the main components, four main components were identified and 22 sub-components were extracted and used for AHP ranking. The results showed that the incompatibility rate was less than 0.1. So there is compatibility in the pair comparison. Therefore, all elements have a good and acceptable weight. The result was that based on the calculations carried out and the amount of their accuracy, it was determined that among the main factors of information resources, holding educational classes with a weight of 0.14 is in the first place and the use of websites with the weight of 0.007 is in the last place.

 As sociologists believe, some part of family changes in Iran is due to changes in people's attitudes toward childbearing values. The present study aimed to study some social factors affecting the attitude towards childbearing among married women and men. This cross-sectional was conducted among a sample of married women and men aged 18 to 49 years using cluster sampling technique in Tabriz, Iran. The research instrument consisted of a self-designed questionnaire on attitude towards childbearing, religiosity, family and modern media and modern rethinking. In all 415 citizens were selected. There was no significant difference in attitudes toward childbearing between women and men (p = 0.919), but there was significant difference between participants with different educational levels (p = 0.010) and socioeconomic statuses (p = 0.027) regarding attitudes toward childbearing. There was a direct correlation between family orientation (p=0.000, r=0.54) and religiosity (p < 0.0001, r=0.42) with the attitudes toward childbearing, and between modern reflexivity (p < 0.0001, r= -0.38), degree of usage of internet (p < 0.0001, r= -0.30) and degree of usage of virtual social networks (p= <0.0001, r= -0.24) with the attitudes toward childbearing. Independent variables entering the regression model explained 40% of the variance in attitudes toward the participants’ childbearing. To create positive attitudes towards childbearing among Iranian families, special attentions should be paid to strengthen family life and religion believes