abbas arghan

The rapid growth of urban populations worldwide, especially in developing countries, poses a significant challenge for governments and planning organizations. In recent decades, among various urban growth patterns, the pattern of sprawling growth has become the dominant spatial development trend in many countries. This study aims to diagnose the pathological sprawl and horizontal expansion of the Ahvaz metropolis. This research is applied and uses an analytical-descriptive method. The data collection method in this research is library-documentary and survey-based. The COCOSO multi-criteria decision-making technique was used to analyze the data. The results obtained from the COCOSO method showed that districts 1 and 8 of Ahvaz city, with the abbreviation B and a final weight of 0.942 in the COCOSO test, have the most favorable conditions. Districts 2 and 6 of Ahvaz city, with the abbreviation D and a final weight of 0.491, have the least favorable conditions and the least impact among other areas compared to the study components. In conclusion, considering the negative consequences of sprawl and to achieve sustainable development and a sustainable urban form, a compact growth pattern is proposed as the future development pattern of the city.

This research aimed to investigate the sustainability status of the historical-cultural area 8 in Tabriz, a metropolitan city. The study was descriptive-analytical in nature. The population consisted of residents from various neighborhoods within the eight districts of Tabriz, and using Cochran's formula and a simple random classification method, 375 individuals over 15 years of age were selected as the sample size. The questionnaire's validity was confirmed by experts, and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha formula, with values ranging from 0.876 to 0.881 for different parts of the questionnaire. Fuzzy TOPSIS was employed to evaluate the variables, the sustainability barometer model was used for sustainability evaluation, and statistical tests were used for data inference and testing. GIS software was utilized for mapping purposes. The findings indicated that the Bazaar neighborhood was the most stable neighborhood, while the Tapli Bagh-Damaskiah neighborhood was the least stable neighborhood within the eight districts of Tabriz metropolis. In terms of sustainability across the six neighborhoods in the eight districts of Tabriz, economic sustainability had the highest positive impact, while environmental sustainability had the lowest positive impact. The district's status regarding human well-being and ecosystem well-being was 0.585 and 0.542, respectively. Single-sample T-tests revealed that, based on the sustainability barometer results, economic, social, physical, and environmental dimensions were prioritized in that order. Tukey's and Shafe's tests further confirmed the existence of a sustainability gap between different dimensions of sustainability. In order to enhance the overall sustainability status, it is recommended that city managers focus on improving environmental indicators within the city's core neighborhoods.

Sustainable smart city as the result of two concepts of smart city and sustainable urban development is the dominant approach in urban management of the third millennium. Considering the importance of the subject, in this article, an effort has been made to provide a model for a smart city based on the concept of sustainable urban development in the country. This research is based on interpretative paradigm. Also, in terms of the purpose of this research, it is an applied-developmental research, and from the point of view of the method of data collection, it is a descriptive research with survey-cross-sectional method. The statistical population of the research includes academic experts as well as executive managers of urban management and planning, urban geography, communication and information technology. Sampling was done by targeted method and theoretical saturation was achieved with 10 people. The underlying categories of the sustainable smart city model were identified by the qualitative analysis method, and the relationships between the underlying categories of the sustainable smart city model were determined by the structural-interpretive method. Qualitative analysis of the theme was done using MaxQuda 20 software and structural-interpretive modeling calculations were done with Mic Mac software. The findings of the research showed that smart urban infrastructure and smart governance are the two basic elements of the model that have the greatest impact in creating a smart city based on sustainable development. In the same way, the amount of influence on the next levels is reduced and the variables of the same level, that is, have mutual interaction with each other. These factors contribute to the smart economy and smart environment by influencing the smartness of transportation and smart business based on technology. In the future, sustainable urban development can be achieved through smart structures and smart people, and finally, this sustainable urban development can lead to the smartening of the city.

This study aimed to develop strategies for branding using the smart city approach based on economic dimensions in the Yusefabad neighborhood located in district 6 of Tehran.

This analytical-applied study was conducted in the Yusefabad neighborhood of Tehran in 2023-2024. The research tool was a questionnaire designed based on the economic dimension with sub-components including service and tourism facilities (5 indices), neighborhood unique features and assets (6 indices), transportation services and accessibility (6 indices), urban services and infrastructure (4 indices), city's international status (4 indices), and investment and trade (3 indices). The content and face validity were assessed using the expert panel method. Then, the questionnaire was distributed among 30 urban planners in district 6 of Tehran. The data were analyzed using the independent t-test and Friedman test in SPSS 23.

The highest mean in the economic dimensions was related to transportation services and accessibility (2.4), while the lowest mean was related to service and tourism facilities with a value of 2.89. The results of component ranking indicated that in the service and tourism facilities index, the components of recreational centers and entertainment venues (0.189) and the status of hotels and hostels (0.189) ranked highest. In the unique features and assets index, unique monuments and buildings (0.062) ranked highest. In the urban services and infrastructure index, the components of urban facility conditions (0.182) and urban equipment status (0.179) ranked highest. In the city's international status index, advertising power (0.210) ranked first. In the investment and trade index, the status of markets and sales centers ranked first.

The economic component with a beta coefficient of 0.438 significantly influences the smart city. The economic status is a significant predictor of the smart city.

Free zones are gateways to world markets by taking advantage of the potentials and opportunities of the domestic economy in international trade. If the goal of the country's development is to develop the areas outside the big cities so that it includes all the rural areas in addition to the cities, one of the most important efforts is to pay attention to the small towns and somehow determine and evaluate their role in the development of the region. is In this research, the role of Aras Free Trade Zone in the development of medium and small cities has been evaluated. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the role of the Aras Free Zone on the development of medium and small cities around. The collection of information was done in two ways: library and field. The statistical population studied are the residents of small and medium towns around the region. The reason for choosing this community is the impact of Aras Free Zone on the lives of these residents. 150 of these people were randomly selected; Also, Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample size. Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the research. Factor analysis and Spearman's test were used for the analysis. According to the results obtained from the questionnaires and the analytical test, Aras Free Zone is an effective factor in the development of small and medium cities and has caused the economic and social development of these cities. Suggestions for further development of small and medium cities have been presented. 

Free zones serve as gateways to global markets, capitalizing on the potentials and opportunities of the domestic economy in international trade. If the country's development goal encompasses the expansion beyond major urban centers to encompass all rural areas as well, it is imperative to prioritize attention to small cities and delineate their role in regional development. Over the past few decades, one of the pivotal economic policies pursued by the country's decision-makers and policymakers has been the establishment and implementation of commercial-industrial free zones. This policy has been driven by various objectives, including enhancing the competitiveness of the national economy, gradual integration into the global economy, regional development, alleviating deprivation, attracting both foreign and domestic capital, creating new employment opportunities, acquiring advanced technology, and augmenting exports. Presently, metropolitan areas in developing countries are witnessing robust growth, absorbing the majority of the country's resources, services, and capital. Nonetheless, they grapple with a myriad of urban challenges such as housing shortages, escalating unemployment rates, marginalization, transportation issues, and deficiencies in other urban services, compounded by environmental degradation. Conversely, other areas within these countries, such as medium-sized cities, small towns, and rural regions, have lagged behind in development, experiencing stagnation and impediments to progress. Global experiences underscore the importance of addressing the problems of major cities and achieving spatial population distribution balance and regional development, with a strong emphasis on supporting small cities.The establishment of commercial-industrial free zones lags behind in many countries' measures and development plans for underdeveloped areas. Each new economic endeavor carries significant potential for the host region's development. Successful economic activities generate added value and profitability, serving as incentives to attract further investment, thereby increasing job opportunities for local residents. Hence, it is crucial to prioritize attention to small cities and assess their role in regional development. This research evaluates the role of the Aras Free Trade Zone in fostering the development of medium and small cities. The primary objective is to examine the impact of the Aras Free Zone on the development of the surrounding medium and small cities, namely the central part, Jolfa city, Hadi Shahr, and Siehroud part.

The research methodology follows a descriptive-analytical approach with practical objectives. Data collection involves documentary methods and field studies to explore the role of the Aras Free Trade Zone in the development of medium and small cities, utilizing interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis is based on existing data and survey results from residents of small and medium cities surrounding the region, chosen due to the impact of the Aras Free Zone on their lives. The statistical population consists of residents of small and medium cities in the vicinity, with 150 individuals randomly selected using Cochran's formula to estimate the sample size. Cronbach's alpha coefficient is utilized to ensure the reliability of the research, particularly useful for measuring the internal consistency of Likert-type scales. A pre-test with 10% of the sample population was conducted to validate the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated using SPSS software, confirming the questionnaire's validity with a coefficient exceeding 0.80. Data analysis employs the factor analysis model and Spearman correlation coefficient in SPSS software.

The establishment of successful free zones has the potential to attract capital from cities of any size and dimension, leading to optimal management practices, mitigating cultural, social, and service-related issues, fostering peace and comfort, implementing justice, and boosting morale through participation. However, small and medium cities encounter their own set of challenges. Without appropriate plans and strategies to address urban management issues at national, regional, and local levels, these problems persist. Neglecting the development of small cities and lower-tier urban areas while focusing solely on high-level plans and investments exacerbates disparities, leading to imbalanced population distribution nationally and regionally. This imbalance poses a significant challenge for governments, as achieving balanced spatial development is crucial for national economic and social progress. Urban centers, characterized by their strength and prosperity, tend to repel labor and population, attracting more resources and opportunities, while peripheral areas, including small cities and rural regions, often struggle with poverty and underdevelopment. Addressing these disparities is essential for fostering sustainable and inclusive growth.

The results reveal that out of the 34 indices utilized in this study, 12 factors were identified, all possessing high eigenvalues, collectively explaining 68.7% of the variance. The first factor, with an eigenvalue of 3.911, elucidates 11.5% of the variance and exerts the most significant influence among the 12 factors, primarily within the economic domain. The second factor, comprising four indices, has an eigenvalue of 3.172, explaining 9.3% of the variance, ranking second. The third factor encompasses three loaded indices with an eigenvalue of 2.645, accounting for 7.8% of the variance. The fourth factor, composed of four indices, has an eigenvalue of 2.272 and explains 6.6% of the variance. Factors five through twelve have eigenvalues of 1.118, 0.971, 0.449, 0.223, 0.873, 0.394, 0.240, and 0.141, respectively, indicating lower variances. Based on the results, various components such as employment generation, income increase, economic development of small and medium regions, social development of small and medium regions, rapid provision of infrastructure, increase in domestic production and handicrafts, improvement in green spaces and tourist destinations, increased income from transport services, improved public services in surrounding areas, and rapid service delivery to small and medium regions around the Aras Free Trade Zone were identified. The findings demonstrate an increased dependency of small and surrounding areas on the Aras Free Zone.Furthermore, the correlation coefficient test employing Spearman's correlation coefficient between the development of the Aras Free Zone and the development of small and medium cities revealed a significant and positive relationship, indicating that an increase in one leads to a corresponding increase in the other. Therefore, the development of the Aras Free Zone has significantly contributed to the economic and social growth of small and medium cities, including the central district, Jolfa city, Hadi Shahr, and Siehroud part. Additionally, it has led to reduced migration from these cities to other areas, attributable to employment opportunities and economic growth and development in small and medium cities.

Historical spaces of cities as symbols of identity to city that for some reasons such as the passage of time, lack of compliance with the principles of modern urban planning, communication routes, non-engineering access, etc, have lost their effectiveness, despite the importance of historical spaces These spaces have a low enjoyment coefficient in terms of access to urban infrastructure, and solving this problem depends on accurate identification of components, understanding the relationships between components and finally identifying key components.

The main goal of the current research is to identify the key components in the field of improving justice in access to urban infrastructure in the historic-cultural municipality of region of Tabriz.

The research is applied, and its descriptive-analytical approach is based on the prospective approach. Research data has been obtained using Delphi group comments. The number of components of the research includes 21 components in service, urban, managerial, and historical dimensions. Also, the members of the Delphi group included 19 people.

Geography area of research:

 The scope of the present study is the historical-cultural municipality basin of the eight metropolitan areas of Tabriz, where more than 80% of the historical monuments of Tabriz are located in this region.

The findings showed that out of a total of 21 components affecting the improvement of justice in access to urban infrastructure in historical contexts, 11 components are the key components. The most important key components are the improvement of visual quality, improvement of transportation, and retrofitting old buildings, etc. Also, the results of the Electra test in the field of prioritizing the seven neighborhoods located in the historical-cultural municipality of the 8th region of Tabriz showed that, respectively, the neighborhoods of Shahnaz, Bazzar, Mansour, Maghsoodieh, Daneshsara, Karabagh-Balahamam, and Taplibagh-Damaskia are in the first to seventh priorities.

The results of the research showed that the three components of improving the quality of public transportation in historical contexts, the per capita improvement of urban green spaces, and the preservation of historical symbols as three key Factors in the field of improving justice in access to urban infrastructures in historical contexts. From this point of view, it can be said that Shahnaz, Bazzar, and Maghsoodieh neighborhoods have grades one to three, respectively, in terms of access to urban infrastructure. Finally, practical proposals were presented in the field of promoting justice in access to urban infrastructures of historical contexts.

The contribution of the study in place branding theory is that cities and destinations generally do not include their smart aspects in their branding strategy. Therefore, one should try to understand that branding is not the only management and communication of a brand. It should be a complete management process, constantly evolving, which should include all key aspects of the identity, reality and development of cities and destinations, and should also be able to include aspects and realities of the territory even if they include them. The current research is quantitative in terms of purpose, application and methodology. Library sources and field research (questionnaire) have been used to collect information. For sampling from the statistical population, the urban planners of the sixth district of Tehran, Yousef Abad neighborhood, are considered. For this purpose, random sampling was used in this study. According to the opinion of professors and consultants, the size of the statistical sample is 30 people due to the unknown exact statistics of the number of experts in the field of urban planning. Questionnaire validity, content validity and reliability were determined using Cronbach's alpha as 0.88. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the physical and environmental components of the urban branding of Mahlesfabad and the smart city at the 95% confidence level. It is also possible to provide an unlimited amount of information about Yousef Abad neighborhood by holding various exhibitions and events, online information (or city branding in virtual space and social networks) and websites designed with a domain name specific to the city. Transfer to your contacts and by providing virtual tourism tours, signs and elements of the visual identity of the city, advertising slogans, calendar of city events, the possibility of online planning and reservation of facilities and other unlimited facilities, influence the audience's understanding of that neighborhood.

A free zone is a certain territory that is often located inside or adjacent to a port, where free trade is allowed to other parts of the world, and goods can be imported or exported from this zone without paying customs duties and taxes. . Free trade zones play a very important role in the economic development of countries in the world. Every new economic activity will have a great impact on the development of the host. Successful economic activity leads to the creation of added value and profitability, an incentive and incentive to attract more investors in the region, which means an increase Job opportunities are filled by local people. With the creation of new job opportunities, the welfare level in the region will be improved. Due to the importance of this issue, this research analyzes the economic development of Aras Free Trade Zone. The main purpose of the research is the development rate of the cities of Aras Free Zone and the ranking of each. The present research is in the category of applied research and in terms of method, it is in the framework of descriptive-analytical method. Data collection was done in two ways: library and field. The statistical population under study is the residents and employees of the municipal offices of the cities around the region. The reason for choosing this community is the impact of the Aras Free Zone on the lives of these residents and the awareness of the elites and employees. 50 of these people were randomly selected; Also, Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample size. Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the research. TOPSIS technique and cluster analysis method have been used to investigate the research. The obtained results show that in terms of economic development indicators, Jolfa city ranks first, Hadishehr ranks second, central sector and Siehroud rank 3rd and 4th respectively.

Good urban governance is a new theory, the implementation of which realizes the field of sustainable development in the society. In the corona situation, with the experience that all kinds of democratic and non-democratic governments showed in managing affairs, apparently, the most successful way of governance appeared from countries where women were at the top of the government and made decisions for themselves and others. Since women always have multiple roles, even in crises, they have a more effective role in facing and managing it. The city of Semnan has faced issues in the field of urban management and governance during the corona and post-corona period. The purpose of this article is the role of good urban governance in the era of Corona and post-corona, considering the position of women in Semnan. The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in nature. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and information of this research. The statistical population of the current research is the citizens of Semnan with a population of 216,578 people, and the sample size is calculated using Cochran's formula to be equal to 383 people. In order to analyze the data, to test the hypotheses, one-sample t-tests, multivariate linear regression, and Pearson's correlation were used, and to generalize the results from the sample to the statistical population, the structural equation modeling method was used by Lisrel software. The findings have shown that the quality of governance in Semnan and the position of women in the era of Corona and post-corona are in unfavorable conditions in Semnan and they are weak. The results of the sample T-Tech test have shown that the state of the aspects of good urban governance in Semnan city and the position of women in it is not in a good situation. Finally, the results of the investigations show; It is not possible to hope for the realization of good urban governance without the practical definition and explanation of the special position of women as half of the city's citizens and one of the most influential groups in the administration of city affairs.

Today, urban prosperity has become one of the important issues in the field of urban development. In this regard, this article has tried to identify and cluster the driving forces affecting the future state of the prosperity of the metropolis of Tehran using the method of structural analysis. Theoretical data was prepared by document method and experimental data by survey method based on Delphi technique. The statistical population is 20 urban experts based on snowball sampling. 49 primary drivers have been processed in MICMAC software in 6 statistical categories and identified by structural interaction analysis method. The results of this research show that the general distribution pattern of the drivers studied, in terms of mutual effects analysis, indicates the state of an unstable environmental system in which the drivers of urban prosperity have a complex and intermediate state in terms of effectiveness and effectiveness. The focus of drivers is mostly in the cluster of independent factors. Poverty rate, Gini coefficient, employment rate, unemployment rate, accessibility to public open spaces, recreation per capita, space per capita, satisfaction with the quality of health care services, satisfaction with the security of the physical environment, the number of young unemployed, the employment rate in the informal sector, Cultural per capita, the amount of destruction and renovation of worn-out structures, waste generation per capita, civic participation were chosen as the most important driving forces for the future prosperity of Tehran metropolis.

The tourism economy serves as the most effective stimulus for countries grappling with an inefficient economy, often caused by overreliance on a single product or limited income sources. Tourism development stands out as a key strategy for fostering economic and social transformation in regions worldwide, consistently attracting the attention of researchers and planners. Iran’s free and special economic zones offer a wide array of tourism opportunities. One such example is the Aras Free Zone in East Azarbaijan province, which, owing to its temperate climate and diverse tourist attractions, attracts a substantial number of tourists and travelers each year. The statistical population for this research comprised 75 residents of the surrounding areas, as well as city officials and experts. The research data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The results revealed that the following factors (in descending order) have the highest ranks: road and communication infrastructure, access to water, access to residences and guest houses, gas infrastructure, access to sports facilities, access to food and nutrition services, access to suitable communication facilities, setting up exhibitions, access to suitable facilities for leisure, transportation suitable for land and intra-city transportation, and appropriate information and advertising.

In the current situation where the country is facing many economic problems and issues in some sectors due to sanctions, taking a step towards a resilient economy in the urban area can be a good platform for proper spending and reducing urban costs, realizing the capacity. The potential of the city, the optimal and timely use of existing opportunities, urban management strategies and the use of creativity and innovation.

Aim of the research:

 The main purpose of this research is to study and explain the pattern of realization of resistance economy in urban management with a cultural policy approach.

The present research is applied from the perspective of the purpose and is considered descriptive-analytical from the perspective of the research method. In this research, a model has been presented through documentary study and with the help of Delphi method and expert opinion. Data analysis was first performed using descriptive statistics.

The proposed model included a cultural policy dimension consisting of 3 components and 51 indicators. Then, for statistical analysis of the data, factor analysis methods were used and the research model was tested by structural equation method. realization of resistance economics in urban management through discourse, awareness and promotion of a culture of saving as components of cultural policy.

The results of the study showed that the obtained model will play an essential role in the realization of resistance economics in urban management through discourse, awareness and promotion of a culture of saving as components of cultural policy.

The extreme spatial disparity and heterogeneity between Tehran city and other settlements in its urban area have led to a decline in spatial justice and amplified differences within the Tehran metropolitan area. This study aims to identify the key factors that influence the realization of the Tehran Metropolitan Plan objectives in the metropolitan area management system using an institutional approach and meta-synthesis method. A systematic review of scientific research articles published between 1390 to 1400 was conducted, and the meta-synthesis method was used to analyze the findings of 23 studies. The results indicate that the reformation of Tehran Metropolitan's organizational structure is the most crucial step toward institutional change, as per the proposed indicators. At the variable level, the study emphasizes the need for the adoption of a multi-centered development model that aligns with institutional change in planning systems, comprehensive and integrated management of the metropolitan area, shifting towards governance of the metropolitan area, centralization, creating a multifaceted functional network, transparency, accountability, and collaborative efforts.

Sustainable smart city as the result of two concepts of smart city and sustainable urban development is the dominant approach in urban management of the third millennium. Considering the importance of the topic in this article, an effort has been made to provide a model for a smart city based on sustainable urban development in the country. This research is based on interpretative paradigm. Also, in terms of the purpose of this research, it is an applied-developmental research, and from the point of view of the method of data collection, it is a descriptive research with survey-cross-sectional method. The statistical population of the research includes academic experts as well as executive managers of urban management and planning, urban geography, communication and information technology. Sampling was done by targeted method and theoretical saturation was achieved with 10 people. The underlying categories of the sustainable smart city model were identified by the qualitative analysis method, and the relationships between the underlying categories of the sustainable smart city model were determined by the structural-interpretive method. Thematic qualitative analysis was performed using MaxQDA 20 software and structural-interpretive modeling calculations were performed with MicMac software. The findings of the research showed that smart urban infrastructure and smart governance are the two basic elements of the model that have the greatest impact in creating a smart city based on sustainable development. In the same way, the amount of influence on the next levels is reduced and the variables of the same level, that is, have mutual interaction with each other. These factors contribute to the smart economy and smart environment by influencing the smartness of transportation and smart business based on technology. In the future, sustainable urban development can be achieved through smart structures and smart modems, and finally, this sustainable urban development can lead to the smartening of the city.It is suggested to the relevant managers to achieve the goals of the smart metropolis by creating an unbreakable link between ecology, economy and social security and reducing environmental and ecological problems. One of the important and influential factors in the formation of a smart city is increasing productivity and employment and fair distribution of services among the public. This important causes the satisfaction of the citizens. Also, citizens with awareness and satisfaction help in optimizing the consumption of electricity, water and energy. Another influential pillar in the smart city is the smartness in hospitals and healthcare in general, which prevents problems related to human health.

Despite the importance of historical textures, all kinds of financial, managerial, and physical problems have prevented the development of these textures. Considering the importance of this position, the main goal of this research is to identify the challenges of managing, and creating valuable historical urban contexts in the metropolis of the Tabriz. The nature of this research is applied and descriptive, and analytical. The statistical population of this research included households living in District 8 of the Tabriz Municipality and 20 urban experts. Using Cronbach's alpha methods and simple random methods at the household level, 367 people were selected as the sample size. The MicMac software was used to analyze the research findings and the statistical test of linear regression in a step-by-step method. The results of the research showed that the lack of urban infrastructure including green spaces, the location of historical contexts within the city and traffic problems, the challenges of crisis management within the historical context, and the high density of construction within these contexts and The difficulty of vehicle traffic with the values of 1362, 801, 769 and 865 are the key components (challenges) in the field of managing the development of the valuable fabric of the Tabriz city in the 8th urban area. Also, the findings of the research using a step-by-step linear regression test showed that the key components of the management of the valuable tissue include adopting an integrated approach to the management and development of the valuable urban tissue, coordinating the actions of other executive bodies through a comprehensive approach, the ability of managers' knowledge. A city related to local management and relying on local components of valuable historical context management. Finally, the most critical solution to solving the challenge of managing the development of historical structures is to pay attention to all the managerial, financial, social, and physical-infrastructural aspects simultaneously.

The progress of smartening cities on the one hand and the requirements of urban sustainability on the other hand have paved the way for transition to the sustainable smart city. The study at hand was carried out to present an optimal model of smart city from the viewpoint of sustainable urban development. This study was an applied research project in terms of purpose and a cross-sectional survey in terms of research method and data collection timespan. The statistical population included urban management managers and experts. The optimal sample size was determined to be 384 using Morgan’s table and the participants were selected via simple random sampling method. The data was collected through a questionnaire that had been validated through construct, convergent, and divergent validity measures. Using Cronbach’s alpha and combined reliability measures, the dependability of the questionnaire was confirmed. To validate the smart city model from the viewpoint of sustainable urban development, the partial least squares regression and Smart PLS software were used. According to the obtained results, the smart urban infrastructure and smart governance are the two cornerstones of the model that have the strongest effects on the creation of a smart city based on sustainable development. The effectiveness rate is decreased in the subsequent levels and the variables at the same level show mutual interaction. By affecting the smartening of transportation and influencing the technology-based smart businesses, these factors lay support to smart economy and environment. Then, through smart structures and smart people, the sustainable urban development can be attained, which in turn leads to smartening the city.

In essence, creativity involves experiences, innovations, the capacity to rewrite the rules, unconventionality, a new attitude to the affairs, innovative illustration of possible scenarios in the future, distinguishing common points from different points, and adopting a resilient approach to life. A creative city is a conducive environment for human development that lays the ground for developing its residents’ creativity. These cities usually enjoy dynamic and healthy spaces. Thus, it is imperative to pay attention to the factors affecting a creative city to create urban interactive spaces. These factors include human capital, innovation, social capital, and life quality. These factors affect the citizens and overshadow their sense of attachment to such spaces, thus preventing social anomalies.

Despite similarities with their nature, various scientific research methodologies also have differences, requiring the researcher to use appropriate methodologies consistent with the research subjects and consider the limitations that may arise. This descriptive-analytical research used the survey method to examine ways to improve effective and creative innovations in the urban planning of new cities. This research stresses the effects of human capital, innovation, social capital, and life quality on the creative city. Later in the text, the research addresses each of these indicators and ranks different districts in the new city of Rudyan.This research falls under extensive research categories (e.g., the city of Rudyan) and is a cross-sectional study. Data were analyzed by SPSS software programs and multi-criteria decision-making technique (DEAMTEL-based ANP). In the descriptive section, the study uses one-dimensional tables, percentages ad frequency, while in the inferential section, T-Test tests, two-sample t-test (independent samples t-test), path analysis, Pearson, etc., were used to test the hypotheses. Also, the DANP model was used to rank the factors affecting the materialization of a creative city.

The new city of Rudyan has an average innovation index of 2.01, which is not desirable. This indicates that the new city stands at a lower rank than other cities across the nation regarding the application of technology, innovation, science, etc., and it is required to take more measures to become a creative city.The new city of Rudyan has an average social capital index of 2.74, which is not desirable. Speaking of social capital variables, the city acquired an average rate of 2.88 in the cooperation and collaboration in social relation network (the best situation), while it held an average rate of 2.34 in the variable of social trust (the worst situation). Considering the significance level of less than 0.05 (i.e., 0.003) for all social capital variables, the results from the indicator understudy can be generalized to the whole community.The new city of Rudyan has an average quality of life index of 2.74, which is not desirable. Speaking of quality-of-life variables, the city held an average rate of 2.94 in the variable of urban culture (the best situation), while it held an average rate of 2.10 in the variable of the environmental situation (the worst situation). Considering the significance level of less than 0.05 (i.e., 0.003) for all variables of quality of life, the results suggest that the city of Rudyan has, like other variables, an undesirable quality of life situation.

As social trust increases, human capital, innovation, social capital, and life quality will also improve. This is also true of the city of Rudyan. A significant relationship was found between interpersonal trust and human capital with quality of life. There was also a significant relationship between social capital and the creative city, i.e., with the development of social capital components, creative city indicators will also develop (as in the city of Rudyan). The research findings revealed that social capital was a good predictor to explain the city of Rudyan’s creativity.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dust on the economy of Ahvaz. The present study has used descriptive and analytical research methods. In addition, this research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study includes specialists, managers, experts and professors in the field of environment and dust in the city of Ahvaz is 65 people. The sample size was selected based on the total census of 65 people. A questionnaire designed in urban economics in the city of Ahvaz, which has four main variables. Based on this, the questionnaire has 32 questions that will be researcher-made and each of the four main variables has eight questions. Experts and professors formalized the validity of the questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha of 0.81. Data analysis was performed based on structural equation analysis in Smart PLS software. In general, dust has affected the economy of Ahvaz city and this has been in such a way that dust on urban housing with an impact factor of 0.63 and a value of 11.4 T, Dust mites on urban transport with an impact factor of 0.60 and a value of 9.94 T, dust mites on urban facilities and facilities with an impact factor of 0.54 and a value of 6.70 T and dust mites on urban finance with an impact factor of 0.68 and a value of T 16 / 12 has had an impact

This study aimed to identify the most important touristic environmental quality indicators of the Asara District from tourists' perspective and emphasize the necessity of identifying the most important influential factors on the desired environmental quality. This study, according to purpose, is practical and descriptive-analytical research in terms of method. This study has benefitted from the multiple criteria decision-making models such as VIKOR, ELECTRE, SAW, and the Copeland model. The Evaluation and the prioritization showed seven influential factors Evaluating and prioritizing environmental quality. The factor related to the tourist attractions has the most effect on creating and improving environmental quality in the Asara District based on the tourists' point of view.

In the current situation where the country is facing many problems and economic problems in some sectors due to sanctions, taking a step towards a resilient economy in the urban area can be a good platform for proper spending and reducing urban costs, realizing the potential. The city, the optimal and timely use of existing opportunities, urban management strategies and the use of creativity and innovation.The main purpose of this study is to investigate and explain the pattern of realization of resistance economy in urban management with endogenous economy approach. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is considered descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. In this research, a model has been presented through documentary study and with the help of Delphi method and expert opinion.Data analysis was performed first using descriptive statistics. The proposed model included a dimension of knowledge and technology including 3 components and 46 indicators.Then, for statistical analysis of the data, factor analysis methods were used and the research model was tested by structural equation method.The results showed that the obtained model will play an essential role in the realization of resistance economy in urban management through elitism, knowledge-based management and education as components of knowledge and technology.

The present research is an applied research in terms of purpose, and of the nature and method of the research is descriptive-survey and inferential. The statistical population of the study is all citizens over 20 years old in the towns. The sampling method was randomly selected from the city population and tourists in 484 samples (based on Cochran formula). To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.734) used In order to analyze the data, the questionnaire tool and its analysis in SPSS and using tests such as mean, one-sample T-test and Pearson correlation, as well as AHP hierarchical analysis were used. The results of the research indicate that in the city of Chalus, the natural structure index of has a t-statistic and is at a significant level below 0.05 and therefore its status is more than average. Also, indicators of information boards The green space, lighting, has a T-negative statistic and is at a significant level below 0.05. As a result, their condition is less than average. In addition, topographic indices, geometry of buildings, streets and passageways, facades of buildings, urban furniture, building materials, are at a significant level of more than 0.05. As a result, their status is moderate. A general assessment of landscape indicators and natural structure in attracting and staying tourists in the city of Chalus also suggests that the neighborhood of 10 with a weighted average (3.70), in the best condition and neighborhood 5 With a weighted average (2.65) in the weakest condition.

The growth of industry in a complex, region, zone or industrial town is a phenomenon that has been considered important since the beginning of the 20th century in the industrial development of the countries of the world and the utilization of the capabilities and capabilities of each region. In the present study, while gathering the library data and using the existing information in the industrial companies of Semnan and Tehran provinces the informational layers were prepared using GIS software. Also, in order to analyze the industrial towns of Abbas Abad, Eyvanekey, Garmsar and Semnan with emphasis on the attraction of applicants and investment, the layers required in the form of GIS software were prepared. By analyzing the output of the data in the form of a map, it was determined that the number of parts delivered in Abbas Abad industrial town was about  1.39 times the total of the three settlements, i. e., Eyvanekey, Garmsar and Semnan. However, in spite of the distance of 12, 40 and 150  km of Abbas industrial town in the industrial towns of  Eyvanekey, Garmsar and Semnan, the number of units in operation in the industrial town of Abbas Abad was 1.82  times, the employment rate is 1.37  times and the amount of investments made is 1.11  times the total of the three industrial towns.The fact that Abbas Abad industrial town in Tehran as the capital of the country accounts for more than 50 percent of the financial resources and 45  percent of the industries and 17.5  percent of the total population of the country, can be considered as one of the main factors for this difference.

Extended Abstract Introduction With the increasing growth of urbanization and population growth in recent years, the city and urban planning has faced many problems. One of these problems is the deterioration of the old neighbourhoods and textures of the city. Given that the majority of the world's growing population lives in urban areas, the city cannot be simply abandoned. Extensive efforts have been made in the city, large sums of money have been invested, which cannot be simply ignored. In this regard, sustainable urban development was considered as a solution to the dilemma of urban development in the changing conditions of the last years of the twentieth century. In a sustainable city, the goal is to use the land within the city before consuming or destroying important natural or barren lands around the city. More effective use of land covered by urban development and the establishment of much of the future population growth by filling the existing fabric of the city, balanced increase in density, renovation and reconstruction of dilapidated areas and rehabilitation and change of use of old buildings in the inner development of the city is strongly emphasized. Districts 4 and 14 of Tehran, located in the east and northeast of the city, in recent decades has had rapid growth in terms of population and size. Due to its natural and climatic advantages (for District 4) and economic, cultural and appropriate urban services (for District 14), these areas have been considered by different groups such as the rich classes. Also, during the period, there have been various migratory groups in terms of investment, which in aspects of physical and land use, in addition to erosion, have many worn-out textures and abandoned lands. Existence of military centers with a large area of abandoned lands on the outskirts of the Islamic Azad University, Firoozeh Palace lands in the 14th district of Tehran, Lavizan marginal lands in the 4th district of Tehran, active or abandoned textures and real estates that have commercial, Industrial, military land uses etc. are very common in these areas. According to the concepts of moderate development, districts 4 and 14 of Tehran have a lot of unused spaces that can be used as potential for infill development of the area and in order to provide local services, create physical capacity for housing and so on.   Methodology The present research is a descriptive-analytical one in terms of method and also, survey method has been used to implement it. First, the data related to each index is entered into the GIS system and the initial processing (editing of descriptive layers and tables, changing the image system and geographical coordinates, etc.) is performed on them. Then, the layers have been turned to fuzzy in the GIS. Finally, for the final calculation of the priority ranges, three fuzzy operators are used: 1- Fuzzy OR; 2- Fuzzy AND; 3- Fuzzy Gamma. After determining the final weight of the criteria for identifying internal development capacities in the area of worn-out textures in the 14th and 4th districts of Tehran, an information layer was prepared for each of them in the GIS Arc software environment.   Results and discussion The results of the 14th district of Tehran show that there is a significant level of worn-out texture in this area, due to the limitations of the horizontal expansion of the city, the destruction of high quality agricultural lands as well as the existence of social, economic and environmental-physical threats in these areas, in the future by adopting and implementing appropriate strategies in the field of rehabilitation and Renovation as well as meeting the physical, functional and recreational needs of the city can be effective. So that from the 1456-hectare area of the 14th district of Tehran, the area of 192.76 hectares is composed of worn-out, inefficient and densely abandoned lands, and the rest is allocated to passages, open spaces and barren lands. Based on the prioritization of inefficient areas (abandoned and brown lands) of worn texture using the combined model GIS Fuzzy in the 14th district of Tehran, about 60.6% of the worn-out texture area (equivalent to 116.82 hectares) has high priority and very high for infill development. Calculations related to the prioritization map of inefficient and dilapidated lands in District 4 of Tehran show that the area of high and very high priority area with 92.7% of the total worn-out texture and landless lands has the highest level.   Conclusion The study and interpretation of the results of the present study shows that the worn-out textures of Districts 4 and 14 of Tehran have high physical capacities for internal development, which can provide the basis for sustainable development of these areas. According to the studies and calculations made based on the construction criteria in the special design zones of worn-out texture of Districts 4 and 14 (including abandoned and worn lands), it can be said that if properly managed and the use of public participation in the revitalization of the neighbourhood, they have a high potential for the infill development of the city. Infill development of Districts 4 and 14 of Tehran is achievable in all dimensions.

Public spaces should be designed in a way to allow the presence of women alongside men without any personal concerns and social limitations. Our intention with of the present study is to show how urban activities and urban design context may lead to positive effects on the women’s satisfaction in the district 22 of Tehran municipality. Moreover, the level of masculinity or femininity in the public spaces has been studied and the gender equality has been analyzed from the women’s view. This is a practical research method with a critical approach. The required data have been obtained through questionnaires and interviews. The computation has been done using the SPSS software. The results of the study shows that in women’s’ views, women are more likely to be present in the commercial urban spaces and after the public spaces in the religious characteristic, sports public spaces, parks and other recreational spaces and cultural centers respectively. Accordingly, the more accessibility, safety and pastime a public space possesses, the more females’ desire to use it. Hence, with regard to our study it should be mentioned that commercial urban spaces have the highest gender equality compared with religious, sports recreational spaces and cultural public spaces.

The development of small cities has always been one of the major policies in the planning of developing countries. Analysis of urban neighborhoods sustainability indicators, is considered important for urban planners. In the field of urban planning, the concept of a smart sustainable city is often defined as an ideological dimension dependent on strategic directions in order to find an appropriate balance between territories and human societies through information and communication technology and behavioral changes. Sustainable development is one that can continue in the long-time without harming the environment. Sustainable urban development refers to the balance between the various urban social and environmental dimensions and their simultaneous development. Neighborhood as the most vital cell in the framework of the city, is identified by the connection and cohesion of cultural, social, economic, religious and environmental elements, which in most cases, attention to the factor of social livability is neglected with limited consideration to economic and environmental ones in it.  Urban neighborhoods always have a dynamic and evolving concept which have to adapt to professional and theoretical contexts. Neighborhood-based planning in the city of Rudian is a way to achieve the sustainability of the city. The most sustainable urban neighborhoods are ones that are formed in all aspects of sustainability based on environmental, social and economic conditions and the needs of the local community. Therefore, the issue of sustainability is one of the most important subjects in urban planning. Urban sustainable development is a more manageable and achievable concept through neighborhood sustainable development.

The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and its method is based on descriptive-analytical. In this research, first library studies (articles, books, reports) were performed to identify dimensions and components, and then field surveys were conducted as a questionnaire in the framework of dimensions. In order to analyze the obtained data from field operations, one-sample t-test was used to measure the stability, analysis of variance was applied to compare items in the form of SPSS software and the WASPAS combined decision model was also exploited. The statistical population of the study included all people living in the city of Rudian, in 2016, from which 359 people were selected by available sampling and then, according to the proportion of the population of each neighborhood of the total population of the city, the same amount of sample has been allocated. In this study, Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the test. This method is used to calculate the internal consistency of a measuring instrument that evaluates various properties.

It can be said that there is a significant difference in stability between neighborhood areas of Rudian city in residential textures. The findings showed that only Sarghanat and Deh Bala neighborhoods are relatively stable in terms of security in Rudian and other neighborhoods are unstable. Also, all neighborhoods of Rudian city are in an unstable situation in terms of social, economic and environmental dimensions. In addition, Sarghanat and Deh Bala neighborhoods of Rudian city are physically stable and other neighborhoods are unstable in this regard.

Environmental, social and economic issues and problems in cities emphasize the need to achieve sustainable development. But to achieve this, it is important to measure the position and distance of the city from the ideal and model of sustainable development. In the current situation, the organic balance between the social system and the physical structure of the city and the incompatibility between them caused problems. If in the past, urban units of the neighborhood type provided the possibility of belonging or dependence or conditions of connection of the individual with the living environment, in recent times urban development with latent and observed demographic, social, technical and other variables to weaken or destroy these relationships. So that in addition to poverty and deprivation in slum areas, the contexts of emotional and psychological erosion of individuals on the one hand and the reduction of spatial belongings on the other hand are intensifying every day. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the neighborhoods of Rudian are different in terms of neighborhood sustainable development indicators. Sustainability indicators can be effective on organizing urban neighborhoods. The neighborhoods of Rudian city have significant differences in terms of population and area, and by recognizing the problems of the neighborhoods and improving them, and by strengthening the neighborhood indicators, it is possible to organize the city areas. The results of this study show that socio-physical factors play an important role in empowering the neighborhoods of Rudian, so the growth of security, services, quality of life, participation and access in these neighborhoods depends on their physical organization during which the empowerment strategy is feasible.