amir mirzaei

Among the nutrients used by the plant for the growth of nitrogen due to its participation in the structure of proteins, amino acids, coenzymes and nucleic acids are the main factors involved in plant growth and fertility. In recent decades, a group of soil bacteria in the rhizosphere has been introduced as plant growth-promoting bacteria that have been able to improve crop growth. In addition to the positive effects on soil properties, these bacteria are economically and environmentally beneficial and a good alternative to chemical fertilizers. Azotobacter and Azpirillum are the most important Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in plants that, in addition to bio-stabilizing nitrogen, produce growth-promoting hormones such as auxin, gibberellin, and cytokines. Modification of root system architecture by PGPR implicates the production of phytohormones and other signals that lead to enhanced secondary root branching and development of the root system. Since accessible water is the main factor limiting growth in rainfed agriculture, so one of the ways to improve nutrition and plant growth is to use PGPR. Therefore, this study was carried out on the role of Azospirillum + Azetobacter on root traits of new wheat cultivars in Ilam province.

In order to investigate the effect of growth-promoting bacteria on root system criteria in wheat under dryland conditions, a field experiment was carried out as a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm station of Sarablah Agricultural Research Center during 2019-2020 cropping season. Experimental treatments include different wheat cultivars (Sardari, Karim, Koohdasht and Rijaw) and treatment of different fertilizer sources, including control (without fertilizer treatment), 50% urea chemical fertilizer (50% of required), Azospirillum + 50% 50% urea chemical fertilizer (50% of required), Azetobacter + 50% N fertilizer, Azospirillum + Azetobacter + 50% urea chemical fertilizer (50% of required) and 100% urea chemical fertilizer (100% of required). Each experimental plot consisted of eight planting rows with a row spacing of 20 cm and a length of 4 m. Nitrogen fertilizer (120 kg.ha-1) was applied at planting and stalking stage based on soil test. Phosphorus fertilizer was applied from triple superphosphate source at the recommended rate of 50 kg.ha-1at planting time. In this study, root length, root fresh and dry weight, root volume, root surface, root diameter, specific root length, root length density, root specific mass, root tissue density and root surface area density were evaluated. Experimental data were analyzed using SAS statistical program. Comparison of means were done by Duncan test and graphs were drawn with Excel software.

The results of this study showed that the interaction between cultivar × fertilizer sources was significant in root characteristics of dryland wheat, so that the maximum root length (115.6 cm), root volume (13.3 cm3), root surface (137.2 cm2), specific root length (46.9 cm root length.g-1 DW root), specific root mass (0.0045 g of DW roots.cm-3 soil volume), root length density (0.214 cm root length.cm-3 soil volume), root tissue density (32.4 g root.cm-3 soil volume) and root surface area density (127.5 cm2.cm-3) was obtained in Rijo cultivar × Azospirillum + Azetobacter + 50% 50% urea chemical fertilizer (50% of required) compared to control treatment (without fertilizer sources).

The results showed that due to the lack of rainfall in most rainfed fields of the province and also due to the positive effect of fertilizer biofertilizer in maintaining soil moisture, improving the physical and chemical quality of soil, to achieve proper grain yield in rainfed conditions of biofertilizer with chemical fertilizer Used nitrogen. In this study, it was observed that in the combined system of biochemical and chemical fertilizers, the rooting system increases so that the maximum root length, root volume, root area, root-specific volume, root length density, root tissue density and root surface density was observed from Rijaw cultivar × Azospirillum + Azetobacter + 50% N chemical fertilizer.  Bacteria increase plant growth by affecting the plant by improving physiological and biochemical conditions to increase resistance to adverse environmental factors in rainfed agriculture. Therefore, the results of this study can be concluded that in rainfed conditions where the intensity and fluctuations of rainfall are not predictable, having a strong root system can greatly reduce the harmful effects of water deficit against environmental stresses in the region and cause an acceptable increase in the yield of dryland wheat grain.

 The integration of the two stability assessment methods of the best linear unbiased predictions (BLUP) and AMMI in multi- environment experiments based on the stability index of weighted average absolute scores (WAASB) helps to better evaluate plant genotypes. In the present study, the seed yield stability of 13 advanced lentil genotypes was evaluated in a multi-environment trials in three locations including; Khoramabad, Ilam and Kermanshahn in 2019-2022 cropping seasons. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with three replications. In order to evaluate genotype × environment interaction, AMMI and BLUP methods were combined by introducing WAASB and WAASBY indicators and the yield stability was evaluated by drawing various graphs. Considering the significant G×E interaction based on the results of the relative likelihood test (LRT), it was possible to perform BLUP analysis on the data. The highest predicted seed yield by BLUP method belonged to genotype no. 12 followed by genotypes no. 6, 4, 3, 5 and 9 which had higher than average predicted seed yield. To enable simultaneous selection based on both seed yield and yield stability, by combining seed yield (Y) and WAASB, a new index “WAASBY” was created. Considering 50% contribution of each of the two components of seed yield and yield stability, seven genotypes showed above average WAASBY. Genoypes no. 3, 6, 5 and 2 had considerably higher WAASBY when compared with other genotypes and was identified .

It is not easy to achieve the same level of exploration and exploitation in the organization, but the time to reach it can be shortened. Organizations that prefer discovery and abandon exploration incur the costs of experimentation without gaining much benefit from it. These companies are full of untapped ideas and undifferentiated capabilities. In contrast, organizations that abandon exploration and engage in extraction are likely to fall into the trap of steady equilibrium. Creating a proper balance between exploration and exploitation is the main factor in the prosperity of any company's system. Therefore, the aim of this research was to design and explain the organizational ambidexterity model in multi-purpose holdings. The research method of this mixed research is exploratory. First, using the Delphi method, the organizational ambidexterity model was formed in multipurpose holdings. Based on the Delphi method, 16 subcategories in the form of 2 main categories constitute the components of the model. Then, using the structural equation modeling method, the measurement model components and the structural model of the whole model were validated at the level of multi-purpose holdings. Based on the findings of the structural equation modeling method, at the level of multi-purpose holdings under investigation, the "exploration" factor through the sub-dimensions of "communications", "strategy", "flexibility", "capability", "vision", "structure", "organizational culture" , "Entrepreneurial tendency" and "exploratory management" and "exploitation" factor through the sub-dimensions of "strategy", "adaptation", "capability", "vision", "structure", "organizational culture" and "management", the latent variable They explain the higher ."order of "organizational ambidexterity.

 The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and short-term psychodynamic therapy on sexual dysfunction and the quality of sexual life in women attending counseling and psychotherapy centers in Isfahan.

 The research design was a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The population included all women in Isfahan province suffering from sexual dysfunction in 2023. Sixty individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned into three groups: twenty in the first experimental group, twenty in the second experimental group, and twenty in the control group. The first experimental group underwent emotion-focused psychological intervention based on the therapeutic protocol by Gilbert (2014) in fifteen 60-minute sessions, and the second experimental group received short-term psychodynamic psychological intervention based on the therapeutic protocol (Davanloo, 2013) in twelve 60-minute sessions held weekly, followed by a one-month follow-up. The control group was placed on a two-month waiting list for the most effective intervention. Data collection for analysis was conducted using the Rosen et al. (2000) Women's Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire and the Simonds et al. (2005) Women's Sexual Life Quality Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using mixed ANOVA with SPSS version 25.

 The findings indicated that both treatments were effective in reducing sexual dysfunction in women (F = 73.08, p < .001) and improving the quality of sexual life (F = 18.02, p < .001). However, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapeutic methods in reducing sexual dysfunction and increasing the quality of sexual life in women (p < .001).

 It can be concluded that both emotion-focused and short-term psychodynamic therapies are effective in reducing sexual dysfunction and improving the quality of sexual life in women. Both treatments can be used to reduce psychological issues in women attending counseling centers.

Lentil is a popular legume crop in the Mediterranean region, widely grown for its nutritious seeds and improving soil fertility. Interest in legumes is increasing as a protein source to replace meat in the future. Identification of high-yield genotypes with adaptation to a wide range of environments is one of the major goals in crop and lentil breeding programs. Combining the best linear unbiased predictions (BLUP), additive main effects, and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) methods in multi-environment experiments and multi-trait stability selection (MTSI) helps to better evaluate plant genotypes and achieve more accurate results. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and BLUP are two methods for analyzing multi-environment trials. The linear mixed effects model (LMM) and the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimator methods are among the important methods that have been proposed to analyze the data of multi-environmental experiments. In this regard, the BLUPs obtained from the interaction of genotype and environment are performed with principal component analysis or single value analysis on the matrix. This method uses the stability index of the weighted average of absolute scores of the best unbiased linear forecasts (WAASB), the weighted average of the stability index of WAASB, and the dependent variable (WAASBY). Researchers have also proposed an MTSI based on factor analysis, in which grain yield, other traits, and the stability of each are simultaneously used to identify stable genotypes. This research aimed to identify stable and high-yielding lentil genotypes in autumn cultivation.

To evaluate the seed yield stability of 12 lentil genotypes along with three check genotypes, including Kimia, Bileh Sawar, and local landrace, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Stations of Khorramabad (Lorestan), Zanjireh (Ilam), and Sararoud (Kermanshah) in three cropping years (2019-2022). Each plot consisted of four lines with a length of 4 m and a distance of 25 cm from each other. iIn addition to the usual crop care such as weeding and pest control, the desired traits and characteristics, such as the number of days to 50% flowering, plant height, and number of days to maturity, were measured during the growing season. Hundred-seed weights and the yield of each plot were measured after the maturity and harvesting of experiments. Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using SAS software, and the average traits of the treatments were compared using the LSD test. For statistical analyses, the Metan Ver.1.9.0 (multi-environment trial analysis) package was used in the R software environment. To estimate stability quantities, singular value decomposition (SVD) was applied to the matrix of BLUPs obtained from genotype-by-environment interactions with an LMM. Variance components were estimated by the REML method. After analyzing the variance of the data, the stability parameters of WAASB and WAASBY (for simultaneous selection based on average performance and stability) were estimated using the eigenvalues obtained from the AMMI analysis on BLUP, and the best genotypes were selected with these two indicators. Genotypic stability values were obtained from the Harmonic Average of the Genotypic Values (HMGV) index. The compatibility of genotypes was evaluated based on the relative performance index of genotypic values (RPGV). The harmonic mean index and relative performance of genotypic value (HMRPGV) were used to simultaneously evaluate stability, compatibility, and seed yield.

The effect of environment, genotype, and genotype × environment interaction were significant on seed yield, plant height, days to flowering, days to maturity, seed filling period, seed filling ratio, seed yield formation rate, rainfall efficiency, and single seed weight. The genotype effect was significant on all traits, except for the seed-filling period. Based on the biplot analysis, genotypes 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10 had higher yield stability in addition to the highest seed yield. The Scree test showed that the first three principal components explained 45.41, 19.13, and 14.34% of the genotype × environment interaction variation obtained from BLUP for grain yield, respectively; in total, they justified 78.87% of the variation. Based on a weighted average of absolute scores of WAASB, genotypes 6, 10, and 12 were high-yielding and stable. Genotypes 1 and 10 were superior based on the (MTSI). The harmonic mean and HMRPGV introduced genotypes 10, 9, 4, and 12 as the genotypes that had high stability and compatibility in addition to high seed yields.

Based on all the analyses, genotype 10 was the most stable genotype, which, in addition to seed yield, was superior to other genotypes in terms of the other measured traits and can be a candidate for introduction as a new cultivar.

The aim of study was to evaluate the efficiency of yield stability analysis models by BLUP and AMMI models.

In this research, nineteen advanced lentil genotypes along with three cultivars of check Kimia, Bileh Sawar and local mass in agricultural research stations of Khorramabad, Ilam and Sararoud in the form of complete blocks design. Randomly with three repetitions and for two crop years (2018-2020), were evaluated. To quantify the genotypic stability, singular value decomposition (SVD) was used with a linear mixed effect model (LMM).

The likelihood ratio test (LRT) indicated that the effect of GEI was significant on seed yield. Therfore, the best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) analysis was considered appropriate for these data. Mosaic plot showed that the portion of sum squares of genotype (G) and sum squares of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) in total sum of squares (TSS) were 6.75% and 34.36%, respectively. The bilot of first principle component (PC1) of the environment versus nominal yield showed that genotypes 13, 6, 16, 9 and 10, were more stable.

Biplot of seed yield versus WAASB Showed that the genotypes 10, 16, 1, 20, 15,4,13 and 7 were very productive and stabile due to the large value of response variable (high seed yield) and high stability (low values of WAASB). Identification of genotypes with WAASBY showed genotypes 16 and 1 high yielding and stable, and therefore can be candidate for cultivar inteoduction.

The Effect of Foliar Application of Iron and Proline Nanoparticles on Biochemical, Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Quinoa Plant in Different Cultivation Dates
 
Rahmat Salehi1, Abbas Maleki*1, Mohammad Mirzaei Heydari2, Alireza Rangin1, Amir Mirzaei3
1- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad
 
2- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
3- Agricultural and horticultural sciences research department, Ilam Province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Promotion Organization, Ilam, Iran.
 
 
*Corresponding email address: maleki97@yahoo.com
 
Received: 20 March 2022                                                                               Accepted:  2 June  2022
 
 
 
Abstract
In order to investigate the possibility of ecophysiological adaptation of quinoa plant, cultivation in different dates under the effect of foliar spraying of iron and proline nanoparticles on yield and related experimental traits in two consecutive years 2019 and 2020 in February in Ilam province, Sarableh city in the research center farm located in the north East of Ilam city was implemented in the form of a split-split plot (plots chopped twice) in the form of a basic randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor, including the planting date, was done in three levels: February4th, February 19th and March 4th. The secondary factor includes iron nanoparticles in four levels including control or non-consumption, 0/3, 0/6 and 0/9 grams per liter of water were added to the volume. The third factor included proline in two levels: 100 mg per liter consumption and Non-use (witness) which were placed in sub-sub plots. The results showed that the main effects including  year, planting date, iron and proline nanoparticles on all traits, plant height, number of flowering branches, height of the main flowering branch, weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield, biological yield and harvesting index were meaningful. Due to the difference in temperature and humidity conditions, most traits were affected. So that the maximum weight of 1000 seeds was obtained with the amount of 6.05 grams in the triple treatment of planting date in iron nanoparticles and proline consumption on the March 4th planting date and 0.9 grams of iron nanoparticles and proline consumption. Also, the lowest weight of 1,000 seeds related to the planting date of February 4th and the absence of proline and iron nanoparticles was obtained with 1.73 grams. The highest yield was obtained on the date of the third crop on the March 4th and the treatment of 0.9 grams of iron nanoparticles and the consumption of proline with the amount of 2948.17 kilograms per hectare. The lowest yield related to the planting date of February 4th and the absence of proline and iron nanoparticles was obtained 14556.17 kg/ha. According to the obtained results, the best yield was obtained on the March 4th and the use of proline and the treatment of 0/9 grams of iron nanoparticles were obtained, which is recommended to achieve high grain production in the cultivation conditions of the region.
Keywords: Planting date, Iron nanoparticles, Proline, Antioxidant enzymes and performance components
University, Ilam Branch, Ilam, Iran.
2- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
3- Agricultural and horticultural sciences research department, Ilam Province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Promotion Organization, Ilam, Iran.
 
 
*Corresponding email address: maleki97@yahoo.com
 
Received: 20 March 2022                                                                               Accepted:  2 June  2022
 
 
 
Abstract
In order to investigate the possibility of ecophysiological adaptation of quinoa plant, cultivation in different dates under the effect of foliar spraying of iron and proline nanoparticles on yield and related experimental traits in two consecutive years 2019 and 2020 in February in Ilam province, Sarableh city in the research center farm located in the north East of Ilam city was implemented in the form of a split-split plot (plots chopped twice) in the form of a basic randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor, including the planting date, was done in three levels: February4th, February 19th and March 4th. The secondary factor includes iron nanoparticles in four levels including control or non-consumption, 0/3, 0/6 and 0/9 grams per liter of water were added to the volume. The third factor included proline in two levels: 100 mg per liter consumption and Non-use (witness) which were placed in sub-sub plots. The results showed that the main effects including  year, planting date, iron and proline nanoparticles on all traits, plant height, number of flowering branches, height of the main flowering branch, weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield, biological yield and harvesting index were meaningful. Due to the difference in temperature and humidity conditions, most traits were affected. So that the maximum weight of 1000 seeds was obtained with the amount of 6.05 grams in the triple treatment of planting date in iron nanoparticles and proline consumption on the March 4th planting date and 0.9 grams of iron nanoparticles and proline consumption. Also, the lowest weight of 1,000 seeds related to the planting date of February 4th and the absence of proline and iron nanoparticles was obtained with 1.73 grams. The highest yield was obtained on the date of the third crop on the March 4th and the treatment of 0.9 grams of iron nanoparticles and the consumption of proline with the amount of 2948.17 kilograms per hectare. The lowest yield related to the planting date of February 4th and the absence of proline and iron nanoparticles was obtained 14556.17 kg/ha. According to the obtained results, the best yield was obtained on the March 4th and the use of proline and the treatment of 0/9 grams of iron nanoparticles were obtained, which is recommended to achieve high grain production in the cultivation conditions of the region.

The savory(Satureja macrantha) belongs to the mint family, it is an annual or multi-year plant, Iran has 12 annual or multi-year grass species. In many studies, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antispasmodic, stomach strengthening and digestion facilitating properties of this genus have been reported. Nisome is a important surfactant-based non-ionic vesicle. Niosomes offer several advantages for drug delivery systems, including osmotically active, chemical stability and long retention time compared to liposomes. In the present study, niosomes extracted from as a drug are dynamically evaluated by calorimetric method (Folin's method). In this study niosomes formulation containing Satureja macrantha extract, in order to achieve the optimal formulation, different formulations were prepared based on the molar ratio of Span 60/Tween 60, cholesterol and with a sonication time of 7 minutes. The niosomes extracted from the savory plant significantly inhibited the activity of the two bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus ) and (Escherichia coli) tested in the present study.

Recently, plant essential oils and their nanoemulsions have received great attention since they help reduce the microbial load and improve the food products’ antioxidant activity. In the present research, rosemary essential oil (REO) and nanoemulations of rosemary essential oil (NREO), were added to a hamburger at different levels, and the properties were checked at refrigerator temperature. The results showed that the most compounds of REO were α-pinene (12.32%), 1, 8-Cineole (12.02%), Camphene (9.21%), Limonene (8.11%), Camphor (7.13%), Bornyl acetate (6.18%), Borneol (6.11%) and Verbenone (5.21%). The mean diameter of inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli for NREO was considerably more than the one for REO (p ≤ 0.05). The phenol content and antioxidant activity of REO were significantly higher than that of NREO (p ≤ 0.05). In all the studied days, except on the 1st day, the highest amount of peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid and microbial population (mesophilic bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria and coliform bacteria of the samples) belonged to sample 1 (control sample). And the lowest amount of the mentioned factors belonged to hamburger containing NREO (p ≤ 0.05). The highest sensory scores (smell, taste, texture, and overall acceptance) were for hamburger which contained NREO (p ≤ 0.05). The hamburger containing NREO, was selected as the one with the superior treatment due to its lower microbial load, and higher sensory evaluation score.

Considering the requirement of the country to meet the nutritional needs of the society and the nutritional needs of the existing livestock in order to meet the nutritional needs, it is necessary to introduce cultivars that can be superior to the existing cultivars in terms of adaptability and stability in arid and semi-arid regions. The use of forage plants such as Grass pea can play an important role in crop rotation, soil protection, reducing weeds and diseases due to high adaptability to dry and semi-arid climates and high yield potential, nitrogen fixation, tolerance to drought and salinity. This research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the interaction effect of genotype × environment and the stability of forage and grain yield of Grass pea genotypes in different regions of the country.

This study was carried out with 16 advanced Grass pea lines in Gachsaran, Mehran, Shirvan Cherdavel and Kohdasht stations for three crop years in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each genotype was cultivated in 6 lines with a length of 7.03 meters and a distance of 0.25 cm from each other. After analyzing the composite variance for different years in different regions, mean comparison was done using the minimum significant difference method at 5% and 1% probability levels. To analys the stability and compatibility of lines, were used the stability methods of Francis and Kanenberg, Eberhut and Russell, Rick's equivalence, Shokla's stability variance, Plasted and Patterson's stability parameter, Finley and Wilkinson, Perkins and Jinks, Gang's total ranking, and the single-variable, non-parametric method, Nassar- Han and Tanazaro.

The results of composite variance analysis of forage yield and grain yield showed that the simple effect of year, genotype, location and the genotype × location interaction effect for both traits were statistically non-significant, and the interaction effect of year × genotype was significant for forage yield and non-significant for grain yield. It was meaningful. The three-way effect of year × location × genotype was not significant at statistical probability levels for forage; but it was significant for grain yield. The forage yield for kholer lines from 12839 kg ha-1 for line number 5 to 16680 kg ha-1 for genotype number 10 with 11.5% drop and 15% superiority compared to Naghadeh, respectively. Also, in terms of grain yield, Grass pea lines fluctuated from 1239 kg ha-1 for line No. 7 to 1723 kg ha-1 for Line No. 10 with a 2% drop and 36.3% superiority compared to Naghadeh. The results of the stability analysis of forage yield showed that in terms of the Coefficient of variation parameter, genotypes 16, 5 and 10, in terms of Phenyl Wilkinson genotypes 15, 2, 13, in terms of Shokla genotypes 14, 9, 6, and in terms of Rick's equivalence, genotypes 14, 9, 6, and 13 were the most stable genotypes. The analysis of grain yield stability by univariate method showed that in terms of Coefficient of variation, genotypes 11, 12, 3, in terms of Phenyl Wilkinson, genotypes 13, 12, 4, 5, 6, in terms of Shukla's, genotypes 7, 12, 5, 6, and in terms of Rick's equivalence, genotypes 7, 12, 5, 6, and 8 were determined to be the most stable Grass pea genotypes.

Based on the obtained results, in terms of forage yield lines No. 1, 10, 3, 9 and 15 and in terms of grain yield genotypes No. 12, 15, 8, 10 and 7 had high stability and yield compared to other genotypes. In general, considering all parameters of stability and compatibility, lines number 1, 10, 12, 15, 8, 7 and 9 were selected as the most stable lines, and genotypes No. 10 and 15 were suitable for both forage and seed.

Given the shortcomings regarding lentil cultivars compatible with temperate and semi-temperate rainfed regions of the country, identifying genotypes with potential to be introduced as cultivars is very important. Due to genotype × environment interaction, selection of genotypes with wide adaptation to different environments is difficult. In addition to high yield, these genotypes must have yield stability in different regions, in other words, general stability. In GGE model (G+GE), the selection of stable genotypes is based on both genotype (G) and genotype × environment (GE) interaction effects.

in order to evaluate yield stability of rain-fed lentil genotypes, the present study was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications with 14 advanced genotypes along with two local cultivars including G15 and G16 (Gachsaran and Sepehr respectively) over two years (since 2018). The experiment’s locations were Gachsaran, Khormeh Abad, Ilam and Moghan. After collecting data from eight environments, the genotype × environment interaction for grain yield was evaluated by using GGE biplot method.

Principal component analysis in the GGE biplot model showed that 47.1% of the variations caused by G and GE is justified by the first two components (PC1, PC2). The mosaic plot revealed that the contribution of diversity due to genotype × environment interaction was significantly higher than the diversity caused by genotype (G) alone. Using GGE biplot model and based on representativeness and discriminating ability, Gachsaran region was identified as a desirable environment to identify variation among genotypes. G11 was the closest genotype to the ideal genotype in terms of grain yield. This genotype had the highest yield among genotypes and was in a moderate position in terms of stability. Genotype 9 was in the second place in terms of yield but had high yield stability since was the closest genotype to the ideal genotype in terms of stability. Genotypes 10 and 1 were also in the next ranks considering both yield and stability. These four genotypes had considerable advantage in terms of both average yield and yield stability compated to control cultivars (G15 and G16). In addition, G5 showed the least yield stability among all genotypes. G15 and G16 as local cultivars showed relatively low grain yield and stability compared to the most of advanced genotypes.

G9, G11, G10, G1 were considered as genotypes with potential to be introduced as new cultivar(s) following further experiments in private farm lands.

In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza fungi on nutrient uptake of barley in rain fed conditions, a field experiment was carried out in factorial analysis based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm station of Sarablah Agricultural Research Center, Ilam during 2019-2020 cropping season. Experimental factors were four barley cultivars (Mahali, Mahoor, Khoram, and Fardan) and fertilizer application including: control (without fertilizer application and mycorrhizal fungi), 50% P chemical fertilizer recommended based on soil test (25 keg/ha), mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum, and Rhizophagus irregularis), mycorrhizal fungi along with 50% P chemical fertilizer, and 100% P chemical fertilizer as recommended. Results indicated that interaction between cultivar and fertilizer sources had significant effect on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, and manganese. Interaction of Fardan cultivar and mycorrhizal fungi + 50% phosphorus fertilizer resulted in the highest nitrogen (11.1%), phosphorus (1.19%), potassium (3.92%), magnesium (0.292%), iron (136.5 mg.kg-1) manganese (65.8 mg.kg-1), and copper (65.71 mg.kg-1) in leaves. According to the obtained results, in the rain fed conditions, the new cultivar Fardan is recommended with mycorrhizal fungi along with 50% phosphorus fertilizer given the high concentration of high macro elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium) and micro elements (iron, manganese, and copper) and the role of these elements in plant growth and photosynthesis

Due to the increasing need for agricultural products and the limited water and soil resources for growing crops, it is necessary to study genetic resources, and on the other hand, genetic materials are resources that are considered valuable for plant breeding specialists who try to collect and maintain and evaluate these materials. Iran is one of the main centers of genetic diversity in the world. Identifying the morphological traits is the first step in classifying and describing the pattern of each plant, and several scientists have attempted to classify and measure the phenomenological diversity of specimen collections of various legumes, including lentils. Since Iran is one of the centers of lentil diversity in the world, it is predicted that a great diversity will be found among the native populations of this plant.

In order to evaluate the efficiency of multivariate statistical methods in identifying the most important traits affecting grain yield and genetic pattern in lentil genotypes in Ilam province, an experiment as randomized complete block design with three replications using 18 lentil genotypes (two local cultivars) in Sarablah Agricultural Research Station per year was implemented in 2018-2019. Selected traits included the number of leaves of a plant, the number of seeds in a pod, the number of seeds of a plant, the number of flowers on a plant, the number of lateral shoot, flowering and maturity dates, the estimated weight of 100 seeds and final grain yield. 

Based on the variance analysis, all traits showed meaningful differences until the experiment day except the number of seeds in a pod and the number of pods of a plant. The genotype named 11 (Flip 2010-90L (and genotype named 15 (ILL 754* ILL) showed the highest and the lowest grain yield, respectively which were 1432.3 and 500 g.m-2. The estimated weight of 100 seeds (r= 0.314) and the number of pods showed the highest positive correlation with grain yield. The basic derivatives of the analysis showed the amount of more than one. The validation amount of total variance was 69.9%. Furthermore, the first and second agents showed the most amount of total variance, which was 3.39%. The six positive traits were the amount of seeds in a pod, the amount of seeds in an herb, the length of the plant, the estimated weight of hundred seeds and the functionality of the plant. In addition, the second positive agents included the number of seeds in a pod, the number of leaves in an herb, the length of the plant and the number of lateral shoots. This study was employed in order to determination of the excellent genotypes regarding the studied traits. Another aim of this research was the enhancement of the availability to the lentil sources. In this study, a wide variety of seed traits such as 100-seed weight and phenological traits such as flowering date, number of seeds per pod, number of leaves per plant and plant height which can be used in breeding programs were recorded. According to statistical analysis, it was found that the studied genotypes have good diversity in terms of grain yield. Number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, plant height are some of the traits that showed a positive relationship with seed yield. Since the first factor justifies the most changes, the traits that have the largest factor coefficients in this factor can be plant height, day to maturity and number of seeds per pod and can be selected to select the best genotypes and lines of these traits used. According to the results of the analysis of the main components, the first two components have the traits of day to maturity, plant height and number of seeds per pod, which can be considered as desirable traits in lentils; which is necessary to confirm the results of the repeat test.

The statistical analysis indicated the agreeable variance based on the seed functionality among the selected genotypes.

Combinining features of the best linear unbiased predictions (BLUP) and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) through “Weighted average of absolutescores of best linear unbiased predictions” (WAASB) index in multi-environment experiments may lead to more percise evaluation of genotypes and assessment of genotype × environment interaction. In the present study, the seed yield stability of 14 advanced lentil lines was evaluated in a multi-environment trials in four locations including; Gachsaran, Khorramabad, Moghan and Ilam, Iran in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 cropping seasons. The experimental design was s randomized complete block design with three replications. Statistical analyzes were performed using multi-environment trials analysis. Considering the significant G×E interaction based on the results of the relative likelihood test (LRT), it was possible to perform BLUP analysis on the data. The highest predicted seed yield by BLUP method belonged to genotype no. 9 followed by genotypes no. 11, 10, 5, which had higher than average predicted seed yield. To enable simultaneous selection based on both seed yield and yield stability, by combining seed yield (Y) and WAASB, a new index “WAASBY” was created. Considering 50% contribution of each of the two components of seed yield and yield stability, eight genotypes showed above average WAASBY. Genoype no. 9 had considerably higher WAASBY when compared with other genotypes and was identified as the best genotype followed by genotypes no. 10, 1, 2, 12, 14, 7 and 13 were ranked respectively. Both control cultivars (genotypes 15 and 16) had lower than average WAASBY. In conclusion, considering WAASBY index, genotypes 9, 10, 1 were identified as genotypes with highe seed yield and yield stability, and can be considered for being released as new lentil cultivars.

Identification of high-yield genotypes with adaptation to a wide range of environments is one of the major goals in crop breeding programs.

 In order to evaluate the yield stability of advanced lentil genotypes, 14 advanced genotypes along with two local cultivars (Gachsaran and Sepehr), were evaluated in four regions of Gachsaran, Khorramabad, Moghan and Ilam, during two cropping years 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. In order to evaluate the yield stability and genotype*environment interaction, the model of “additive main effects and multiplicative interactions” (AMMI) was used.

The results of AMMI analysis of variance showed very significant interaction between genotype and environment. The first two main components of the AMMI model accounted for nearly 70% of GE interaction. ASV statistic in AMMI model showed that genotypes 9, 8, 1 and 12 showed the lowest amount of ASV and therefore the highest stability. Among these genotypes, only genotype 9 , had higher yield than the superior control cultivar (Sepehr). AMMI 1 (PC1 and yield) and AMMI 2 (PC1 and PC2) biplot diagrams showed that genotypes 9 and 10 were identified as genotypes with higher yield and stability (copmared to Sepehr cultivar). Accordingly, genotypes 11 and 5 were the most unstable genotypes. High-yield genotype 11 lacked general adaptation and showed private adaptation to environment 1 and 2 that they belong to Gachsaran region. Genotype 5 showed private adaptation to Khorramabad region. Genotypes 12 and 8 showed lower than average yield despite suitable stability. Based on the biplot diagram of the first two main components, environments 8 and 7 (Ilam) along with 2 and 4 had the largest share in its GE interaction.

Overall, G9 and G10 genotypes due to higher grain yield and stability were determined as superior genotypes.

According to research, emotion regulation therapy is effective on many mental disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of group therapy of emotion regulation on the symptoms of borderline personality disorder.

For the present quasi-experimental and applied research, among women with borderline personality disorder referred to Tohid Psychology Clinic in Isfahan (50 people), 18 volunteers were selected as a sample and randomly divided into 2 groups and a questionnaire. Completed the Lischenring frontier character and the Jackson and Claridge frontier character. The experimental groups then participated in 8 sessions and 2 sessions per week in their programs. Finally, repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that emotion regulation was effective on symptoms, emotional turmoil, frustration, fear of intimacy and impulsivity, but there was no significant difference between reality and dissociative symptoms compared to pre-test.

According to the results, the use of group therapy of emotion regulation to improve the condition of women with borderline personality disorder is recommended.

wheat is the most important crop in the world that human consumes 90% of its products directly. In Iran, wheat is the main crop grown in both irrigated and rainfed forms. According to available statistics, the average area under wheat cultivation is 6 million hectares, of which 3.8 million hectares have been allocated to dry lands. In these lands, water scarcity is the most important factor in reducing wheat yield. On the other hand, the use of chemical fertilizers in such areas to provide the nutrients needed by plants always causes environmental destructive effects. Therefore, it is necessary to study and apply renewable resources and inputs that maximize crop productivity and reduce environmental hazards. Arbuscular-Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is one of the beneficial microorganisms that are able to activate symbiotic relationships with the majority of land plants. AM symbiosis has a positive influence on plant growth, which is mainly attributable to the ability of AM fungi to take up from the soil both water and nutrients especially phosphorous (P), and to a lesser extent nitrogen (N) and deliver them to the roots of its host, and also to enhance the health of its host by protecting it from pathogens, pests, and parasitic plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphorous chemical fertilizer and symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi on yield and yield components of different cultivars of durum wheat under rainfed conditions of Ilam.

This experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Sarableh Agricultural Research station (33° 45´ N latitude, 34° 46´ E longitude, and around 975 m above sea level) during growing season 2018-2019. Experiment factors consisted of four cultivars of durum wheat (Dehdasht, Zahab, Savarz and Saji) and five levels of fertilizer source (control, 25 and 50 kg.ha-1 P, mycorrhizal fungi (GM), mycorrhizal fungi + 25 kg.ha-1 P). Studied traits were plant height, spike length, spike weight, spikes.m-2, no. of spikelet per spike, no. of grain per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biomass yield and harvest index. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) were performed using SAS version 9.1.

The results indicated that the simple effect of fertilizer sources on all of traits including plant height, spike length, spike weight, spikes.m-2, no. of spikelet per spike, no. of grain per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biomass yield and harvest index was significantly. So that, treatment of mycorrhizal fungi + 25 kg.ha-1 P had the highest influence at increasing studied traits among other treatments. The results also showed that Saji and Zahab cultivars showed more resistance to drought stress than other cultivars and had the better yield. The interaction effect of cultivars and fertilizer sources revealed that the combined use of phosphorous fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi had better results compared to their use alone. So that, the highest yield of durum wheat with 4238 kg.ha-1 was obtained at Saji cultivar along with application of mycorrhizal fungi + 25 kg.ha-1 P. Generally, it is concluded that application of mycorrhizal and phosphorous fertilizer increased yield and yield components due to their roles in root growth and phosphorous uptake.

The use of biofertilizer technology is especially important for the management of soil phosphorous in soils with a lack of phosphorous and soil moisture. The results of this study showed that in rainfed cultivation, the use of phosphorous fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi can have a positive effect on increasing the yield of durum wheat due to their role in increasing the plant root system and thus more water absorption and nutrients. However, the results of this study clearly indicated that the combined use of phosphorous fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi had better results compared to their use alone. So that, the highest of spike weight, no. of grain per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and biomass yield obtained at Saji cultivar along with application of mycorrhizal fungi + 25 kg.ha-1 P and the lowest value these traits recorded in Savarz cultivar along with control treatment.

In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizl fungi on dry matter remobilization of barley in dryland conditions, a field experiment has been carried out in factorial analysis based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm station of Sarablah Agricultural Research Cente, Ilam during 2019-2020 cropping season. Experimental factors include different barley cultivars (Mahali, Mahoor, Khoram, and Fardan) and fertilizer application is the control (without fertilizer application), 50% P chemical fertilizer, mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum and Rhizophagus irregularis), mycorrhizal fungi along with 50% P chemical fertilizer and 100% P chemical fertilizer. The results of this study indicate that the interaction of cultivar along with fertilizer application have had significant influence on dry matter remobilization efficiency from spike, contribution of spike reserves to grain yield, dry matter remobilization efficiency from stem, contribution of stem reserves to grain yield, current photosynthesis rate, contribution of current photosynthesis, and grain filling rate. Thus, the interaction of Fardan cultivar and mycorrhizal fungi along with 50% P chemical fertilizer has had the highest dry matter remobilization effeciency from spike, contribution of spike reserves to grain yield, current photosynthesis rate, contribution of current photosynthesis, and grain filling rate. In return, in this study the highest stem dry matter remobilization effeciency, contribution of stem reserves to grain yield, have been obtained from the interaction of Mahali cultivar along with control treatment. According to the results, in dryland conditions of the region, new cultivar of Fardan as well as mycorrhizal fungi along with 50% P chemical fertilizer can be recommended.

To study genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction effects for seed yield on chickpea, eighteen chickpea genotypes were evaluated in four locations (Khoramabad, Ilam, Gachsaran, and Gonbad) for two cropping seasons (2014-2016). The experiment were conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Combined analysis of variance for seed  yield showed that the main effects of location, year,location ×year , genotype, genotype × year, genotype × location, genotype× year× location interaction effect, were highly significant. Location and year  main effect were the main source of variation that accounted for 86.1% of the total yield variation. Analysis of variance of additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) showed that the first two IPCAs were significant and explained 79.3% of the total yield variation. The results of AMMI (ASV) stability values indicated that for seed yield, genotypes 16, 4, 6 and 1 had the lowest value and therefore the highest general stable for all test environments and genotype G10 with a value of 12.89 of the highest were highly adapted to environment (E4). Based on the values of the first two principal components, AMMI stability value (ASV) and genotype stability index (GSI), genotypes G12,G13 and G6 were identified as the most stable medium yielding genotype respectively (1438.9,1266.3 and 1434.2  kg / ha) and the closest genotype to ideal genotype.

In order to investigate the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on grain yield and gas exchange of new dryland wheat cultivars, a factorial field experiment was counducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications on the farms of Sarablah Agricultural Research Center in the cropping seson during 2019-2020. Experimental treatments include different wheat cultivars (Sardari, Karim, Koohdasht and Rijo) and treatment of different fertilizer sources including: control (without fertilizer source), 50% N fertilizer, Azospirillum + 50% N fertilizer, Azetobacter + 50% N fertilizer, Azospirillum + Azetobacter + 50% N fertilizer and 100% N fertilizer. The results of this study showed that the interaction of cultivar×different fertilizer sources was significant on grain yield, yield components as well as gas exchanges of dryland wheat. the highest grains.spike-1 (80%), 1000-grain weight (33.3%), grain yield (86.3%), biological yield (79.9%), photosynthesis rate (81.8%), transpiration rate (74.8%), mesophilic conductance (85%), photosynthetic water use efficiency (42.3%) was obtained from the interaction of Rijo× Azospirillum+Azetobacter +50% N fertilizer and the lowest value of these traits was related to the interaction between Sardari cultivar control treatment (without fertilizer source).

In order to investigate the effect of genotype, environment and the interaction of genotype × environment, for seed yield, 18 lentil genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications in four environments (Khorramabad, Gachsaran, Ilam and Gonbad) during three years (2014-2017) Were evaluated. Based on combined analysis of variance, the main effects of location, genotype and genotype × location and genotype × location × year interactions were significant. The results of combined analysis of variance for different environments showed that environment, genotype and genotype × environment interaction for Showed seed yield. According to the results of AMMI analysis of variance, the environment was the main source of change, which accounted for 83.6% of the total squares. The results of AMMI analysis of variance also showed that the four-component interaction effect on seed yield was significant. The first two main components of the AMMI model accounted for 52.56% of the total yield variance. The results of AMMI stability values (ASV) showed that for seed yield, the genotypes including G8, G7, G9, G18, G6, G16 and G17 had the lowest values and therefore the highest general stability to all experimental environments. Genotype G5 with ASV value of 33.7 was highest private stability to the second environment (E2). Among the genotypes with the lowest ASV, only G6 and G16 genotypes had higher average seed yield than the average of all genotypes. Based on the values of the first two principal components, AMMI (ASV) stability value and genotype stability index (GSI), the genotypes G6, G1 and G13 were identified as the most stable genotypes, and the closest genotypes to the ideal genotype.

In order to investigate the effect of growth-promoting bacteria on physiologic traitsof new dryland wheat cultivars, a factorial field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications on the farms of Sarablah Agricultural Research Center in the cropping season during 2019-2020. Experimental treatments included different wheat cultivars (Sardari, Karim, Koohdasht, and Rijaw) and different fertilizer sources including control (without fertilizer source), 50% N fertilizer, Azospirillum+50% N fertilizer, Azetobacter + 50% N fertilizer, Azospirillum + Azetobacter+50% N fertilizer, and 100% N fertilizer. The results of this experiment showed that the interaction effect of cultivar × fertilizer sources had a significant effect on the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and physiological properties. Rijaw cultivar × Azospirillum + Azetobacter+ 50% N fertilizer increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (80.9%), glutathione peroxidase (80%), catalase (71.7%), peroxidase (74.1%), superoxide dismutase (74%), carotenoids (72.1%), chlorophyll a (86.1%), chlorophyll b (88.2%), and relative water content (45.4%) while reduced the amount of Malondialdehyde (65.9%) and hydrogen peroxide (91.8%). Moreover, Sardari cultivar × control treatment (without fertilizer sources) had the lowest activities of ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and photosynthetic pigments. Therefore, according to the results of the study, wheat cultivar Rijaw × Azospirillum + Azetobacter+ 50% N fertilizer may be recommended for cultivation in dryland conditions considering the improved physiological characteristics and ultimately increased plant growth.

The purpose of this study was to identify genotype of high yielding and stable types in different environmental conditions. The experiment was conducted using eighteen chickpea genotypes in randomized complete bloch design with three replications in four agricultural research stations i.e. lorestan Ilam,gachsaran and Gonbad ,two successive cropping seasons (2014-2016) in autumn planting under rainfed conditions. The highest average seed yield (2911.5 kg.ha-1) was obtained at Lorestan in 2015 -16 and the lowest (742.9 kg.ha-1) was at Ilam in 2014-15. The highest and lowest average seed yield obtained in G2(1509.4 kg.ha-1) and G13 (1266.3 kg.ha-1), genotypes, respectively.The contribution of E, G, and GEI to the total variation in seed yield was about 87.7%, 0.65 % and 11.64%, respectively. The GEI was partitioned using GGE biplot model. According to singular value partitioning, the first two principal components explained PC1=36.6% and PC2=19.5% of total variations in data of seed yield. On the basis of GGE biplots, G2, G6 and G12 had high seed yield and yield stability as compared to the other genotypes.Genotypes G2,G17,G12,G4 and G6 were stable genotypes .On the other hand , genotype G2 had higher seed yield and , on the other hand , showed higher yield stability and was showed to be superior genotype compared to other.

To investigate the responses of some physiological parameters of two wheat cultivars to Salicylic acid under variable moisture condition, an Split split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Research Center of Sarableh, Ilam during 2014-2015 cropping season. Experimental factors included Moisture treatments in three levels (control (100), 70 and 40 % Field capacity) In the main plots, Salicylic acid in three levels (0, 50 and 100 µM) in the sub plot and two wheat cultivar (Bahar and Pishtaz) in sub sub plot. Studied traits in this study included yield, Relative Water Content, Stomatal conductance, Rubisco activity, Photosynthetic rate, Transpiration rate, Electrolyte leakage and Sub stomatal CO2 concentration. The results showed that Triple interaction between drought stress, salicylic acid and Cultivars on all traits was significant. Although By increasing drought stress yield and Relative Water Content was significantly decreased, while the use of salicylic acid in this situation improve these traits. Also by increasing drought stress Electrolyte leakage were decreased, but the use of salicylic acid improved that. Photosynthetic rate and Rubisco activity By increasing salicylic acid Decreased In comparison with control. In general, given the role of salicylic acid in reducing the negative impact of stress on some physiological processes that studied in this research, its application in drought conditions is advisable.

In order to study the effect of nourishment with chemical bio-fertilizer and manure fertilizers on agro-physiologic characteristics and weed density of maize , an experiment was conducted a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Field Station of Mehran during 2014-2015 cropping season. Nitrogen chemical fertilizer (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% recommended) was assigned as a main plots and Nitroxin bio-fertilizer (Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum), manure fertilizer (20ton/ha), co-application of manure and bio-fertilizer and check (without application of biological fertilizer and manure) treatment were arranged as a sub plots. Number of grain per row, number of grain per ear, ear length, plant height, a chlorophyll, b chlorophyll, relative water content, weed density and weed dry weed were significantly affected by main effects of nitrogen and co-application of bio-fertilizer and manure. n this study, interaction effct of nitrogen and co-application of bio-fertilizer and manure had effect on row er ear, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. The highest row per ear (20.6 ear), 1000-grain weight (237.3 g), grain yield (11900 kg/ha), biological yield (24690 kg/ha) and harvest index (48.4%) observed in 75 and 100% of nitrogen chemical fertilizer and o-application of bio-fertilizer and manure.