فهرست مطالب bahram parvin gonabadi

Sociological analysis and evaluation of literary works, especially contemporary poetry, through obtaining the intellectual background and possible awareness and worldview of the poet, reveals the various intellectual structures of the society of which the artist is considered a member. Natural symbols, which are taken from the world around the poet, can reflect the worldview of the poet in a sociological reading. This research aims to achieve the dominant intellectual system in the thought of these poets by analyzing contemporary poetry and natural symbols in the poetry of Mahdi Akhwan Al-Talihi, Ahmad Shamlou and Forough Farrokhzad based on Lewis Goldman"s sociological theory.

In its sociological perspective, the forward-looking essay has used the descriptive-analytical library method and has reread the text of the selected poems in the framework of the theory of sociological criticism with a focus on the works and writings of Lucien Goldman.

Lucien Goldman, a famous sociologist, relies on his theory of developmental structuralism to decode and analyze the society reflected in literary works and emphasizes that literary works create the society within itself with all its hidden and visible angles and dimensions. he does. The third brotherhood, Shamlou and Farrokhzad are all three poets whose sociological attention to various aspects and angles of life, problems, political and cultural atmosphere of the society can be followed in their poems.

The results of this research show that all three poets, especially in the second period of their poetry and from a year after the coup d"etat of August 28, 1332, reacted against the social categories of the era and as an activist, political activist and social critic, they were able to deal with contradictions, ruins, poverty. , express injustice, tyranny, etc. with symbolism with the help of natural elements in an effective way and present a clear picture of the second Pahlavi society.

Saadiology is a broad field that examines Saadi's aphorisms, texts, and ideas in different spheres. As Saadi's sensationalism and elaboration are prominently based on love and mysticism, these concepts are essential to the narrative. The critical and analytical works in this area differ markedly and convincingly. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of alternative perspectives in Saadiology in the context of recognizing the requirements of noble research from an overview of 19 articles published over the last decade. Furthermore, the present study aimed to explore reliable reasons for different attitudes and discover real and non-real love priorities. Additionally, it was conducted in objective and reader-response critisim as well as quantitative method. This research has been done by descriptive analitical method by studying articles and related library resources and the results show that although the relevant studies in Saadiology maintain inconsistent views, they remain a comprehensive resource for scholars.

The study of the works of poets and writers based on literary theories has paved the way for the study of various aspects of literature, and this is how theories are applied in the works. Such studies and their application in different languages and literatures are a good field to make these theories more tangible and objective. Linguistic metaphysics is one of the new theories of literary criticism that has been articulated within the school of Russian formalism. Yusuf al-Khal and Ahmad Shamloo are two other great and almost contemporary poets in Arabic and Persian literature who have used abnormalities and de-familiarization in their poems. Vocabulary aberration (creating a new word that is an evasion of syntactic rules And the meaning changes the appearance of words and phrases and makes the poem seemingly abnormal in this article. And while showing the written aberrations, at the end, the poet's use of abnormalities is depicted in the form of a diagram.

Each of the literary arts and crafts, if it lacks the element of creative art, shows itself only on the level of a work and remains as an imitation of the works before them! The industry of allusion, which is one of the most widely used literary techniques, is no exception, and the more artistic innovations in it, the greater its impact on the audience. Due to the fact that the industry of allusion reached a certain development and expansion in the Indian style, the poets of this period, including Biddle Dehlavi, also used this industry in their lyric poems. But at the same time, Biddle's view of allusion is not like that of his predecessors and contemporaries! Although Biddle is less Carterian in his use of the industry than his contemporaries, he has tried to innovate as much as he has. In this article, we have examined examples of Biddle's novel themes in Persian poetic allusions, which in many of the repetitive allusions used in Persian poetry, have added components to these allusions that before him, other poets from These angles did not look at the allusion.

 Hint is one of the most widely used literary techniques. Many literary industries may be vacant in the collection of poems of early or late poets, but the industry commonly found in poetry is allusive. Due to the fact that allusion has undergone a special change and expansion in the Indian style, Bidel Dehlavi, like other poets of the Indian style, used this industry in his lyric poems; At the same time, his view of allusion was not like that of his earlier and contemporary poets. Although Bidel is less efficient in using the industry than his contemporaries, he has tried to innovate more. In this article, by describing some of the verses in which the allusion is used, an attempt has been made to solve the semantic problems of these verses as much as possible and for those who are interested to have a better understanding of the themes of this famous poet.

 The method of work in this research, like most researches in the field of humanities, is descriptive-analytical and the use of library resources.

 Bidel is one of the least useful poets of Indian style in the use of Iranian allusions. But in his lyric poems, the names of lovers such as Majnoon and Farhad, along with Shirin and Lily, have a high frequency. Instead, Islamic teachings have a considerable frequency in his poems. Unlike the poems and Masnavi, which have made significant themes from the allusion to the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), Bidel has alluded to prophets such as Moses, Jesus, Jacob, and Joseph in his sonnets.

 Most of Bidel"s use of the allusion industry has been done by his capture of the narrative, story, and story in question, and more importantly, he has almost always had his own interpretation of the subject. In fact, in almost all cases, the use of allusion in his sonnets is associated with conveying a moral-religious message, even if we are dealing with a romantic story. He has also occasionally combined allusion with industries such as simile, equation, irony, paradox, and metaphor.

Abnormality, that is, deviation from the rules governing the language of the norm and non-conformity with the standard and conventional language, which causes the dynamics of the language, which has caused poets in different languages ​​to show great interest in this way. Abnormality as an outstanding linguistic technique can enrich poetry and bring it to the border of poetry. This technique can be manifested in various components of poetry. In this regard, an attempt has been made to examine this issue in the divan of the four poets considered in this research, namely Yousef Al-Khal, Boland Al-Heydari, Nima Yoshij and Ahmad Shamloo as a poet-making element.From the commonalities of the poems of these four poets, the high frequency of semantic aberrations in their poems and what is evident is that these poets in their time were considered as poets breaking the tradition and the voice of protest and anger of the society in which they lived. They have reflected with this type of norm-breaking, and thus each of them has been introduced as a poet with a style, and in the same way, they have attracted their audience to them.

Stylistics is of special importance as a science that examines the different domains of a work and its creator, relying on the objective and real issues in the text. This knowledge shows its values ​​when the studied work is also considered in terms of the presence or antiquity of the author, and because many works written in the Safavid era are known only as a manuscript and a place beyond the "catalogs". Have not been found or the introduction and correction and expression of stylistic features in its various layers include important cultural features that pave the way for cross-textual research and other literary sciences. In addition, it sometimes reveals historical and social manifestations. Sheikh Allameh ibn Ail Danieli is an unknown poet among the many poets of the Safavid era who not only he but also his works have remained unknown. In this study, while introducing the manuscript of the book "Jawahar al-Adraj and Zawahir al-Abraj", we have examined the ode at the end of this poem from different stylistic points of view so that readers can compare the evolution of the tenth century ode"s poem with later periods.

In this research, the poet ode"s poem has been studied in different fields of stylistics (linguistic, literary and intellectual).

In phonetic studies, it is revealed that the weight of the ode has changed drastically and has been composed according to the most frequent weights of the ode. The music of the poem has a natural state, and the words lead the ode to the poet"s naturalism rather than to the audience"s attention to mystical matters. Mystical terms have only a theoretical dimension and the poet has used them based on his information and resources. Since the period of the poet is the period of the domination of religion and Shari"a, the existence of praises which is one of the principles of the ode is about the Prophet (PBUH) and Ali (AS) with the only difference that he is not present in this ode and is not alive. Its condition is not found in this poem as it was used in the poems of previous periods.

The frequency of tangible and objective words shows that the poet, in spite of using mystical terms, is a bold poet and seeks to make tangible and tangible things perceptible by using objective words. The high frequency of words related to nature indicates the poet"s interest in nature and elements. He is a poet who opposes politicians and criticizes and judges their oppression in this story.

Fatalism is one of the major discourses in the field of literature. In many of his actions, man accepts the free will consciously and unconsciously, but when he fails to resort to fate and believes in and speaks of the supreme will that has finally subjugated him. Whereas, based on the theories of theorists such as Yule, Brown and Fairclough, discourse analysis is applied to language, it cannot be limited to describing linguistic statements that are independent of the purposes and functions that these statements are designed to address in human affairs. , Given the high frequency of words like "fortune" in the books of many poets and writers, these words should be regarded as "signified" words that carry the meta-semantic and transnational concept, rooted in the subconscious and ideology of their speakers. In this article I will attempt to examine the relationship of these words in "Eghbalname" and "Makhzan -al-asrar” ‘s Nezami poem with Zurvanian fatalism thinking and to analyze the discourse based on Norman Fairclough 's theory of analysis. In this article, while discussing these vocabulary, the persistence and effect of Zurvanian -Mehri fatalism on the thoughts and works of writers and poets, as well as the transmission of this thinking to later periods are discussed.

Fatalism is one of the major discourses in the field of literature. In many of his actions, man accepts the ‎‎free will consciously and unconsciously, but when he fails to resort to fate and believes in and speaks of ‎‎the supreme will that has finally subjugated him. Whereas, based on the theories of theorists such as ‎‎Yule, Brown and Fairclough, discourse analysis is applied to language, it cannot be limited to describing ‎‎linguistic statements that are independent of the purposes and functions that these statements are ‎‎designed to address in human affairs. , Given the high frequency of words like "fortune" in the books of ‎‎many poets and writers, these words should be regarded as "signified" words that carry the meta-‎‎semantic and transnational concept, rooted in the subconscious and ideology of their speakers. In this ‎‎article I will attempt to examine the relationship of these words in "Haft peykar” ‘s Nezami poem with ‎Zurvanian fatalism thinking and to analyze the discourse based on Norman ‎Fairclough 's theory of ‎analysis. In this article, while discussing these vocabulary, the persistence and ‎effect of Zoroastrian-‎Mehri fatefulness on the thoughts and works of writers and poets, as well as the ‎transmission of this ‎thinking to later periods are discussed‎

Brotherhood and Brotherhood is one of the long-standing varieties of Persian literature and one of the subdivisions of rich literature that the writers of the early Persian literature have been paying attention to. The theme of the Brotherhood is very broad, but it revolves around the axes of praise from friends of kindness, friendly greetings, the splendor of private characters, complaining of day and night, humor and humor. Scholars and scholars of Persian literature have not paid much attention to this literary sub genre and have done little research in this field. Chlorine, its investigation and its various species and some rhetorical techniques have been shown. The findings of this study show that the development of various communication tools in the past has not diminished the prosperity of the Brotherhood, and despite the many changes that the construction of letters and friendly dances has seen in the present century, the tradition of Brotherhood is still observed. . From a close perspective, the results of the study show that the author of this book, and in particular the Brotherhood's letters, pay particular attention to the genres, especially the derivation crimes - which are important in rhetoric - and that the genre is a high frequency point. Attention to the elements of nature, phonetics and repetition are other influential techniques of the text. Also, the Khorasani style of verbs and the use of verbs more in the style of Khorasani are of the style and linguistic features of this brotherhood.

The present study compared of effectiveness of indigenous model of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy focused on compassion with non-indigenous model in the same treatment in PTSD on women. The method of this research is experimental and included a pretest-posttest study with two experimental and one control groups. The statistical population included 200 volunteer women who referred to the “Avaye Dousti” Psychological Clinic in the period from Oct 2018 to Des 2018 that invited to this study trough recall. Afterward, 42 individuals selected voluntarily and randomly divided into three groups. The first experimental group subjected to 8 sessions of 120-minute treatment of indigenous model of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) focused on Compassion and the second group was treated using the same treatment as non-indigenous model. The control group didn't receive any intervention. In order to evaluation, both DSM V diagnostic criteria for PTSD and Mississippi scale questionnaire were used. In order to analyze the data, Descriptive Statistics, Analysis of Covariance and pairwise comparison by SIDAK, were used. The findings indicated that the mean difference in 3 subscales of problem in interpersonal communication, problem of emotional inhabitation and depression in the group effected by the indigenous model has more than the non-indigenous model. There was no difference in the penetrating memories subscale, and no changes were observed in the control group.

Story is the common ground between literature and many arts.  Arts such as theatre, cinema, painting, and music, yet in order for the story to be translated into screenplay it must have certain features which the most principal one is the pictorial quality of the literary tale in question since the image and the picture emanated from the poet’s or the author’s description is the most animated element which leads the spectator to understand time and place orientation.  Hence employing descriptive analytic method attempt is made in this article to concentrate on the elements of “image” and “story” which are the most significant structural factors in the formation of the screenplay.  This research also deals with the competence and capabilities of the Shahnameh stories to be turned into screenplay forms.  For this reason the discussion is begun by defining terms such as picture whether epic or cinematic, story, and screenplay. Then the screenplay’s narrative structure which is more based on the pictorial and narrative elements such as scene, character, plot, theme, and dialogue is classified and described, finally by bringing examples from the Rostam and Esfandyar tale and correspondence of its structure with the structure of the screenplay together with giving examples of illustration in the tale the research comes to its end.  The result of the search shows that Shahnameh Ferdowsi in particular the tale of Rostam and Esfandyar due to Ferdowsi’s accounts composed according to epic features is capable to go hand in hand with cinema.  Hence in order to change into a cinematic screenplay Shahnameh could be investigated in terms of image, scenery and characterization.

There was no purely scientific criterion in Western Islamic studies in the form of an encyclopedia. The aims of post-colonial Western studies, the methodology, and the unbalanced pay-off of religious beliefs in Islam are sympathetic to this claim. After the Islamic Revolution, the encyclopedias compiling in Islam aims to offset the shortcomings of Western research by adopting a normative study approach and a defensive and discursive approach, pursuing Shiite and Iranian identity aspirations, such as specifying the type, amount, and citations of entries in Iranian Encycloperias, It went beyond mere encyclopedic standards and included elements such as completeness and belief motives. Investigating the distribution of references, diversity of sources and the quantity of theological entries in the encyclopedia of Islam (as a Western example) in comparison with the Encyclopedia of the World of Islam (as an Iranian example) in terms of attention to Shia intelle.ctual and cultural heritage (specifically Shiite theology and Imamiyyah elements) is significantly different. In the encyclopedia of Islam, theological entries are limited to 404 entries, while in the Encyclopedia of the World of Islam there are 749 entries, and it has concentetated on Shiite theology entries and Iranian topics, independently and extensively. Theological articles in the Encyclopedia of Islam do not refer to any Shiite sources and all references are Sunni sources, while the religious distribution of the sources in the Encyclopedia of the World of Islam does not suffer from this contradiction.

Fatalism is one of the issues in the field of philosophy of science that has found its way into literature. Based on the assessments of the academics' hypothesis, structuralism is the analysis of language in the habit of words. In this method, the features of a language are codes, and the language system cannot be limited to describing linguistic forms independent of transnational functions. Given the high frequency of the word “Fortune” in the scripts of poets, these words should be considered as figurative words that are rooted in the subconscious of their utterers. In this article, the relationship between such words in "Makhzan –al asrar "and Zorvani's fatalism is observed and the method of analysis based on the theory of structuralism is the spotting of words at the meta-semantic level. While observing these words, the effect of fate on the thoughts of poets and their transfer to later periods has been discussed. In the end, it is concluded by presenting evidence that although Nezami expresses Ash'ari theological opinions, but when using words such as Bakht; It follows the pattern of Zorvani-Zoroastrian believed.

The aim of the present article is study two famous author's works - Sadegh Hedayat and Haruki Murakami from ontological point of view (death and life); the emphasis of the author of the article is on two works: "The Blind Owl" and’ Kafka on the Shore’ in order to find the similarities and differences in both works. The method is documental, librarian and note taking. Initially some notes were taken on thinking elements and then have been analyzed. The analyses show that both authors have more similarities rather than differences. Both views are close to existentialism because both know life mortal and finite. The atmosphere of their work is death, loneliness, hatred and pessimism. Both author's works are in surrealism method.