mohammad taghi aghdasi

The socioeconomic status of the family is one of the most important environmental factors that affects the fetus, newborn, and child at different periods. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate the ability to predict the socioeconomic status of the family from various perceptual-motor skills of 7-8-year-old girls. In this retrospective study, 113 7-8-year-old girls were examined in two groups with appropriate (55 people) and inappropriate (58 people) socioeconomic status. The socioeconomic status assessment questionnaire, Stay in Step screening test, part of the Broninek-Ozeretsky test, and visual search test were used. Data analysis was also performed with discriminant analysis at a significance level of 0.05 and SPSS 23 software. Statistical findings showed that there was a significant difference between the groups with good and bad socioeconomic status in gross motor skills (all variables), hand-foot and hand-eye coordination, fine motor skills (only coins), and perceptual-motor skills only in items that measured mainly more difficult skills (with a large number of confounders = 64). Gross motor skills and motor coordination in girls with bad socioeconomic status were 93% accurate, while fine motor skills and perceptual-motor skills in girls with good socioeconomic status were 71% and 76% accurate, respectively. Gross motor skills and hand-eye coordination and hand-foot coordination were better accurate for children with bad socioeconomic status.

The present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of students' learning styles and emotional intelligence in learning the setting skill in a cooperative method.

The research method was a quasi-experimental type, in which 48 female students in the first stage of high school were selected conveniently and were assigned into one of four groups: divergent learning style with low/high emotional intelligence and convergent learning style with low/high emotional intelligence. After the pre-test and passing the course in an educational environment by using the cooperative learning model, the participants took part in the immediate retention, retention, and transfer tests. The measurement tools were Kolb's learning styles questionnaires, Goleman's emotional intelligence questionnaires, and the French and Cooper volleyball tests. In the data analysis, the mean and standard deviation were used in the descriptive statistics section; and in the inferential statistics section, the analysis of variance with repeated measurements and mixed model (4x4) were used at a significance level of 0.05.

The findings indicate that there is a significant difference between the amount of immediate retention, retention, and transfer of volleyball setting skills in a cooperative way in groups with convergent and divergent learning styles and with high and low emotional intelligence; as in the immediate retention, retention, and transfer stages of the group with divergent learning style and high emotional intelligence got the highest score and the group with convergent learning style and low emotional intelligence got the lowest score.

it is important to pay attention to the role of learning styles and emotional intelligence of students in teaching setting skills. In addition, it seems that the cooperative learning model is considered a suitable method to use during sports hours.

The purpose of this research was the relationship between perfectionism and mental toughness with reaction to failure in male and female athletes of Zanjan city.

The current research was of the type of contextual research and correlation design. The statistical population of all organized male and female athletes of Zanjan city was 8000 people. A statistical sample of 315 athletes was selected by cluster random sampling in G-POWER software. Variables measurement tools included: sports multidimensional perfectionism scale (Gatvales et al. 2010), reactivity to emotional experiences questionnaire (Matau and Nock 2008) and sports mental toughness questionnaire (2010). After collecting the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation statistical method, as well as the statistical method of regression analysis and analysis of variance with a confidence level of 0.95 and using SPSS version 25 software, and research hypotheses were tested.

Perfectionism and mental toughness with a correlation of 0.095 and mental toughness and reaction to failure with a correlation of 0.065 were at a significant level of P<0.05 and there was no significant relationship. But the components of perfectionism and reaction to failure had a positive and significant relationship with a correlation of 0.344 and a significance level of 0.001.

By decreasing the level of perfectionism, people's emotional reaction to failure also increases, and also by increasing perfectionism, the reaction to failure increases, and if we can adjust the perfectionism of athletes at a favorable level in stressful situations and in stressful competitions, people's emotional reactions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor skills (fine and gross) with academic performance (reading and math) by considering the mediating role of cognitive ability (processing speed and working memory). The sample consisted of 200 children (50% girls) aged six and seven years from Tehran who participated in this study in the available academic year of 2017-2018. Fine and gross motor skills were assessed using the Bronnix-Ozeretsky-II test, academic achievement was assessed using the Wechsler Individual Success Test, and cognitive ability was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. The results showed a positive relationship between all components of motor skills, cognitive ability and academic achievement (P <0.05). Structural equation modeling analysis also revealed that processing speed and working memory improve academic performance by being influenced by fine and gross motor skills. Therefore, processing speed and working memory play a mediating role in this regard. The results of this study show that in the early years of school and in preschool age, attention to motor skills can play a significant role in improving academic performance. Hence the importance of improving motor skills becomes more apparent.

This study aimed to investigate the psychological impact of public sports with the moderating effect of place attachment and cognitive styles. For this purpose, 223 athletes in public sports centers of Tabriz were selected by the available sampling method and completed the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire, place Attachment of Kyle et al, And the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) of Vitkin et al. Since Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p> 0.05) did not confirm the hypothesis of normality of the data, the data were analyzed by Spearman correlation, Kruskal-Wallis and regression with the alpha of 0.05. The results of the correlation test showed that there is a high correlation between place attachment and mental health considering the subscales. Univariate regression analysis also showed that place attachment predicts 0.95 units of mental health variable, which means predicting 95% of changes in this variable. This means that by increasing a standard deviation in the place attachment score, the mental health score will be reduced 0.97 Standard deviations. On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between cognitive style and mental health of the subjects considering the subscales. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test also showed no significant difference between three different groups of cognitive style in the scores of mental health variable by considering subscales at the 0.05 test level. Therefore, according to the results, it can conclude that place attachment as a modulating variable affects people's mental health scores.

The impact of IQ on academic achievement has been confirmed, but its effect on the effectiveness of motion interventions is unknown. The present study examines the effects of Indigenous- Local play on the Motor proficiency of children with high and low IQ. Therefore, using Raven's Inventory, among 13-13 year-old children in Tehran, 15 high-intelligence children and 15 low-intelligence children were selected and trained in Indigenous- Local play for eight weeks. Bruninx-Oseretsky test was used before and after the exercise to assess the Motor proficiency. The results showed that although both groups benefited from the intervention, the impact of intervention on children with high IQ was higher. The results of this study, with the emphasis on the use of indigenous-local play in schools for motor development, also recommends that sports talent specialists use intelligence as an indicator of talent identification.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of cognitive styles on the amount of explicit and implicit learning, in order to find out whether cognitive style can be effective in the superiority of people's performance. This research was semi-experimental and its design included four pre-test and post-test groups. The participants of the present study were undergraduate physical education students of Tabriz University with an age range of (18-23) years. As a result of classification into four groups (12 people in each group) 1. Filed dependent-explicit learning 2. Filed dependent-implicit learning 3. Field independent-explicit learning 4. Field independent-implicit learning were. Hidden images group test was used to identify cognitive styles, and sequential reaction time was measured to study learning functions. In this study, ANOVA was used to examine the possible differences in pre-tests and learning stages and to investigate the possible differences within the group in the learning stages, analysis of variance with repeated measures at a significance level of 0.05 was used. The results showed that in the filed dependent-implicit learning and filed independent explicit learning groups there was a significant difference between the pre-test stages with other stages and also in filed dependent-explicit learning and field independent-implicit groups there was a significant difference between the pre-test and retention stages. Comparing the results of the pre-test, acquisition, retention and transfer stages, it was observed that all groups performed better in the retention stage. According to the studied variable, individuals needed more time to perform the movement in the pre-test or the speed of movement had improved in the memorization stage, and also the exercise had improved the performance in all groups.

In this study, the effect of linear and non-linear training methods on kinetic variables in basketball landing was investigated, and changes in force and moment from pre-test to post-test were evaluated. The present study was a quasi-experimental experiment, and clinical research method. Participants were 24 students who were selected from Kharazmi University by available methods. They practiced basketball skills in two groups of linear and non-linear for 16 sessions. In the linear method, the presentation of patterns and feedback was used for training, and in the non-linear method, the manipulation of constraints was used. The variables measured included VGRF, knee flexion/extension moment, knee valgus moment, and ankle dorsiflexion moment. The results of the covariance analysis showed that the nonlinear method has a significantly better effect on all kinetic variables compared to the linear method (p<0.05). The results of this study consider nonlinear methods as an effective strategy in clinical settings, and emphasize on the role of constraint manipulation in practice and learning environments, and highlight that nonlinear methods, with focusing on exploration and search for solutions, to prevent ACL injuries efficiently by affecting kinetic variables.

Goal setting as a cognitive intervention enhances performance. However, self-controlled goal setting during the learning process has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of self-controlled and coach-controlled performance goal setting on soccer passing learning, focusing on choice theory.

The participants were 30 boys aged 18 to 28 years who did not participate in organized soccer training. First, the participants completed a pre-test and then participated in a quasi-experimental design and they were systematicallyassigned into one of three self-controlled performance goal setting, coachcontrolled performance goal setting, and control groups. After 15 training sessions,the acquisition test was taken immediately, and then after 72 hours, the retention and transfer tests were taken.

The results of the 2×3 (stage × group) analysis of variance showed that although the performance of the groups improved in the acquisition test, there was no significant difference between them. Also, one-way analysis of variance showed a difference between the groups in both retention and transfer phases and Tukey's post hoc test showed that both the self-controlled and coach-controlled goal-setting intervention groups performed better than the control group and the differences were significant.

The findings of the research indicate that self-controlled and coachcontrolled performance goal-setting groups perform better than the control group and self-controlled goal-setting has more advantages than other groups. It is suggested to use a self-controlled goal-setting strategy in training protocol.

Researchers have recognized that the brain responds to sports activities and can increase learning and memory function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare working memory and sports activity of physical education and non-physical education students of Al-Zahra University.A causal-comparative study was conducted in an accessible manner with a statistical sample of 75 students (39 physical education, 36 non-physical education and age range 18 to 35 years) of Al-Zahra University in the academic year 1398. Demographic questionnaires, Edinberg excellence and NB software were also used. The results showed that physical education students had significantly higher sports experience than non-physical education students and reported a lower average age. The findings also showed that physical education students reported lower mean working memory speed and higher average working memory accuracy than non-physical education students; Despite these findings, students did not differ significantly in the variables of working memory speed with a significant level (P = 0.16) and working memory accuracy with a significant level (P = 0.39) in working memory task.According to the statistical results of the analysis of research hypotheses and the difference between the means at the level of descriptive statistics, researchers acknowledge that exercise can have a positive effect on students' working memory; Therefore, it is suggested that universities in order to improve the level of sports activity of non-physical education students in holding extracurricular sports courses to improve working memory.

The present study was conducted to investigate the moderating effect of personality type on badminton skill learning in the random and blocked methods.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a four-group post-test-pre-test design. The statistical population was the students of Tabriz University who used Friedman and Rosenman questionnaires to select individuals with personality types A and B, and each personality type was divided into two groups with blocked and random training. The acquisition test was conducted in ten sessions, and in each session three packages of twenty trials were administered, as well as a retention and transfer test 48 hours after acquisition. Data were analysed by repeated measures analysis of variance.

The blocked method had a significant advantage over the random method in the acquisition of the learning material and the personality type of the learners did not play a role. There was no significant difference in retention performance between the 4 groups (P=0/021). In the transfer phase, random training was statistically superior to the other groups in both the personality type A group and the personality type B group (P=0/0001).

It appears that personality type does not play a significant moderating role in random training and blocked training, and that blocked training in the acquisition phase and random training in the transfer phase also take precedence.

Impaired posture control, breathing problems, headaches of neck origin, increased pressure on ‎blood vessels, decreased vertebral blood flow to the brain and brain stem, and decreased ‎breathing capacity are some of the side effects of head forward malformation. Therefore, the ‎purpose of this study is to compare the effect and durability of 8 weeks of corrective exercises ‎based on the NASM approach and the Sahrman approach on forward head posture and neck pain ‎in mobile phone users in young men of Tabriz city‎.

The present semi-experimental research is an intervention research; And the research design is ‎pre-test and post-test with control group. 36 people in the age range of 20 to 35 years were ‎selected in a targeted non-random way with a forward head angle above 46 degrees. The ‎craniovertebral angle or CVA was used to measure the forward head angle. To quantify the ‎intensity of pain in people with neck pain, the Visual Analysis Scale was used. Two-way ‎analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests were performed at a significance level of ‎p≥0.05‎.

The results of the research showed that both training programs had a positive effect on forward ‎head posture and neck pain of these people (p=0.001). Also, the results of the research showed ‎that after 3 months of the follow-up period, the effectiveness of the exercises was still ‎significant (p=0.001).‎

The results of the research showed that both training programs had a significant and long-‎lasting effect on forward head posture and neck pain. Therefore, the use of each of these ‎exercises is recommended to improve forward head posture and neck pain in people with ‎forward head posture abnormalities‎.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE) on mental skills, sport competition anxiety and skill performance of teenage soccer players The research was semi-experimental and pre-test/post-test method with a control group. The statistical sample of the research consisted of 30 football players with 12-16 years old age rage, who were selected by available from the football schools of East Azarbaijan province and divided randomly into two experimental (mindfulness) and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group received 6 sessions (3 weeks and 2 sessions per week) of 45 mins of mindfulness training, and no intervention was performed in the control group. Both groups were measured in the same conditions and using questionnaires of mental skills, competitive sports anxiety and football skill performance test in the pre-test and post-test stages. The Covariance is used to analysis of statistical data. The findings showed that there was no significant difference in sport competition anxiety between the experimental and control groups, but a significant difference was observed in the mental skills and skill performance of football players. So it can be concluded that the training of mental skills such as mindfulness can be a suitable and affordable way to increase the mental and physical performance of athletes and create the basis for their sports success.

Creativity is one of the most important variables that guarantees a person's athletic success, It is also important for continued physical activity in beginners. The purpose of this study was the role of motor learning teaching strategies on team creativity of beginner soccer’s. The participants in this study were 66 male students from Tehran universities who participated in this study voluntarily. All of them were beginners, which was confirmed by an expert opinion. Participants were randomly assigned to linear, nonlinear, and differential teaching groups and practiced two sessions each week for three months. Each group was trained by their own instructor. After the interventions, each group played a game and the participants' creativity was examined by analyzing the film and with the opinions of two experts. The results have been reported descriptively due to the rarity of the identified actions. The findings show that the team creativity in the group that practiced with non-linear pedagogy was greater than the other two groups, and the team creativity in group which practiced in the differential group was greater than the linear group. Based on the ecological dynamics perspective, these results suggest the use of environmental manipulation and task to enhance team creativity due to exploration and help solve movement challenges, and are recommended for educators, teachers, and physical education instructors. Of course, using this method requires the expertise and creativity of the instructor.

Due to the increasing speed of life and modernization of daily activities of human beings, physical activity seems to be necessary. Exercise and physical activity are the most critical components affecting human health and mental health. Satisfaction of basic psychological needs also provides the conditions required for growth and development, cohesion, and psychological well-being. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the psychological needs and well-being of 12-year-old female students in Tabriz.

The method of this research was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of this study included all 12-year-old female students in Tabriz. Sixty of them were selected by convenience sampling in two groups of 30 experimental and control. Participants completed questionnaires on the Reef Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale. In data analysis, univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance were used at a significant level (P=0.05) using SPSS v. 24 software.

The results showed that aerobic exercise significantly increased the components of competence, autonomy, and the relationship between basic psychological needs (P=0.001) as well as the components of mastery of the environment, purposefulness in life, self-acceptance (P=0.001), and Independence (P=0.018) has a significant positive effect on the psychological well-being of adolescent girls.

According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that physical activity can improve the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and psychological well-being of adolescent girls. People who exercise regularly have better psychological well-being than other people.

Given the positive effect of gaming on reducing child consumption in this study following or answering this question, can virtual games through WhatsApp reduce the consumption of patients and patients with Quid-19 during quarantine?

The present study employed a quasi-experimental research design with a control group. A total of 68 children of parents with Covid-19 disease who were in-home quarantine with an age range of 8-12 years were selected voluntarily and available as a research sample and randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 33) and control (n = 35). The Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) was employed to assess COVID-19 anxiety. Then physical game training for two weeks in eight 45-60 minute sessions was provided through WhatsApp for the experimental group. Analysis of covariance at the significance level of 0.05 was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that after virtual exercise, in the experimental group, anxiety, physical symptoms (P = 0.001) and psychological symptoms (P = 0.001) significantly decreased.

Playing in cyberspace seems to reduce anxiety in children whose parents were in home quarantine.

In this paper, the local indigenous games have been studied on motor proficiency of 10-13-year-old boys with high and low emotional intelligence. A total of 30 children with a mean age of (11.46 ± 1.04) were selected from the schools of District 7 of Tehran via purposeful method, and based on the general score of emotional intelligence from Shoot et al. The participants were divided into two groups of 15 people with high and low emotional intelligence, and there was no significant difference in motor proficiency between the two groups. To assess emotional intelligence, the Shoot et al. questionnaire and for motor proficiency Bruninx-Oseretsky test were used. Exercise interventions were performed for 8 weeks in a gym in the same way for both groups. These exercises were three sessions per week with each session lasting 90 minutes, consisting of 20 minutes of warm-up, 15 minutes to cool down at the end, and the remaining 55 minutes in between for game interventions. The results of independent t-test revealed a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention. Specifically, the children with a high emotional intelligence had greater Motor Proficiency. Hence, based on the advantage of the chosen motor games, use of this practice in schools can be helpful. Also, sports educators can consider emotional intelligence as an effective variable in supporting children towards high levels of athletic performance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental contexts from ecological perspective on motor development and creativity of children. For this purpose, the semi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test design was used with the purposive sampling method. This study included preschool children aged 4.5 to 6.5 years who were divided into two groups of 15 people based on differences in environmental contexts. The first group were children who were in the natural space (nature school) and the second group were children who were indoors space (kindergarten). Both groups conducted their activities in the specified environments for two months. To measure motor development (gross motor skill) was used the Bruininks-oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency and for children's creativity was used the Torrance Test of Creativity Thinking. Results of mixed ANOVA showed that gross motor skill of children in the natural space are more improved than indoor space. Also activity in outdoor space had positive and significant effect on the all five factors of creativity (fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration and total creativity skill) of children. Therefore, it can be concluded that the natural environment improves the motor skills development and creativity of children more than the indoor environment and it is suggested to use environmental variability, especially the natural environment for preschoolers.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Individual and dyad training on aerobic skill learning in elderly. The study of the semi empirical type with pre - test and posttest design is with two experimental groups that have been done in the field. The statistical population of the research is the elderly of the city of Tabriz, which among them were selected 24 people with accessible sampling. In the midst of a lack of involvement in aerobic exercise, lack of familiarity with aerobics, public health and lack of physical problems was the criteria for inclusion in the study. Then research participants were randomly grouped into two groups of 12 and were trained during twelve sessions. In data analysis used mix ANOVA and bonferroni post hoc test at the significance level of (P=0.05) by SPSS 18. The results of repeated variance showed that the effect of the measurement stages on learning is meaningful (P=0.001) and the rate of learning varies in different stages; Also, Group's impact on learning is meaningful (P=0.002) and the rate of learning in dyad group is more than individual group. Based on the results dyad training method with care to more learning in elderly women is one of the most effective and effective methods along with other methods in order to learn motor skills. Because active participation of elderly as a reality full of experience improves in sport community.

It is the basis of every human being's progress in learning, which is in fact one of the most difficult concepts to define. In a successful educational system, students' learning style is always considered as one of the factors affecting academic achievement. Knowledge of students' learning style helps teachers to make optimal use of various learning styles and adopt appropriate teaching methods.The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between learning styles and cognitive styles among male and female students with the moderating effect of academic levels and gender. For this purpose, 350 undergraduate and graduate students were selected by cluster random sampling method and completed questionnaires of Kolbe's learning styles (1985) and Whitkin's cognitive styles (1971). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance. Results showed that there is no significant correlation between cognitive styles and variables related to learning styles. Also, there was no significant correlation between age and cognitive styles and variables of learning styles, except in active experiments. However, there was a significant correlation between learning styles. The results of group differences showed that undergraduate students tend to be more dependent on the cognitive style than those of masters and boys. There was no statistically significant difference between educational levels and gender in learning styles. Undergraduate students are more inclined toward contextual cognitive styles than graduate students and boys than girls, and style and gender seem to interact with preferences.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Persian version of exercise dependence scale, prevalence of exercise dependence and some related factors in male and female athletes clubs of Urmia. Subjects of this research were 325 athletes in the sample (206 males; 119 females, mean age 28.06±8 years) various team and individual sports (team sports N= 195, individual sports N=130) in the form of voluntary and available attend in this study. Hausenblas and Downs (2002) exercise dependence scale 21 with seven subscale was the instruments of the study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine validity of questionnaire, and Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient was used to determine internal consistency. The results showed that the validity of exercise dependence scale 21 is desirable. Also the results showed that in this study the prevalence of exercise dependence between men and women population is not very different from each other and exercise dependence in individual sports is twice to team sports. Since exercise dependence may exist among a wide range of athletes, therefore, in order to address the adverse effects of this factor, it is necessary to examine the underlying causes and trying to modify it.

Exercise and physical activity is an important factor in the promotion of public health of people in the community, and address the issue relationship between exercise with quality of life it seems necessary. The aim of this study was to determination the quality of life in retired athletes.

In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population was all sports pioneers in Tabriz city that 104 pioneers with a mean age of 51.68 ± 8.45 years were selected from 14 sports by snowball sampling and have completed World Health Organization Quality Of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and independent sample t-test.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the amount of post-retirement sports activity with the psychological health subscale and the best championship title earned by these persons with the social relations subscale; but in the physical health and environment subscales and the total life quality score there was no significant relationship. The results also showed that there is no significant difference between team and individual pioneers in the level of satisfaction from quality of life.

According to the results of this study, it can be stated that active sports pioneers are in a better mental health condition than their inactive counterparts using the any type of physical activity.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of native-local games on the female students’ social and psychological development aspects. This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and the control group. Two classes consisting of thirty-five students, aged 12-14 years, were selected via the purposive sampling method and then divided into two experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 17) groups. The native games team did their activities for 12 weeks, one and a half hour per a week. During this period, the control group subjects performed the usual school activities. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test. The results showed that in social development and most of its subscales, the native-local games group had a significant improvement over the usual school activities group. However, at the mental health scale, only in terms of the subscale of physical symptoms, there was a significant difference between the two groups. It can be concluded that native-local games can be an easy and indigenous way of improving some aspects of social development and sub-scales of mental health in students

This study examined the comparison of exercise self-efficacy and indices of well-being based on different orientations to activities among physically-motion disables and veterans. 123 physically-motion disables and veterans filled the questionnaires of exercise self-efficacy, hedonia and eudemonia motives for activities, positive and negative affect and subjective vitality.The results showed that only eudemonia motive positively associated with positive affect and vitality. Exercise self-efficacy positively associated with eudemonic well-being. There were significant differences between different orientation to activities on positive affect and vitality. People whose lives were high in eudemonia had higher degrees of positive affect and vitality than people whose lives in the lower degree of both hedonia and eudemonia (empty life). Also, people whose lives were in both high eudemonia and hedonia (full life) had the higher degree of positive affect than people whose lives in empty life.The finding show of crucial role of eudemonia on well-being among physically-motion disables and veterans, and the combination of hedonia and eudemonia may be associated with optimal well-being.