جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سوررئالیسم » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Surrealism is one of the important literary schools of the 20th century. Due to its specific principles, Surrealism was first considered to be a school suitable for poetry. Over time, however, some famous surreal artists produced different kinds of narratives which raised a serious question: what are the characteristic features of surrealist narratives? There was no doubt that the emphasis on the unconscious and techniques such as stream of consciousness would inevitably change the form of surrealist narrative, an issue that can be seen in most modern and post-modern narratives. Therefore, it is impossible to consider the surreal aspects of the narrative by focusing only on the form. To investigate the characteristics of surrealist narrative, therefore, we attempted to focus on Ahmad Hasanzadeh's Khial Baz through an analytical-descriptive method. Findings suggest that the presence of elements such as fantasy have blurred the boundary between dream and reality and resulted in the construction of a meta-reality: the prominent role of sleep and revelation in the text, the effect of drug use on narrative actions and special emphasis on the madness of the main character are major features that have contributed to the surreal atmosphere of the narrative.

The school of surrealism, one of the greatest literary schools in the world in the 20th century, tries to recreate reality by giving originality to dreams and imagination; The present study examines the hypothesis of Forough Farrokhzad's use of the elements of the surrealism school in the poem "Let's believe in the beginning of the cold season" and seeks to answer the question that the descriptive compositions in the poem "Let's believe in the beginning of the cold season" are compatible and related to surrealism. has it,For this purpose, first, using the content analysis method, the descriptive compounds used in this poem were extracted and classified based on the components of the school of surrealism. Then, by presenting a surrealist interpretation, it became clear that the language of Forough's poetry was affected by the characteristics of surrealism: 1- unreal things, 2- love, 3- idealistic point, 4- black humor, 5- death thoughts, 6- invalidity of dimensions. Also, the analysis of the frequency of each of the mentioned components by the statistical analysis software revealed that more than 90% of the images in the poem "Let's believe in the beginning of the cold season" have a surrealistic basis. In the meantime, thinking about death has the most frequency and paying attention to love and disrupting the real dimensions have the least frequency.

The use of imagination in fiction narratives is the main theme of fantasy. Fantasy is an artistic type that uses magic along with supernatural tools in literary works; But over time, the human mind no longer accepts its traditional and repetitive content; For this reason, fantasy in the story has evolved to adapt to the conditions and surprise the audience, and has become a form of pristine and new imagination. Although fantasy imaginations and its lane patterns are predetermined and clear, along with the evolution of literary schools, surrealist manifestations that lead to imagination with rebellion, breakdowns, and liberation from the law of nature, and their purpose is to repeat, fresh freshness. And reference to the inner dimension and apply the subconscious; It is seen in fantasy stories. The present study,

Surrealism can be considered a school of honoring the hidden mind. Although the process of literary movements before that had adopted approaches in the praise of the hidden mind, but Surrealism brought this process of praise to worship. All the concepts provided by them have been respected and validated in relation to the hidden pronoun. In the eyes of surrealism, the superior reality created by the hidden mind, the highest point of the passport to enter the hidden mind, the astonishment of the hindrances and obstacles of the hidden mind, the objective coincidence proving the prophetic power and the upper hand of the hidden mind, the surreal moment is the gateway to the realm of the hidden mind, the love-inducing of the hidden mind. , the dream is the pure source of the hidden mind, fantasy and illusion are the arms capable of fighting the enemies of the hidden mind, humor is the healer of the hidden mind, automatic writing opens the way to enter the hidden mind, the madness of the hidden mind's cry, a surreal object that embodies a manifestation of the hidden mind and surrealistic depiction is a gift of the hidden mind. To the captives of the real world. By embarking on a series of bold but not blind experimentation, Surrealism marked the personal discovery of the principles that are referred to as the Principles of Surrealism. The vision of this experimentation lies in the knowledge of the history of such experiments. The importance of these concepts is not limited to a specific climate and time, and before and after surrealism, many artists have made this personal discovery in all parts of the world. Therefore, these common principles of all time and place are at the center of this research. The first step is to find out whether these principles of timelessness and spacelessness were also the opinion of the talented contemporary Iranian poet, Ahmad Azizi, or not? And in the next step, he examines how Ahmad Azizi pays attention to these principles, and in the third step, he examines the points of commonality and difference between the views of this Iranian poet and the French school. In this process, there are surprising co-conspiracies in the principles of superior reality, the highest point, the amazing, objective coincidence, surreal moment, dream and illusion, humor, automatic writing, alignments in the principles of the surrealist object and imagery, as well as undeniable and of course contemplative co-conspiracies in the principles of madness. , drunkenness and drugging and finally love are observed between these two views. As a result, this research leads us to believe that Ahmad Azizi is an artist who in his own unique way addressed these common principles, and from this unique way, the pleasant Iranian-Islamic scent can be smelled.

Automatic writing is very important because it is one of the basic principles of surrealists in mystical works that are the result of personal and intuitive experiences and moments of intense emotional excitement. In this kind of writing, the author is overwhelmed by his/her circumstances and does not have control over the process of creating speech due to the overcoming of emotions caused by mystical experience. This way of writing is prominent in the works of Sanai, Attar, and Rumi, for example, whose words are usually the result of passionate moments and romantic madness. Therefore, in this research, the most important principle of the surrealists, i.e., automatic writing, is investigated and analyzed through a descriptive-analytical method in the Seir al-Ebad elal-Ma'ad by Sanai, The Conference of the Birds by Attar, the third book of Masnavi by Rumi. It seems that all three poets expressed their emotions under the influence of love, passion, and inspiration in their moments of intense emotional excitement, which is considered as pure surrealism experiences. It is a proof of their true genius and deep emotion and attitude, which, with all their dissociations and disturbances, originates from a single soul.

The most important surreal principles are imagination, automatic writing, objective accident, wonder and magic, and dreams and visions. Although this school was introduced and recognized in Europe, it had already been featured in various artistic arenas of world literature. One of these arenas is Sufi texts of Persian language which have long served as hallmarks of surrealism. Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya is also one of these texts. Although al-Qushayriyya treatise is one of the first written teachings of mysticism whose author is so cautious to rid his work of all that is suspicious such as fantasy, rhythm and automatic writing - supposed to exist in surrealism - its surrealistic features (including dream, wonder, madness and dementia, inability to reason, unity, condemnation and denial of the world, freedom, etc.) are prominent. Meanwhile, concepts such as sleep and disclosure of truth, wonder and dignity, insanity and rejection of the world are more frequent. It should also be said that almost all of the surrealistic components of this book have fundamental differences with similar concepts in the surrealistic realm. In case of automatic writing and release, the difference is remarkable. Such distinctions convey excellence and superiority of Al-Qushayri’s thought against surrealism. In addition, Al-Qushayri’s accuracy and obsession in raising these issues resulted in considering terms, conditions and steps for any concept which cannot be seen in Surrealism.

Influenced by the intellectual movements of the Renaissance, the flow of the contemporary literature moved away from the imitative frameworks in structure and content and found a new approach based on questioning and searching in the view of existence and the origin and end of life. In this environment, contemporary human beings seek to find the meaning and truth of objects and phenomena in accordance with free thought and astonishment against the manifestations of existence. They do this by reconsidering their existential dimensions as evidence of the world and redefining concepts such as intellect, existence and death. In search of the inner world of the universe and the supernatural and, meanwhile, considering the limitations of the intellect as well as the impotence of human beings, it is of  necessity to connect with the channels of existence and sources of absolute knowledge in order to understand and receive the truth and the inner things. Surrealism in the libertarian and truth-seeking school of concepts and phenomena, based on the avoidance of imitation, the creation of new meanings and relations as well as the creation of novel images, established a movement in contemporary literature, although this approach has not achieved much in discovering and understanding the truth. Considering that it has caused the liberation of thought and freedom of thought, it has led man on the path of seeking the truth and searching for the exact and deep meaning of concepts and connection with the original sources of perception that are necessary to discover and understand facts. The contemporary literature, a function of the Renaissance thought stream, underwent significant changes of content, concepts and structure, during which the approach of the works moved away from conventional themes and contents and unequivocally accepted imitative forms to a free attitude and return.

Using a descriptive-analytical method and providing a correct definition of freethinking as well as a detailed account of the intellectual positions of the thinkers of the school of surrealism, the present research explains the original idea and its connection with the structure of surrealism. It also makes references to the opinions of critics in the field.

Considering the limitation of reason and the lack of power of man, independently, in understanding and receiving the truth and the inside things, it is necessary to make a link between the references and sources of "absolute knowledge" in the formation of the "zero point" of the mind and original thinking freed from external data. Surrealism lies in the nature of a freedom-loving school and the searching for the truth of concepts and phenomena, based on avoiding imitation and creating new meanings and relationships. The question of one’s Self and the question of the most basic concepts of existence in order to understand and receive the truth of life and discover the mysteries and inwardness of objects and phenomena are beyond what has been induced in the human mind. However, a change occurred in the schools of classicism and modernism, but its full manifestation was realized in the poetic works of Surrealism. The poets of this school, in searching and discovering the meanings and truths of existence, rejected the existing positions and definitions in order to get rid of the stagnation of the literary society. They also considered the questioning of astonishment against the manifestations of life and existence as the main element of literary creations. They understood the origin and the end of existence. The origin of this approach was to pay attention to the inner world and human instincts in relation to their deep and original needs, which has led contemporary human beings to review and recover their inner powers and redefine concepts such as existence, intellect, life and truth in order to reach beyond matter. It has led to the discovery of its secrets.

The approach of surrealism, in the sense that it frees thought from the circle of imitation, and freedom of thought, which is the point of commonality between pure rationality and surrealism, leads man on the path of truth-seeking and searching for the precise and deep meaning of concepts and connects him to the original sources of perception. It also provides an understanding of the facts of life. This study aims to explain the structure of the mind and the power of thinking as the only reference that man has to recognize and understand the meanings and concepts, on the one hand, and examine the structure, process and the origin of meanings and images on the other hand.

TThe Woman Behind the Bronze Door" is one of the stories in the "Doors and the Great Wall of China" collection written by Ahmad Shamlou. From the reading of the story, it appears that in writing this story, Shamlou has used the features of the Gothic and Surreal schools, in a way that it can be said, he has turned the characteristics of the Gothic school towards the Surrealism school with a kind of artistic transformation. This research aims to show the most important effects and dimensions of these two schools in the story with an analytical method. The findings of the research show that on the one hand, using an atmosphere full of ambiguity and mystery, otherworldly events with anxiety and fear, fearful place, fluidity of time, morbid and chaotic characterization, nightmare, superstitious beliefs and boundless fantasy of a full-fledged Gothic story. has created and on the other hand by creating something wonderful and extraordinary, subconscious mind, illusion, dream and surrealist objects, automatic writing and surreal love, he has written a surreal story. The content of the story is a mixture of dreams and reality in an inflammatory and melancholic atmosphere, and at the same time, the border between the two is not clear. Based on this, it can be said that Shamlou has reached Surrealism from the Gothic passage and has reached the peak of the connection between these two schools, and his innovation in creating a work that is a combination of the two mentioned schools is a remarkable experience in the tradition of Persian story writing.

A new Movement (Moj-e Nou) came into being in Iran in 1341 with the collection of poems "Tarh" by AhmadReza Ahmadi. This movement,was a transcendence of the patriarchal domination of symbolism and romanticism and structuralism in Nimai poetry, and a tendency towards a kind of surrealist and deconstructive view of the phenomena of existence and humanity. The transformation of poetry into a simple and fluent prose, the extensive use of imagination, visualization to give objectivity to poetic realities and the achievement of pure and rare images are the most important features of Moj-eno poetry. None of this movwment images do not seek to prove anything, but are themselves a new and unique event. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of this movement poetry on children's book illustration in Iran, to achieve a new image structure and illustrators' approach to children's book illustration. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer the question: What is the trend of the new Movement and its influential components on the style of children's book illustration in Iran? What is the relationship between text and image in the illustration of New Movement poetry books? The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical. The research community includes ten stories from Ahmad Reza Ahmadi's children's poem, illustrated under the title "Rang-e Eshgh Collection". It is also a method of analyzing qualitative effects. The findings show that the flow of this movement in contemporary poetry and, consequently, its effect on deconstruction in the illustration of children's books became a dominant trend; So that from the eighties onwards, we are witnessing the artistic emergence of works that have removed the border of fantasy and reality in fictional images.

In the 19th century, following the emergence of literary schools such as romanticism and surrealism, which rejected and despised clear meaning in literary works and promoted ambiguity instead, literary theories also looked at ambiguity as a value in literary works. ; Because by making the reader participate in the meaning creation process, it creates a kind of interaction between the reader and the text. Shams Tabrizi's poetry is one of the texts that has ambiguity in its artistic meaning. This ambiguity lies in the whole of Maulvi's poetry and the rhetorical device, language and semantic field of his poetry have been affected. It is that each of these elements have been created under the influence of factors that are very similar to the components of the school of surrealism. This research, which is written in a descriptive-analytical way, aims to show what effect the surrealist atmosphere ruling Shams's lyrical poetry has had on the ambiguity of this text and the emergence of ambiguous rhetorical forms. The findings of this research indicate that in eighty-two percent of Shams' sonnets, ambiguous rhetorical forms are created in a surrealistic atmosphere, and among the rhetorical elements simile, recognition, and code, which appear under the influence of the poet's unconscious, are possible in the poem. have the most expression compared to other rhetorical elements.

Surrealism was formed in the early 20th century with the aim of changing people's attitudes towards the industrial world and fighting against it. The goal of the surrealists was to change the world based on their own ideas and somehow return to the original human nature. Although this school of literature mostly dealt with poetry, it gradually entered the literary world of modern novels as well and raised opinions on the literary type of the novel and the closeness of its language to poetic language. Elias Khoury, a contemporary Lebanese writer, uses surrealist elements in his novel "Abvab al-madinah" to narrate the protagonist's unsuccessful attempt to reach an unknown city, and finally, with the destruction of the city, he challenges contemporary man's efforts to achieve his desires. The present study aims to investigate the surrealistic characteristics of this novel in a descriptive and analytical way. It seeks to state what components of surrealism are present in this novel and how they are used in designing its themes. The fact that there is a lack of independent research on this literary work, coupled with its surrealist background, shows the necessity and importance of this research. The obtained results show that "Abvab al-madinah" is based on a surrealist foundation. Components such as surreal images, love, imagination and dreams, automatic writing, complexity, and ambiguity are among the most important features used in conveying surrealist meanings to readers in this novel.

Surrealism is automatic writing, inscribing and writing freely, i.e. without the dominance of intellect; it is the expression of inductive thought without the supervision of wisdom and regardless of any artistic or ethical oversight. It can be said that this school is the result of the growth of psychology in the 20th century and, hence, psychological encounters with literature. Surrealists called the relationship between mind and the real thing the objective accident. The effects and instances of this objective crash which is based on reality will be clearly seen in epics as its echoes are woven into the mythological, epic and literary structure of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. The purpose of this article is examining the surrealistic explanation of the dream and prediction of reality and objective crash in Ferdowsi''''''''s Shahnameh through an analytical, descriptive approach, which has been reviewed and explained. The main question of this research is the frequency of the objective accident index and its differences with the surreal elements of dreams and predictions. Research findings indicate that the application of sleep and dreams are 17 times, star counting and predicting 35 times and passing through the reality or objective accident 9 times, as a completely surrealistic indicator in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. Objective accidents on characters such as Siavash, Goodarz, Keikhosro, Afarsiab, Katayun, Yazdgerd, Khosrowparviz and Yazdgerd, the last Sasanian king. The realization of the dream of these people and seeing it with one’s eyes is the same difference between sleep and dreams and predictions with an objective accident in Shahnameh.

Surrealism emerged as a school of protest against the terrible and devastating consequences of World War It was, in fact, a reaction to the contemporary contemporary desperation of the rationalism and modern materialism of the modern age. Hence, a man drowned in the sufferings of these years, seeing the best way to escape into the unconscious world, seeks to explore the unconscious and originality It gives rise to surrealism. Islamic mysticism is also a kind of intellectual and epistemological school that, in the path of the discovery of truth, trusts over the taste and illumination more than anything else, and defines the relationship between the Creator and the Creator through the passage from the same to the mind and from the sensible world to the transcendent world. mantegholteyr as one of the representatives of this method of thinking in his subcategories has signs and components of surrealism, which confirms the connection and solidarity of the two schools of thought, surrealism and mysticism, at least in their formal structure. The most important findings of this research are the shared aspects of this mystical work with surrealistic works that can be referred to as: Lamakani and Lazzmani, love, freedom, dreams and imagination, wonder and magic, madness and madness.

Surrealism bases its work on free association, meanings, thoughts, images, and a kind of ecstasy and dream, and tries to give artistic creativity its own aspect; But contrary to what the surrealist artist thinks, the free association of meanings and the world of dreams is in fact free and lawless, and in artistic creations nothing comes into being by itself.One of the works that allows the audience to touch and perceive a completely surreal space is the novel Jose Saramago's the year of the death of Ricardo Reis by Jose Saramago. An inner novel with a completely surreal space in which this space can be touched well.Metaphysics dominates the atmosphere of this story, sometimes it is the inner thing of people that is projected outwards and sometimes it is due to the characteristics of climate and social relations and conditions that disruptively disrupt the normal routine of normal life.In this research, in addition to introducing the school of surrealism in Western literature and also the manifestation of this school in Iranian fiction, in a descriptive-analytical way, examines, critiques surrealism in the novel Jose Saramago's the year of the death of Ricardo Reis by Jose Saramago and It is important to note that the death of Ricardo Reis, the culmination of Jose Saramago's literary projects, is in the style of Surrealism

Black satire is a feature of surrealist works and is about situations and subjects that are often more serious, frightening, and sad than can be laughed at. This type of humor is often accompanied by death, hatred, suffering, fear, sorrow, and emptiness, with a sarcastic look at morbid, horrific, and horrific situations. This article, with a descriptive-analytical method, intends to show some of their features in Persian literature by mentioning examples from the book "One Thousand and One Nights" after defining black humor and its features. According to the results of this study, the most characteristic features of black humor in this book are features such as: contradiction and contradiction, exaggeration and exaggeration, surrealist descriptions, metamorphosis and animals, tragedy-comedy, etc., which can be seen in prose more than poetry. . Burton describes black humor as a dignified laugh and a mask of despair, but in the black satire of "Thousand and One Nights", blind hatred and destiny have no absolute dominance over man and love and faith.

Surrealism is a school founded by Andre Burton and his associates in the early twentieth century after World War I, causing murder, chaos, destruction and absurdism. Looking at the school of Surrealism and Islamic-Iranian mysticism, we find that the surrealist aspects and aspects did not appear after the founding of this school, but had a history in the oldest religious and mythological texts and in Iranian mysticism, especially Sufi and especially mystical literature. , But with fundamental differences, has existed. In mystical texts, especially memoirs, anecdotes have a narrative, imaginative and mental format; In such a way that they present surprising and astonishing events in a realistic context. For this reason, these anecdotes, due to their subconscious and dreamy form, correspond to the principles and foundations of surrealism, and also the surrealists emphasize the liberation from reason to reach the highest point of existence with the aim of the mystical path of mystics in which all multiplicities are united. Become, mistakenly considered one; Therefore, in the present descriptive-analytical method, an attempt is made to briefly apply the various surrealist elements and components in Junaid Baghdadi's anecdotes with emphasis on Attar's memoirs, and at the end, a brief critique and analysis of surreal metamaterial thinking And Farangar's thinking in Iranian mysticism should be presented.

Surrealism is a school that emerged from the Dadaism and stood up against the laws and rules that had been based on reason for years and gave way to the world of fantasy and illusion and left the writers of this school free to write without any concern for moral or social issues. In this way, everything that was not valued before came to the fore; Issues such as dreams, illusions, and fantasies that were a protest against a world ruled entirely by reason and knowledge, but drawn into world war. In Iran, too, writers have written some novels based on this school. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present study aims to examine the novel "I, number three" written by Atieh Attarzadeh based on this school to find out whether this novel is surreal or not? And if so, what elements and features have led us to call it surreal and what has been the author's method in narrating it? The results show that the novel "I, number three" can be considered a surrealist novel by using elements such as dream, automatic writing, humor, wonder, madness, woman and love and surreal images that use the monologue method in its narration.

A Study of the Common basics of Surrealism and Attar Neyshabouri's Masnavies Mahin harooni( Ph.d. student of Persian Literature, Shahrekord University) [email protected] S.Jamal al din Mortazavi( Assistant Professor of Persian Literature, Shahrekord University) [email protected] Esmaeel Sadeghi( Assistant Professor of Persian Literature, Shahrekord University) [email protected] Ahmad AminAssistant Professor of Persian Literature, Shahrekord University) [email protected] Abstract Surrealism means tend to super realism is the name of a school that was formed in France between 1920 and 1924. Followers of this school, in seeking for a superior reality, denied and confronted everything that was valued in terms of wisdom and social norms. The theoretical foundations of this school, including automatic writing, irrationality, the language of humor, attention to the inside and the like in order to reach the point of unity, are associated with the principles and basics of the mystical school and the truth of superiority that is considered its goal. Attar's Masnavies is one of the works that many writers of the Surrealism school have praised them and have been greatly influenced by them. In the current study, the common basic of the surrealism school and Attar's Masnavies; including insanity and irrationality, humor, unity of contradictions, cutting off from the outside world and paying attention to the inside, dream, imagination, anti-causality, placeless and timelessness are studied and analyzed and the hypothesis of the effectiveness of this school Attar’s works from is confirmed and proved. Keywords: Surrealism, Sufism, Attar's Masnavies (Mantiq ut-Tayr, Mosyibat nameh, -

Surrealism is a school that was formed in the twentieth century with the concern of correcting man's definition of reality. Relying on dreams, madness, wonder, and the psychological moment, this school of art sought to provide the context for changing the world by changing man's understanding of existence. Although surrealism in literature is more in poetry; But some of its main activist have written novel. In Iran, surrealism has been considered in both poetry and novels, and many works have been created based on the principles and techniques of this school. The novel "Guide to dying with medicinal plants" by Attarzadeh is one of these examples. In this novel, the author has tried to use the surrealism to draw the turbulent layers of the mind of a blind girl who sees the world differently. The present article seeks to examine the principles and techniques of the school of surrealism in this novel by a descriptive-analytical manner; Then answer the question of what factors have helped to strengthen the surreal meaning in this work. The results show factors such as the emphasis on the main character's blindness that has led to his different perceptions of the outside world, and Isolated girl lifestyle as well as the imaginary presence of the character of Sina, who has particular views on the soul, body, and quality of the intersection of the two, it has created the formal and content coherence of the work in order to induce surreal meanings.

David Lynch, the profound contemporary filmmaker, is known by uncanny, dreamlike narrative of his works. To the extent that he is called the resuscitator of the Surrealism school of 1920s. On the other hand, Jacque Lacan, the controversial Freudian psychoanalyst, who was also largely influenced by the movement, decided to exert its ideas in his researches and innovations of psychoanalysis. Based on the hypothesis that Lynch represents psychoanalysis ideas in his corpus, we can discern intelligible narrative structure with appropriate Lacanian themes. In that respect, I would argue that both Lynch and Lacan seek to illustrate the unrepresentable. The realm Lacan named the Real, that which is outside language and that resists symbolization absolutely. I would show Lynch’s works can be read as the presentation of the unrepresentable. He does so, by the immersion of the viewer in fantasy world of cinema, as an object of our desire, but he also would sharply punctuates the transitory nature of this world. Hence the deadlock inherent in desire shows itself at the end: the Real. The subject/viewer in Lacan’s theory and Lynch’s works traverses the fantasy to face the threatening absence of the desire deadlock. The Blind Owl of Sadegh Hedayat, the Iranian writer of Modern prose fictions and novels, could illuminate the path for Iranian reader of this article to comprehend what we means by the surrealism style.