جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Accidents » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Background and Car drivers cause the death of a large number of people in the society every year. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the accidents of vehicles carrying contraband and to provide practical solutions. This research is considered to be a type of mixed studies, in the quantitative part, the statistics and information of car accidents in the first six months of 2019 across the country were used. In the qualitative part, by collecting the information obtained from the interviews with the experts of the research topic (traffic experts and the drivers of smuggled things), a deeper understanding of the studied problem is obtained. The method of collecting information is quantitative, documentary field. In the qualitative part, the data collection method was a semi-structured (semi-open) interview. The findings of the quantitative section indicate that 50 percent of the country's provinces are facing the phenomenon of smuggle carrying vehicle accidents, and 2.6 percent of all fatal accidents and 3.9 percent of deaths were related to smuggle carrying vehicle accidents. In the qualitative findings section, after removing duplicate and similar codes, 53 non-repetitive open codes were identified. The highest frequency is related to very high speeds (17 cases) and the lowest frequency is related to the use of high-speed foreign cars (5 cases).  The results of the research findings indicate that 53 codes from the interview in the form of nine categories of personality factors; Educational factors, experience and skill, lack of support, environmental problems, environmental stimuli, unawareness of the law, weakness in the law and lack of protective facilities are the factors that affect the accidents of vehicles.

One of the basic measures to prevent accidents is to analyze the accidents that have occurred and investigate the causes of their occurrence to prevent similar accidents. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the occurrence of accidents in AJA (with emphasis on car and workshop accidents). The type of research is applied and the method of implementation is Delphi method. The statistical population of this study was all inspection experts in the affiliated units of AJA Headquarters, AJA Headquarters Inspection and Accident Management AJA Inspector who has more than 20 years of service and has a master's degree and has experience in accidents. They are operational and their number is 6 people. The method of data collection in this research is through interviews with experts and review of documents.The Delphi questionnaire was distributed among experts in three stages and evaluated using the Likert scale. In each stage, we examined each factor using the Kendall coefficient calculation and the results showed that according to the results of the third round Delphi questionnaire, Forward, non-observance of the right of way, sudden change of direction, movement with the rear gear, non-observance of longitudinal distance, inability to control the vehicle, non-observance of transverse distance, movement in the opposite direction, Third round, age, marital status, educational status, work experience in the workshop, work experience in the current job shift work are the main causes of workshop accidents.

Background and Aim : 

Considering the severity of accidents in snowy and icy weather conditions, and the high occurrence of accidents leading to death in Qazvin province, the purpose of this article is to find and prioritize the causes that lead to the creation of all the causes of road accidents leading to death in the conditions of snow and ice in Qazvin province.

Two methods have been used at the same time, the first is the method of documentary studies: traffic police reports in accidents that occurred in one of the climatic conditions of frost, snow and blizzard, 2012-2020 years, and the method of content analysis with tools Interviews of accident experts and drivers were used, and finally, a group of 14 senior accident experts were selected as an expert panel and participated in the 6-step process of structural-interpretive modeling.

The findings showed that low horizontal visibility, slippery road, strong wind, severe cold, light reflection, high speed, fatigue and sleepiness, eating and drinking, anger and stress, use of mobile phones, non-compliance with regulations, driving in special conditions, road safety, consumption of drugs, alcoholic beverages and sleeping pills, lack of driving skills, were the most 5 main important causes of road accidents: failure to pay attention to the front, failure to observe longitudinal and lateral distance, violation of safe speed, Deviation and encroachment to the left are a violation of Article 4th . Also, the structural-interpretive modeling showed that these causes are related to each other at 3rd    level of independence, that the two causes of 3rd level extreme cold and eating and drinking have directly affected other cases, and the 4th causes of using mobile phones, anger and stress, slippage and horizontal vision Low, they are effective on the 6 factors of level.

Most of the causes originate from human mistakes; Also, in the conditions of snow and frost, the environmental factor has been assigned the second rank, which includes the meaning of weather conditions, road conditions and safety; Therefore, the main causes of road accidents leading to death in snow and ice conditions in Qazvin province are human and environmental factors, and each of the 12 causes can cause road accidents both specifically and in connection with other causes.

Unfavorable weather conditions are one of the important factors that affect road safety. The number of road accidents in climatic conditions such as snow and rain has also increased financial losses. Therefore, in this article, researchers analyze the spatial pattern of climatic elements in the occurrence of road accidents in Bushehr province.

This research has been done with a spatial analysis approach and analyticaldescriptive method. The statistical population of the study includes all elements and road accidents that occurred in Bushehr province in a period of 5 years (2015-2016) and has been used documentary research. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of accident and meteorological data and ArcGIS software was used for spatial analysis of data. IDW method was used for zoning the maps and R, F and Chisquare tests and multiple linear regressions has been used to compare frequencies.

The highest frequency of accidents was of injury type and in Bushehr- Borazjan police station area and it is also Injury accident type. The lowest frequency of accidents is related to Khormoj police station and it is fatal accident type. Considering the value of F which is 50.05 and the significance level which is 0.000, it can be stated with 95% confidence this model has generalizability. In the multiple linear regression method, a linear relationship was established between the dependent variable and several independent variables.

The results of studies showed that at a 95% confidence level, there is a positive and significant relationship between climatic elements (precipitation, visibility, humidity and wind speed) and the accident variable.

Correct and accurate knowledge of the meanings of terms used in Islamic theology is one of the necessary prerequisites and preliminaries of any study and research on theological texts. Considering the conceptual changes and evolutions of many theological terms in different periods and schools, the study and reporting of semantic changes in the technical words of Kalām in the history of this branch of knowledge is of great importance. In this article, various meanings and definitions of one of the common terms of Kalam called "Akwān" are identified and introduced.

Motorcyclists due to lack of protection at the scene of the crash and also being less exposed in the eyesight of other vehicles are more vulnerable for sever crashes. The main purpose of this study, is to identify the factors affecting the severity of motorcycle crashes.

Neural network, random forest and statistical analysis (comparison of the average severity of accidents in variables) have been used in this paper. To conduct this research, two series of data (accident data and behavioral data collected from motorcyclists in Tehran based on field interview) have been used.

The severity of crashes increases with the rise of the frequency of speeding, passing red lights, using mobile phones, performing dangerous movements, not usign helmet and crossing the pedestrain pathway. However, with the increase in the health status of motorcyclists and the technical appearance of the motorcycle the severity of accidents will decrease. Among the districts of Tehran, district 6 had the highest frequency of crahses. Neural network model, is able to predict fatalities, injuries and propoerty damage crashes with 24, 76 and 51 percent accuracy. Furthermore, in the random forest model, the accuracy of predicting fatal, injury and property damage crashes are 53, 69 and 32 percent.

It indicate that the traffic violations of the motorcyclists are the main reasons for crash severities. Thus, it is necessary to have an overlook about performing more restrict traffic fines for this group. In addition, becasuse of the importance of the individual health condition and technical appearance of the motorcycle it is necessary to determine rules for controling them with issuing cycling licence and other intervals after that. Finally, the high rate of motorcycle crashes in the district of 6 in Tehran can be related to high capacity rate of transit  in the zone.

The term "Ma‘nā" is one of the most important and key technical terms in the classical Islamic theology, which has been used extensively in various theological issues and discussions. Despite the importance and widespread use of this term in islamic theology, its meaning and concept has been involved with much ambiguity and obscurity, and its real meaning has become a controversial question in contemporary theological research. In response to this question, remarkable articles and research have been published so far, and various opinions and theories have been put forward about the meaning of the term. In the present article, in addition to a brief review of previous research on this issue, points are made about the meaning of this term and then the arguments of the believers in the theory of Ma‘ānī and the questions raised by the opponents of the theory are explained.

research of determining the effectiveness of theissuance of third-party insurance based on driver's characteristics in theprevention of accidents has been done in Iran country. Scientific researches ontraffic accidents and their causes indicate that the human factor has asignificant difference in the incidence of accidents, compared with otherfactors. In other words, human and his mistakes can be considered as the mostimportant reason for a driving accident. Thus, many years ago, in manycountries around the world, stringent regulations and regulations on theissuance of third-party insurance have been introduced based on driverattributes for applicant. The general objective of this study is the effectivenessof the issuance of third-party insurance on the basis of driver's characteristicsin preventing accidents.

this research is practical in type of aim and descriptive-analytical intype of method in terms of survey. The statistical population of this study wasexperts and specialists in traffic and insurance and snowball method was usedfor statistical selection. For this purpose, three linear models for totalaccidents, high-risk driving violations and fatal accidents have been developedusing generalized linear regression modeling.

results of this study show that the history of driver accidents, historyof high-risk driving violations, driver's occupation and strict rules so thatmakes it difficult to renew insurance policy ,variables related to the issuance ofinsurance policies are based on the driver's attributes, which have a seriouseffect in reducing accidents.Discussion and

Studies have shown that in almost all cases, theimplementation and enforcement of such laws have had a positive impact onthe reduction of accidents. This article evaluates this claim

Considering the effect of speed on severity and number of traffic accidents, speed control is very important.speed control systems are used in Iran for many years. There are two kind of speed control systems, average speed control and instant speed controls. In this research, the effect of using vehicle’s average speed recording equipment on the number of speed violations and traffic accidents in is studied.  As a case study, the effect of using a vehicle's average speed control system on the amount of traffic violations and accidents on the Tehran-Qom Freeway axis has been considered. In this regard, the accidents reporting of one year ago and one year after the installation of this system recieved and delivered in the axis examined from the relevant police station. In addition, The statistics of the speed violations of users who violated the speed limit, were calculated one year before and one year later. In accordance with the studies that show likehood of injury and death depens on the vehicle speed and severity of accidents; In this study, it has also been shown that the use of vehicle’s average speed control system reduces the severity of accidents and thus reduces the number of deads and injured people and so, it's also recommended to apply speed rules through the average speed recording camera for the rest of the axes and the roads. Investigating violations of drivers also showed that the number of violations has been gradually reduced by installing the camera; but there are no meaningful difference in the investigation of the main cause of accidents before and after the installation of cameras.

Driving violations has always been one of the causes of occurring problems, difficulties and traffic accidents in all societies. Given that the main cause of accidents is known due to human error. Investigating driving behaviors and the factors affecting it can play an important role in reducing the risk. Accordingly, the main purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of mindfulness about the relationship between mental health and drivers driving behaviors in Tehran. The target community is composed of all drivers in Tehran city and 202 individuals are selected as sample using available sampling method and responded to Goldberg and Hiller's general health questionnaire (1972), Brown's and Ryan's mindfulness (2003) and Manchester's driving behavior (1990). The results were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Structural equation modeling method was used to examine the model. The results of the model analysis by AMOS software showed that the proposed model is fitted with the data and the mindfulness variable has a complete mediator role between mental health and driving behaviors. That is, the mindfulness structure can explain the relationship between individual differences in mental health with driving behaviors.  According to the findings of the research, mindfulness structure can be used to explain the relationship between individual differences in mental health and driving behaviors. Mental health assessments are made when a driver's license is issued to improve driving conditions and reduce accidents as well as mindfulness training is to be considered for vulnerable people to drive errors.

Corrective measures and road safety improvementsare in constant demand and, basically, the current approach to roadinfrastructure safety management considers these actions as inevitable andcompulsory. However, there is still no scientific tool available that is widelyused in the assessment of safety measures. Acknowledging that there is noabsolute safety and all transportation activities are subject to a percentage ofrisk. However, road safety management, with a focus on identifying andcorrecting incidental points, can propose actions and implementation plans tomaximize performance, prove the need for coordinated action and discuss thedevelopment stages and road safety improvements; Therefore, various methodshave been used to identify, rank and present an operational plan for road safety,and have also taken results.

This study uses a review and comparation method to investigatevarious types of accidental points methods.

Most methods perform their calculations based on reportedfrequencies for a location in the short term (one to three years) as an analysisperiod, resulting in a list of incident points or determining the basis forprioritizing them; However, it should be noted that the average reportedaccidents in some places are low and this abundance may be influenced by theaccidental nature of accidents (under the influence of random variables);Therefore, the use of experimental Bias (EB) methods is recommended toreduce these variations.

This study showed that, in addition to the number and frequency ofaccidents, intensity and other traffic variables should also be considered for theidentification of accidental points. The experimental Bias method (EB) is asuitable method for obtaining an accurate estimate for the occurrence ofaccidents at a specified location. Also, the time it takes to get information forexpanding the prediction model of accidents and identifying incident points isbetween three and five years.

Every year, a large number of accidents cause many deaths that the cause of most of these accidents is neglect of drivers and failure to observe the traffic rules. However, the presence of police and law enforcement on the roads greatly reduces the amount of violations and the number of accidents has faced declining. Drivers always have different opinions about the police presence, according to the quantity and quality of participation, drivers gender and police patrols location have been different.

This research is in kind of practical and descriptive-analytic method to investigate and analyze the location and effects of police law enforcement on driving accidents in Kashan city. The statistical society was the drivers of Kashan city who had experience of driving on the suburban roads that 383 persons were selected using Cochran formula. Using a researcher-made questionnaire with good reliability and validity of the study was collected the desired items of research and in SPSS software area was considered necessary
inferential analyzes

The results of the research indicate the presence and enforcement of police law and increased caution and observance of the rules by drivers. The police presence also has been reduced speed and thus reduces driving accidents. . In terms of citizens, the location of police patrols on suburban roads is less than the average of the theory and is inappropriate.

At the end, it was suggested that the location of the mobile traffic police patrols should not be constant, and at any time of the day in different places of the road and in diverse situations change without any emphasis on the slope and increased driver speeds

 The casualties resulting from road accidents and, consequently, the physical and financial losses caused by such incidents have turned the issue into a national issue for the country. These accidents account for more than 7% of gross national product. The efforts made to control and mitigate this dilemma in protecting road traffic accident victims was determined as adopting the mandatory and compulsory law for damages caused to third parties due to accidents caused by vehicles and the roles and responsibilities for various organizations and institutions involved in driving accidents were emerged. The purpose of this study is to prevent unintentional driving crimes with an emphasis on abovementioned law.

 In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of its procedure, it is considered as a descriptive-analytic study. The author intends to address the extraction of preventing ways of unintentional driving offenses by analyzing and reviewing the provisions of this law.Findings and

 The lack of preventive tools in the law, as an example of the focus on the characteristics of the vehicle in determining third-party insurance premiums, and the absence of an superior institutional entity having the authority to monitor the good implementation of the explanatory assignments in the law by the law enforcement agencies and the necessity of considering the individual characteristics in accordance with Note 1 of Article 18 of the driver's law and driving location in calculating the premium and the necessity of a predicting superior reference in monitoring law enforcement by the agencies implementing the comprehensive system for driving accidents, based on the Article 41 of this law, and the special attention of organizations to their obligations in the aforementioned law for the prevention of accidents are the proposed cases and correctional subjects and amending items in the law.

Annually, because of some problems such as destroying the tribal roads and lack of predictability of other infrastructures to pass the migratory nomads, so many financial and physical losses are occurred for these people of our community and other compatriots in this regard. so heavy charges in the various fields are imposed to the community. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of Nomads migration and its related factors on the process of the road accidents in Eghlid city. In this study , it was attempted to present some experimental and scientific solutions to prevent these kinds of accidents as well as recognition of the effective factors in the accidents with the migration of nomads , its related factors and also determination of the efficiency . So with reviewing  scientific opinions , 10 questions were considered that their reliability and validity were obtained by the extraction of theories and data analysis with regard to  the survey method , the design of questionnaires and distribute them  between the accident experts and the nomad population. The statistical findings indicated that the migration of nomads and its associated factors woulde  affect on the process of accidents. All presented questions were accepted by the study groups and confirmed which among them , 10 recognized factors to prevent accidents with the migratory nomads are as follow:  to construct the underpass in the intersection of the tribal roads , prevent from passing the livestock at night, obseraving allowable speed, focus of driver to the front at night in the tribal areas , make speed constraints by the  warning signs and message boards in the tribal areas, apply the reflective vests by the leaders of livestock. The revival and maintenance of the tribal roads has more important that the other factors.

Because of the infrastructure and critical role of roads, the displacements made in them have an enormous impact on the economic growth of countries. In recent years, road accidents have increased dramatically due to the lack of standardization of vehicles and existing roads, environmental factors as well as roadside contributors. Failure to observe safety principles in geometric design and maintenance plan of roads has caused serious damages to the country. On the other hand, modeling of crashes and examining the variables affecting its occurrence has not been done to provide corrective options. Therefore, in this paper, with the help of the intelligent artificial neural network model, the simultaneous effect of atmospheric factors and road pavement collapse was investigated and modeled on the occurrence of accidents on the busy routes of Khuzestan province. Meteorological data and accidents statistics for the statistical period of 2011-2014 were prepared. Independent and dependent variables, as inputs and outputs of the neural network, were defined at three levels of total accidents, damage accidents and injuries accidents. The modeling was conducted using the Neuro Solution software as leading and based on the Levenburg-Marquardt training principle and Sigmoid axon transfer function. The results of various architectures showed that the designed neural network, with high explanatory factor, can model the total number of accidents. In this model, the most effective parameters on the creation of accidents were weather conditions (rain and cloudy weather), road failures (PCI index and prevailing failures), and another factor (the number of forward-facing crashes) as model inputs. For modeling of damage accidents, effective inputs included the number of accidents (damages and losses), road failures statistics (PCI paths and prevailing failures) and weather conditions at the moment of accident. The achievement of the high-level explanatory factor in this model also reflects the ability of the architectural neural network to model the crashes. The obtained results show that using the variables introduced, prediction of accidents can be used in terms of the rate and severity of accidents (incidence, fate or damage). Also, the impact of atmospheric factors on the occurrence of accidents is an undeniable fact, and it is necessary to modify the routes, increase road safety and inform the drivers, to reduce accidents during the occurrence of precipitation or frost and mist conditions

Road transport in our country the most common and the most accessible method is the movement of goods and passengers. Motor vehicles in road transport revolutionized and brought many benefits to human society. Unfortunately, the interests of human casualties have been accrued on the road. Road accidents as a result of a combination of various environmental factors, behavioral and technological occur. Weather conditions in recent years as one of the most important factors affecting road accidents has attracted the attention of many researchers and numerous studies have been conducted in this area.In the present study, the effect of climatic factors on road accidents in the country one of the axes (Axis of Bandar Sirjan) is studied. Therefore, climatic parameters of temperature, ice, snow, rain, cloudiness, precipitation, visibility, horizontal, relative humidity and sunshine hours and accidents as independent variables in the study area were chosen as the dependent variable.
After analysis, it was found that the temperature climatic parameters in the study area had the greatest impact on accidents. It was found that the largest number of accidents occurred on weather conditions Sun temperature more than 25 degrees. At the end of the road in terms of accident risk zoning maps in each of the different climatic conditions to the axis of the draw.Unlike cold and dry in the snow and icy conditions most effective factor in the accident, in the south of the country, especially in the arid and hot climate, temperature element, the main cause of accidents. Accordingly, it is proposed the construction of a road weather station at the center of the above, to observe the minute weather conditions, temperature in hot conditions elsewhere.

One of the major problems of mankind today's urban life, devotion too much to move the cars and the result of the negligence of pedestrian movement and is organizing its spaces.Spaces and public areas is one of the essential elements of everyday urban life and are the most important cities. Walking is one of the most sustainable methods of transport and can be of various aspects of physical, social, ecological, cultural, economic and political development would be sustainable cities. Strategies to improve the safety of pedestrians used to be the most comprehensive in the form of " 3E "(engineering, education, enforcement) is expressed. The separation movement of pedestrians from vehicles in urban areas and also how construction of transverse crossings (overpasses - underpasses - level) in urban and suburban areas to ensure the safety of pedestrians is a good indicator. Key factors in crashes involving pedestrians, such as speed, lack of facilities for pedestrians, are insufficient to pedestrians and lack of law enforcement were sufficient in this paper tried using the method of collecting descriptive - the library of each of these factors examined and analysis should be And strategies for improving pedestrian safety as well as optimize expression in order to protect pedestrians in car crashes has also been studied.

By considering different variables that cause accidents, we can refer to unauthorized speed and driving offenses which are as one of the most important factors in accidents. There are relatively good studies around the world to model the relationship between different variables and the probability of accidents.. but so far, a few studies have been done on the impact of three independent variables (the number of traffic violations, transportations and unauthorized speed) on the number of accidents. Therefore,this study aims to predict the number of accidents according to the collected information in previous researches.

This research is a descriptive-analytical study, which was considered as the axis of study of Tabriz-Keshwin axis which is based on field research and documentation reviews. Based on the statistics of crashes on the freeway, the research hypotheses were analyzed using SPSS software. Considering that the collected data is small and the research is to investigate and determine the relationship between the variables, Pearson correlation coefficient has been used to measure the relationship. Also, with regard to the acceptance of the linear relationship between research variables, linear regression has been used to find the relation equation.

Information related to number of traffic violations, transportations were collecting and evaluating in consecutive years. After calculating it was realized that 31 percent of the dependent variables changes’ was related to independent variables mentioned above. Other changes were related to variables which were not considered in the study.

 It is suggested to be issued to reduce violations related to speed with the field of software launching for the issuance and distribution of a fine or online SMS for offenders who are unauthorized speed, so that violations and accidents will continue to decline.

Novice driver's lack of awareness, especially driver's license applicants, of potential traffic hazards while driving can cause dangerous situations and lead to an accident. In this study, through designing a dynamic hazard perception test consisted of 6 hazardous situations, a comparison between novice and experienced drivers in recognition of danger was made. The participants were comprised of 53 driver's license applicants and novice drivers and 34 experienced drivers. The inexperienced groups reacted less quickly to potentially hazardous situations or even were not able to recognize them compared to experienced driver's group. Cronbach's alpha was 0.781; there was good reliability.The results indicate that the novice driver's awareness in recognition of potential traffic hazards needs to be raised before they join the cycle of traffic. This research was conducted with the support of the Research Center of Iran's Traffic Police.

Slipperiness of the road surface is one of the factors which increase the risk of accidents, Road friction changes with change pavement texture. In this research tried to study on the effect of the mean surface macrotexture depth on the accidents. This field study has been performed by examining the statistical information related to traffic and accidents and case study of a street with heavy traffic in Tehran. Sand patch test was used to determine mean surface macrotexture depth. Finally indicated that macrotexture depth of pavement decreases by time and traffic crossing. First this decrease is more and then gradually declines. Results have shown that number of accidents decreased sensibly by modifying pavement texture.