جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "روان شناسی" در نشریات گروه "روانشناسی"

The view of a theorist in humanities about the human nature can influence his scientific findings. The naturalist-empiricist dispute has been one of the historical and lengthy discussions regarding the human\'s nature The present study aims at reviewing and investigating the anthropological foundations of three psychological schools, i.e. psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanism, according to the theory of \'human nature\' and by relying on the religious doctrines. This study is a fundamental one and uses the method of content analysis. The findings of the study showed that the followings are among the most important anthropological foundations of theories in classical psychology: - \"The dominance of corporeal natural interpretation of the man\"; - \"The dominance of the positivist approach in interpretation of the man\"; - \"Interpreting the man on the basis of sensual self-foundation\" - \"The dominance of materialistic mechanical interpretation of the man\"; - \"The dominance of relying on empirical methodology in interpretation of the man\"; This study showed that the viewpoint of the existing psychological approaches about human being is a humanistic view based on the centrality of empirical reason, while the viewpoint of the naturalistic approach to human being is based on the standard of the perfect and healthy man and the reason connected to revelation Besides, this study showed that the concept of \"human nature\" in classical psychological theories refers to the \'instinct\' or the \'genetic\', which are meaningfully different from the related concept in Islamic texts.

The aim of this study was to investigate the quantitative status of psychology graduates. In this research, the documentary method was used. In this regard, the statistics of Iranian higher education, which is the most authoritative document in this field and has been published by the Iranian Institute of Higher Education Research and Planning from the academic year 1348-49 to the academic year 1399-1400 were reviewed and analyzed. Findings showed that in the last 47 academic years, approximately 211,181 people were educated from the total number of psychology majors, which is approximately 8% of the total humanities graduates in the three bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees. The total number of female psychology graduates is three times that of male graduates, and a total of 75% of psychology graduates are women. This is an advantage in all three levels of undergraduate, graduate and doctoral. This is especially true at the undergraduate level, where female graduates are more than 3.5 times as likely as male graduates. Psychology graduates in undergraduate, graduate and doctoral degrees accounted for 69%, 30% and 1% of the total psychology graduates, respectively. The results of this study show that psychology is one of the most popular academic disciplines among students, especially women, and has had a very significant quantitative growth, especially at the undergraduate level.

Psychology has been taught as "Elmon-Nafs" for more than a thousand years as one of the main branches of philosophy in scientific centers of Iran. In regard to Iranians' acquaintance with modern psychology Ali Akbar Siassi started teaching the first psycho-logy course at the School of Political Science. Siassi's works and services have played a significant role in the development of scientific psychology in Iran, therefore he is known as the founder and the father of modern psycho-logy in Iran. In this qualitative research, using biographical method, his scientific and cul-tural-political services were examined. The set of Siassi's activities and services can be grouped into two areas: teaching and expan-ding psychology in Iran, and improving the literacy and general culture of the inhabitants of Iran. Teaching the first psychology course founding the first psychology lab, writing the first textbook of psychology, and founding the Iranian Psychological Association, are exam-ples of the first area, and developing the legal Teacher Training Bill, and passing the Com-pulsory and Free General Education Act are examples of the latter. The combination of these actions has made Siassi a permanent figure in the history of psychology in Iran that is short, and an influential figure in the field of promoting contemporary Iranian culture.

The purpose of this study is to examine the phenomenology of the inclination of students with unrelated disciplines to study psychology and counseling. The research method is qualitative and phenomenological, and the study is in-depth. Using a phenomenological qualitative research method, 20 individuals (17 females and 3 males) were selected among those who have studied in other fields of counseling or psychology at the undergraduate level and at the master’s or PhD level, one of the two in 2020. They were selected according to the principle of saturation and by repeating the responses through a purposive sampling method, and answered a semi-structured interview. The research findings were categorized separately and the participants were presented individually for each question. The Colaizzi’s seven steps of phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the participants did not change their field of study due to various reasons, including internal factors such as lack of interest or external factors such as impracticality. According to the participant, one of the effective factors in changing the subject may be the social status compared to the previous subject in the society. It seems it is neccessery to consult an informed advisor to identify real interests and skills, which avoids wasting capital, time, and human and social energy.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching the concepts of positive psychology to students on their achievement motivation and the quality of life. The statistical population included the postgraduate students of the second semester of 1398- 99 (2019 -2020) academic year of  Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch. The sample group included 30 students selected by available sampling method. They were randomly divided into experimental (15) and control (15) groups.  This quasi – experimental research included a pretest and a post test with a control group. The research tools included the Shiner and Seligman Protocol, Bahawu Bahareh motivation test and The Quality of Life Test of the World Health Organization. The experimental group received Shiner (2008) 90 minutes’ positive psychology training sessions for six weeks in weekly sessions. The collected data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Research findings showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in motivation for progress and quality of life. In other words, students who participated in the training sessions (the experimental group) demonstrate a meaningful increase in the scores achievement motivation and the quality of life tests than the control group. Therefore, the hypothesis was confirmed i.e. teaching the concepts of positive psychology has a positive and significant effect on students’ achievement motivation and quality of life. Therefore, it can be acknowledged that motivation has a fundamental role on the formation of personality, mental health and achievement of the students. So, students like all human beings need motivation to progress.

The book "Science of Mind or Psychology from the Standpoint of Edu-cation" by Ali Akbar Siassi (1938) is mentioned as the first academic textbook of psychology in Iran. In this article, an attempt has been made to review and critique this work according to the book review method of the Council for the Study of Humanities Texts. This work has most of the apparent indicators of the books, including the title page, preface, table of contents, list of terms, list of names, and list of gravures (photos, figures, tables, and diagrams). The lack of an introduction, both at the beginning of the book and at the beginning of the chapters, and the lack of a list of sources at the end of the book are among the most significant shortcomings of this work in the later form. In terms of content, the relevance of the book's content to the current topics of general psychology, the organization of the book's chapters according to the topics of the science of mind, attention to empirical psycho-logy, pioneering word retrieval, attention to educating children and adolescents, examining important theories of psychology and Criticism of them, and attention to Iranian sources, are among the strengths of the book. The weak-nesses in refe-rencing and not updating the latest editions of the book, are among the most significant shortcomings of this work.

The present study was conducted to investigate illness attitude based on patient coping styles and caregiver burden. This is an applied research work, and with regard to data collection it is correlational-descriptive research. The statistical population consisted of all the disabled veterans referring to Sasan Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2017-2018, from among whom a group of 50 people were selected as the sample according to the formula of sampling without alternative using a pre-study. The data collection instruments were three questionnaires: the Illness Attitudes Scale, the Caregiver Burden Inventory and Stress Coping Styles Questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed, and first the research was assumed to be normal and the results indicated that the research data had a normal distribution. Based on Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analyses in SPSS23 software at the significance level of 0.05, the results of the first hypothesis showed that time-dependent burden and emotional burden had a significant negative relationship with illness attitude. The regression results also showed that time-dependent burden and emotional burden variables can predict attitude toward illness, and also problem-oriented coping style had a significant negative relationship with attitude toward illness. Regression results further revealed that problem-oriented coping style can predict attitude toward illness. Therefore, attitude toward illness can be explained with stress coping style and caregiver burden variables.

Positivity and positive thinking is concept that special attention has attracted in psychology and religion. Psychology at the beginning of its emergence more attention to negative points of human existence, such as the treatment of disease and trauma but recently positive psychology prospective which one of the new approaches is in psychology, Unlike traditional psychology, instead of emphasis on diseases and injuries focused on humans positive traits and abilities, such as happiness, hope, optimism, well-being and other aspects of human existence. in the other hand, is seen in Islam is always positivity and positive thinking is the many emphasis has been for mental and mind health. so the purpose of present paper is a comparative study of Islam and psychology view in relate to positivity component and dimensions in human. the method of present study is inductive- analytical research, thus with collecting data from Islamic and psychology texts, to explore the concept of positivity and attitude towards in human. In general, it can be concluded that not only there is no difference between main core of psychological and Islamic meaning of positivity but also in the two approaches there are similar fairly view to positivity and positive thinking and in the other hand In Islam and psychology too, although has been attention to negative aspects of human existence, but in general in two approaches there are positive fairly view to human and its existence dimensions.

One of the properties which is always has been regarded and man has experienced is “Jealousy”. It has been prohibited in the Quran and traditions and is considered one of the three principles of atheism. In Islamic texts, Jealousy has been translated to "Desire to decline favor of another". On the other hand, "envy", versus “Jealousy”, is mentioned that gaining blessing instead declining favor of another blessing for individual purpose is concerned. “Jealousy” has caused to attempt in Islamic texts and sources. Some research has been done about it; but these studies have faced methodological shortcomings. Hence, the target of this study, first of all, is to identify the concept, features and aspects of jealousy in the Qur'an and hadith texts and comparing it with the concept of jealousy in psychology. The second step is to reach an integrated Islamic pattern, based on the findings and research results. The results obtained with respect to the root of jealousy, "H s d", are five cases; in which the position of the suras with the subject jealousy has come once in ”Meccan suras” which contain sura Al-Falagh(twentieth revealed sura) and three times in “Madani Suras”, including Al-Fath(one hundred and twelfth revealed sura) ,Al-Nisa (ninety-second revealed sura) and sura Al-Bagarah(eighty-seventh revealed sura).Therefore, the most suras with the subject of jealousy can be considered “Madani”. In the traditions of Bihar al-Anwar, jealousy, has been used 157 times. The determination of the concept and categorization of specified cases contained the following: The concept and typology of jealousy, the consequence of jealousy upon him self and the other, the appearance domain of jealousy, the types of jealousy, jealousy samples, the elements of jealousy formation, the quality of reducing and confronting with jealousy. It seems that jealousy is associated with areas of nature and partly learning. The two types of envy or jealousy or intrigue and neglect can be discussed too. This issue always has consequences for the individual and the other, provided objective criteria. Afterwards, it can be concerned for intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences. Although taking refuge in the Lord has been mentioned as the most central way to deal with jealousy in the text of Quran and traditions, but the cross-sectional manners have introduced too. With these categories, we can speak of a coherent pattern that is sometimes different, sometimes in parallel with the science of psychology.

In this paper, Dervin’s sense-making methodology as one of the well-known theories in communication science is introduced and its implications for humanities research process is discussed. Sensemaking is the process of constructing mental framework out of encountered situations in such a way that guides behaviors and makes them meaningful. Despite the diversity of theoretical domains, existing sensemaking models consider sensemaking an essential component of human actions, especially in expertise-oriented fields. Dervin’s sense-making methodology is one of the two frontiers in this area. This metatheory includes a set of philosophical assumptions about human nature and the essence of human communication, and it presents a methodology based on those assumptions. Sense-making methodology has a critical approach to conventional research methods in human sciences and strives for maintaining advantages of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies by focusing on the complexity of human communication; nevertheless, it takes steps toward establishing communication axioms, which result in a very flexible methodology that could be utilized in a variety of human sciences. In the current paper, Dervin’s sense-making methodology is elaborated both in metatheoretical and methodological levels; then, some of the studies employing this methodology are mentioned. Finally, its epistemological approach to humanities studies is discussed.

The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated model of self-actualization based on humanistic theories to resolve problems in previous classifications.
The research method is qualitative thematic analysis with the statistical population of humanistic psychology texts including "Motivation and Personality", "The Farther Reaches of Human Nature", "Religions, Values ​​and Peak Experiences" and the article "Self-Actualization and Beyond" from Maslow; Rogers's book "On Becoming a Person"; "Man’s Search for Meaning" and "The Will to Meaning" from Frankl and "Pattern and Growth in Personality" and "Becoming" from Allport. Thematic analysis was applied to analyse data. After reviewing the texts and coding of the concepts, the themes were identified, classified and named.
Analysis of the Humanistic Psychologists texts was conducted to four main themes. The findings show that self-actualization has four " transcendental self", "aware self", "creative self" and "social self" factors.
According to the model achieved in this study, developing a scale to measure self-actualization based on this integrated model, would reduce the effect of definition differences on self-actualization scores in various cultures.

As a social damage, divorce can affect family members, especially children and adolescents and leave negative effects on their social and emotional development. The present study was carried out to compare mental profiles among 180 female high school students from divorced and normal families in Gorgan in academic year 2014-2015. The population of the study comprised all high school girls in Gorgan and the sample was drawn through multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research method was causal-comparative. Required data were collected using the Iranian short form of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). For the purpose of data analysis, independent samples t-test was utilized. Results showed a significant difference between the two groups of high school girls from divorced and normal families in terms of all clinical scales, i.e., hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathy, paranoia, mental weakness, schizophrenia, and mania. Based on the overall results, it is concluded that not only does parents’ break up affect their own lives but it will also have even more adverse effects on their children.

In view of the Quran, the purpose of man's creation pursuit of perfection known and it depends on the company's self-esteem. The concept of self-esteem means the person continuous evaluation of the effectiveness of his invaluable and useful to themselves and society is mentioned. real self in relation to God makes sense "to God, all overseeing Valz·h" and man, with faith and good deeds will be lost in the shadow of the fear of God in this matter.In view of the Quran, the purpose of man's creation pursuit of perfection known and it depends on the company's self-esteem. The concept of self-esteem means the person continuous evaluation of the effectiveness of his invaluable and useful to themselves and society is mentioned. real self in relation to God makes sense "to God, all overseeing Valz·h" and man, with faith and good deeds will be lost in the shadow of the fear of God in this matter.

The purpose of this study was Developing and Validation of psychologists’ professional ethics Ques-tionnaire for Counselors. The method of this study was Correlation. The population were counselors and psychologists in Tehran. The sample was 178 married men and women of consultants who have a bachelor's degree or higher. The instrument of this study was Ethics Ques‌tionnaire for Counselors. Factor analysis revealed five factors in the questionnaire: informed consent was 90.29 percent of the total variance, upholding the law and culture was 75.6% of the total variance, transparency in the relationship was 64/4 percent of the total variance, and responsibility in crisis counseling was 13.4 percent and ethics in applying was 89.3% of the total variance. Test-retest reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.81, and the internal consistency was 0.92. Ethics questionnaire regarding the validity and reliability was the right tool for the assessment of professional ethics for Counselors