جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "منطقه یک شهر تهران" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

The purpose of this research is site selection of temporary accommodation centers in District 22 of Tehran with the help of effective criteria. These criteria are including Red Crescent, distance to bridge, distance to schools, distance to the main road, distance to the police station, distance to the gas source, distance to mosques, distance to food distribution centers, distance to metro lines, distance to Metro station, distance to health centers, distance to park and green space, distance to hospital, distance to fire stations, population density, earthquake risk, and slope. The novelty of this study is the use of an appropriate and sufficient combination of criteria for locating temporary accommodation sites. In this regard, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) method with two Gaussian and tri-cube kernels was used. This method is compatible with two unique properties of spatial data, namely spatial autocorrelation, and spatial non-stationarity. The values of R2 and RMSE obtained by the GWR method with tri-cube kernel were 0.9413 and 0.3470, respectively, which indicates the high compatibility of the tri-cube kernel with respect to the Gaussian kernel. The results also show that Chitgar Park and Azadi Sports Complex are some of the largest and most suitable areas for the construction of temporary shelters after the earthquake crisis in the case study.

Given that the physical quality of urban architecture in the 10th district of Tehran is facing, it is important to formulate the physical quality of urban architecture through the change of psychological components of the environment in this area. The main purpose of the research is to develop the physical quality of urban architecture (residential buildings) through the analysis of the psychological dimensions of the environment in the 10th district of Tehran to improve urban architecture for users, and the question is how to analyze and analyze the psychological dimensions. The environment developed urban architectural quality improvement strategies for users? A quantitative-quality method was used to answer this question. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of gathering information is a library and field studies with a questionnaire tool. Data analysis was also performed by the method of inductive reasoning and the use of one -way variance analysis and regression. The results showed that the main dimensions are categorized in functional, environmental, cultural, and motivational areas, and each of these dimensions has different components, the use of each of these micro -components together enhances the quality of residential buildings, followed by urban architecture. It becomes. Accordingly, the physical quality of the architecture of residential buildings by changing the psychological components of the environment in the 10th city of Tehran is: Understanding the nature of building materials that are sustainable in their nature and are in harmony with the region. While paying attention to the symbolic role of color and form in the body of residential buildings, both in terms of physical quality and in terms of improving and promoting motivational components of residents of the 10th district of Tehran, or as a significant element in urban architecture of this area, which can emotions and perceptions of individuals. To engage and improve their mentality for the quality of urban architecture in the area.

Social sustainability today, as the most important dimension of sustainable development, has an important place in urban planning and its importance in planning is constantly increasing with the increase of social problems and divergence between neighborhoods in terms of performance and participation. Therefore, this requires more research in urban studies. This study was conducted to investigate the role of social participation in the development of social sustainability in neighborhoods. For this purpose, the significance of the significant effect of these two variables has been measured. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data collection was library and field method. The statistical population of the study consists of a group of experts who were selected by the available method of 20 people as the sample size of the study. Data collection tool is a questionnaire based on theoretical foundations and studies conducted on a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using structural equations with the help of Emus software. The results showed that the social participation of citizens in neighborhoods with a coefficient (beta) of 0.732 has a positive effect on sustainable social development of these neighborhoods and the relationship between these two variables is significant. In other words, sustainable social development will be strengthened by strengthening social participation. And the variables of sense of belonging, satisfaction with the neighborhood, participation in neighborhood activities and trust also have a positive effect on the variables of social participation in neighborhoods.

Due to the importance of the quality of life factor in the urban planning system, attention to the concept of intelligence and the expansion of its influence is brought up more and more, which has drawn the attention of many thinkers to the concept of a smart city, which results in the review and presentation of factors and indicators effective in the realization of a smart city. One of the effective factors is the emergence of startups. Therefore, the current research aims to present a smart city model using startups, which is mixed in terms of purpose, practicality and terms of data analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative phase was considered to include experts in the fields of urban planning and urban management, and 11 experts were selected using the sampling method. In the quantitative phase, the senior and middle managers of the municipalities of Tehran were selected as the statistical population and 350 people were selected as the statistical sample. To perform descriptive and inferential analyses, Spss and PLS Smart software were used. The research results led to a research model including nine comprehensive themes and twenty-one constructive themes. The analysis between these two variables with a significant number (17.809) and path coefficient (coefficient 0.945) showed that startups have a positive and relatively strong significant effect on the smart city. According to the research findings, it should be said that nowadays new organizational architectures, changing strategies and start-ups are used to realize the smart city. Because the smart city is managed based on data and the use of complex information technology systems to integrate services and urban infrastructure. The main axis of transformation and development in the smart city is information technology, startups and urban innovations in line with the implementation and realization of the smart city They have a special place.

Today, urban management aims to achieve social welfare for all citizens, to find ways to improve the standard of living and ways to receive public services, and finally to provide the basic needs of urban society. This research aims to measure the performance variables of urban management regarding citizens' access to social welfare indicators in the 18th district of Tehran. The research method is "content analysis" and "survey". Data were collected using a questionnaire. SPSS and GIS software were used for data analysis. Based on the results of the integrated model of the average ranks in this research, the performance of urban management and its effect on the level of welfare of citizens using TOPSIS, FAZI, VIKOR and WASPAS models showed that the health neighbourhoods, Valiasr North, Sahibulzaman, and Valiasr South are in the rank of enjoyment. The areas of Ferdous Town, Imam Khomeini Town, Hefdeh Shahrivar, and Shahid Rajaei are in the category of semi-enjoyed urban welfare. The neighbourhoods of Yaftabad, and Shamsabad, are in the category of low enjoyment, and the neighbourhoods of Khaleej Fars and Sadeghieh are also in the rank of not enjoying urban welfare. A significant difference higher than 0.05 indicates that in Sadeghieh neighbourhoods with an average difference of -5.2, Gulf of Fars with an average difference of -4.88, and Shamsabad neighbourhood with an average difference of -4.83, the most dissatisfaction of citizens is seen. The indicators of the physical dimensions are different in the studied localities and health localities with an average difference (-0.27), Northern Valiasr (-0.32), Sahibul Zaman (-0.34), Southern Valiasr (-0.41) with a smaller difference and At a significance level higher than 0.05, it indicates that the performance of urban management in the welfare of citizens has been more than other localities

The 12 District population is equivalent to 17.5 percent of the Tehran population total and covers 2.7 percent of the Tehran area total; However, 32.9 percent of Tehran's crimes was committed in 12 District. The purpose of the present research is causes explanation of Hot-spot crimes formation in Tehran Metropolitan 12 District based on location deviation theory components (poverty, worn texture, density, and land use and population fluidity).

This article is an applied and descriptive-analytic one. Graphical statistical models have been used to spatial patterns identification of crime distribution in the city. For the data analysis, has used graphic-based statistical methods in GIS and T-statistics and Arc / GIS and SPSS software.

Crime concentration has happened in the Arg Pamenar, Ferdowsi-Laleh Zar, Baharestani Saadi, Mokhtari Takhty, Jaleh Absardar Qayyam, Kowsar, Gushesh Shoosh and Siruszones. The crimes percentage highest occurred in worn out blocks of 60-40 percent, 80-60 percent, 100-80 percent. The crime rates highest were in commercial use (55 percent of total crimes), residential (21.07 percent), services (9.22 percent), industrial and workshop (6.96 percent). The population fluidity of the night (240 thousand people) and the day (2 million people) has caused the phenomenon of night-life and urban crime.

Based on the one-sample t-test, the significance value of the research components is less than 0.05. The inadequacy of the components of poverty, burnout, density, land use and population fluidity (less than 3) has been confirmed due to the negative t-statistics, high and low limits and low average in region 12.

smart growth is an approach to sustainable urban development that addresses issues and problems resulting from the widespread urban sprawl of metropolitan areas. This approach reinforces social equality and environmental justice with micro- and macro-level policies, as well as discussing aspects of sustainability.

The research method is analytical in terms of descriptive type and practical. The data collection method is a library and field. The statistical population of the population lives in the 12th district of the metropolitan area of Tehran (241475 people), which was determined to be 400 people. Research variables have included intelligent urban growth in 10 components and sustainable social development in 8 components. Used for data analysis from the indicators of center orientation (mean) and scattering (standard deviation and scattering coefficient) and structural equation modeling from the partial least squares (PLS) approach.

The results of descriptive statistics through the indicators of tendency to the center and dispersion showed that the score of the variable intelligent urban growth is in the range of 2.51 to 3.5, which is somewhat desirable. Also, the variable score of sustainable social development along with all its components based on the 5-level spectrum is in the range of 2.51 to 3.5, which is somewhat desirable. Also, the results in the effect of dependent independent variables concerning structural equation modeling showed that the effect of smart urban growth on sustainable social development at the level of significance coefficient of 1.005 and the level of significance level of 0.315 is not significant.

Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable social development in District 12 of Tehran, the smart growth strategy should be considered as the main strategy in sustainable urban planning.

In the midst of environmental hazards, earthquakes destroying buildings and urban infrastructure, it causes a great deal of damage to property and property in and around urban areas. Facing this situation, developing resilient communities is the most appropriate strategy to deal with the earthquake crisis. The first step in a principled and conscious planning of creating resilient communities, measuring the resilience of urban structures against possible earthquakes. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the physical resilience of district 6 of Tehran against various earthquake scenarios. Ten effective criteria were used to measure 46 sub-criteria that were effective in physical resilience of the area. The research method is descriptive-analytical with practical purpose. To Analyze the Relative Weight of Criteria and Sub-Criteria of Network Analysis (ANP) and for designing earthquake scenarios at different intensities Fuzzy method and Dµ model in GIS environment were used. The results of the study showed that In earthquake of six magnitude 12.36% of total structures in the region Most located in one district municipality (Iranshahr neighborhood) and 2 district municipality (Nosrat neighborhood), They have little resilience to earthquakes. In Richter earthquake of seven, 55.24% of structures in the region have low resilience and 17.69% of structures have very little resilience to earthquakes. In the Eight earthquake of eight, with increasing earthquake intensity, 23.06% of structures in the region have low resilience and 53.31% of structures have low resilience. Most of these structures are located in district 6 of Tehran city in district 1 (Iranshahr and Valiasr neighborhood), 2 (Nosrat neighborhood), 3 (Behjat Abad and Ghaem neighborhoods), 4 (Fatemi neighborhood) and 5 (Argentina neighborhood).

Since the attention of specialists and urban managers has been turned towards the preservation and revival of the central and historical tissues of the cities, several theories and approaches have been explained in this direction. One of the most important approaches that is used today is the regeneration of worn-out urban tissues. One of the most important issues related to the regeneration of worn-out tissues is the creation of value to create complementary roles for these tissues through other existing potentials and spatial advantages of the area through the implementation of development-stimulating projects. For this purpose, after introducing regeneration approaches, this research has tried to combine the principles of regeneration with the components of value creation in the urban context in the form of a theoretical research framework. In this regard, by using the descriptive-analytical method, the answer to the question is sought, what is the role of development-stimulating projects in the regeneration of worn-out urban tissues (region 11)? The statistical population of the expert group includes professors and doctoral students in the fields of geography, urban planning and urban planning, and the statistical sample size in this research, which was obtained through the Sample Power software, is 30 people. Then, by using structural equations and Imus software, indicators have been evaluated. The results obtained by using descriptive and inferential statistics obtained from Imus software indicate the existence of a significant relationship with the positive impact of development-stimulating projects in the physical-spatial dimension with a path coefficient of 0.56, social with a path coefficient of 0.49, and economic with a coefficient of 0.49. The route is 0.40 and the environment with the coefficient of the route is 0.35 and in total the development stimulating projects with the coefficient of the route is 0.63 on the regeneration of worn-out tissues
Extended Abstract

In recent decades, various approaches have been proposed to solve the urban problems of worn-out structures which most of them have paid more attention to the physical dimension of the regions than other ones. The unsuccessful implementation of this plan has led to attention to a new approach to these failures. One of the main approaches in the field of sustainability is the revitalization of urban contexts and the emphasis on regeneration policy, and among them, urban regeneration through development stimulus projects is used as effective and efficient projects in problematic urban contexts to solve physical, environmental, social and economic problems. These projects are one of the new policies in urban development in general, and in worn-out contexts in particular. Development stimulus projects are the introduction of a new element, such as design, policy-making, or event groundwork in the urban context, which, by positively affecting existing elements, leads to continuous and gradual regeneration of its interconnected domain.
In this regard, District 11 of Tehran have special physical and functional importance compared to other districts of Tehran due to its specific political, economic and religious position and centrality.  Despite the existence of numerous valuable places, half of the region has an inefficient texture and urban decay. According to the statistics published by Tehran Municipality in 2016, more than 10% of the worn-out structures of Tehran have been allocated to District 11, where the neighborhoods of Agahi, Foroozesh, Qalamestan and RahAhan are the most worn-out ones of District 11. Unorganized condition of worn-out and vulnerable textures, insufficiency and problems of the road network, lack of land allocation to service land uses in proportion to the size of the population living in the neighborhoods of the region, interference of residential textures with workshop centers, lack of green space, conversion of residential units into centers of work and activity, exhaustion of infrastructure facilities, exhaustion of the physical texture of the region are among the problems and issues of the worn-out texture of the region. Due to the strategic location of the region and the position of the political and military centers of the city, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of the worn-out texture of this region in the form of stimulus projects. In this regard, the present study seeks to explain the role of development stimulus projects in the regeneration of worn-out urban texture in the study area (Region 11) to answer the following questions: What is the role of development stimulus projects in regenerating worn-out urban structures in Tehran's 11th district? What is the relationship between the variables of development and regeneration projects?
 
 

The present study is applied and descriptive-analytical research in terms of purpose and method. The required information was collected through library and field methods. The statistical population of the present study is a group of experts including professors and doctoral students and the size of the statistical sample in this study using Sample Power software is 30 people. Data evaluation was performed through a five-point Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was accepted using the formal method and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by the Cronbach's alpha method with a score of 0. 823.Then, the final data analysis was performed using structural equations and AMOS software.
 
 

The results of the tables of structural validity and reliability show that fortunately the modified measurement model has both structural reliability and validity. The results of the analysis of the fit indices of the research model in AMOS software indicate that the model fit is acceptable because the modified measurement model of the research is in a possible fit position in terms of economical, absolute and comparative indices. Based on all the indicators which met the desired limit, the researcher can claim that the research model has a good fit.
 
 

The results showed that the indicators of physical-spatial, social, economic and environmental projects have a significant and positive effect on the variable of regeneration of worn-out texture of the neighborhood. The path coefficient (beta) of the intensity of the effect and the direction of these examined paths have also been evaluated positively. According to the beta value, the path of physical-spatial projects to regenerate worn-out texture with a coefficient of 0.56, social projects on regenerating worn-out texture with a coefficient of 0.49 and economic projects on regenerating worn-out texture with a factor of 0.40 and finally worn-out texture environmental projects with 0.632 and the variable of development stimulus projects have an effect on the regeneration of worn-out texture with a coefficient of 0.63. It can be explained that the regeneration of the region by relying on development stimulus projects according to the needs and requirements of the region and considering the visa status of the region on the one hand preserves the social and economic system of the region (given the existence of revolution and Valiasr market order in this region) and subsequently prevent the destruction of their physical structure. On the other hand, it will lead to strengthening of the cultural and artistic structure of this region (due to the existence of Roudaki cultural-artistic zone and Shahriar sidewalk and the two cultural elements of Vahdat Hall and Shahr Theater), so new currencies are being added in this regard. Finally, it becomes a living place in harmony with today's life and needs and in proportion to the function of the region. Motivated-Development projects should be considered as a comprehensive and integrated vision in regeneration projects of various physical, spatial, social, cultural, economic and environmental dimensions.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Green city as a relatively new title in the field of urban planning and urban planning is trying to achieve high compatibility with the environment and urban decisions to the desired result. Areas of District 13 and lands forming the Green City in District 13 of the Tehran metropolis have been done. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The data type is quantitative and consists of green city indicators that have been ranked in the region using multi-indicator decision models (TOPSIS). In order to study the potentials of the green city, the four areas of this region are ranked based on 15 indicators of the green city using the TOPSIS model and show which of the areas has more potentials.And it is better for the realization of the green city in this region that the results showed that the fourth district with the value of TOPSIS 0.96 ranks first among the four districts of the 13th region for the realization of the green city. In other words, District 4 has the greatest capacity to achieve a green city.

Achieving a livable city as an approach resulting from the theory of sustainable development is of great importance. The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate sustainable urban indicators and variables and provide a comprehensive model to explain the effective factors in achieving a livable city The statistical population of the study included the residents of District 10 of Tehran, and the research method was descriptive-analytical and a survey. The main instruments of data collection in this study were a questionnaire, interview, and observation. The results of statistical analysis showed that four social, economic, physical, and environmental factors play an important role in achieving a livable city, and the economy is the most important factor among the other factors.

In today's urban planning literature, the neighborhood is considered as a social structure and a cultural phenomenon with a clear border and identity and various factors are crucial and effective in weakening or strengthening it. Today, local communities exercise a positive impact on urban social sustainability on account of their nature. But despite the human focus on defining sustainability, it is Surprising that scant attention has been accorded to the definition of social sustainability in environmental disciplines. However, social sustainability is one of the three pillars and frameworks of sustainable development. One of the foremost categories of social sustainability is the socialization of neighborhoods for all social strata and groups and the occurrence of social interactions in light of social sustainability for them. The need to create social communities and interactions includes building trust, sense of belonging, and participation because the restoration of civil society and the promotion of participation shall not be possible without the restoration of local communities, the protection of the local public sphere, and the provision of local participation. And local communities are considered as one of the main prerequisites for moving towards a sustainable urban future. In other words, these communities are vital elements and one of the strategies for sustainable social development of a neighborhood. In the meantime, the metropolis of Tehran as a political, economic and social center of the country for reasons such as lack of social convergence, lack of social capital and participatory spirit among local residents, lack of sense of spatial belonging and weakness in neighborhood management ties in the field of social sustainability are prone to weaknesses and have not thus benefited from social capitals. And these issues have led to the loss of real formation of local communities among neighborhoods in Tehran and this has led to severe divergence in social interactions and communications. Therefore, this study aims to measure the effectiveness and the role of social interactions in neighborhoods pertaining to region 8 of Tehran in social sustainability. 

The present study has been developed by using a descriptive-analytical method with an applied nature in the form of structural equations. Data were collected by library and field method (by questionnaire). The statistical population of the experts group consists of geography and urban planning, urban planning and sociology, which is used to determine the sample size using SAMPLE POWER software and using structural equations method in the data analysis section, as well as in order to generalize and rate the scales and consider the confidence interval of 0.95 and the coefficient of influence of 0.19 and considering the number of hidden and obvious variables. One hundred people were estimated to be selected by simple random probable method. According to theoretical literature and background and studies, research variables including social sustainability as exogenous variable and local communities which can be measured by three social, economic and cultural variables were identified as endogenous variables and a total of 20 indicators. For a proper validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of professors and elites have been used so that the indicators explaining the indicators were sent to 25 people in the form of questionnaires and they were asked to measure the initial validity between the indicators of the questionnaire. Finally, the data collected in SPSS software and taking descriptive statistics and subsequent analysis in structural equations (SEM) were implemented. Data analysis was performed by Amos software.

In studying the paths and coefficients obtained in the research assumptions in the first stage, three economic, social and cultural conditions have a significant effect on local communities and local communities on social sustainability. Based on the amount of path coefficient (beta), the intensity of the effect and the direction of these studied pathways have also been evaluated positively. Beta value in the path of economic situation affects local communities with coefficient of 0.155, social status on local communities with coefficient of 0.570 and cultural status on local communities with coefficient of 0.403 and finally local communities affect social stability with coefficient of 0.632. Among the variables affecting local communities, social status had the greatest effect and then cultural status and finally economic status. Finally, local communities have an effect of 0.632 on social sustainability in region 8 of Tehran. In other words, if the exogenous variable (independent) of local communities changes one unit, social sustainability will change by 0.632 units in the same positive direction. Therefore, it can be said that the research hypothesis, which is the role of local communities on sustainable social development, will be confirmed. 

According to the conceptual model of the research, it was found that economic factors and social factors and cultural factors affect local communities, but the impact factor of each of these factors on local communities is different. The results which confirm the positive and significant role of local communities on social sustainability, with the results of Sajjadi and Vahedi Yeganeh (2017), who considered the role of local communities' participation in social sustainability significant and also, with the results of The Research of Dadashpour et al. (2012), which investigated and explained the position of trust in local communities and considered it significant; also, with the results of the research, Dadashpour et al. (2012), who investigated and explained the position of trust in local communities and considered it significant. The results achieved by Pourahmad et al explained that the role of neighborhood management in social sustainability is aligned.

One of these issues is the dysfunctional urban blighted, which has made life in such places difficult. Recreating a new approach to producing a space organization to create or renew urban relationships. The issue of the quality of urban spaces is one of the main axes in urban planning and management. The purpose of this study is futurism in relation to the quality of urban spaces with respect to aspects of urban regeneration in District 10 of Tehran. Findings showed that the factors of mobility, vitality, and dynamism (memory), satisfaction with the diversity of product offerings (diversity of economic activities), significant relationship between the establishment of different uses, the degree of natural supervision, cultural, physical, readability, location Suitable for lighting lights, the presence of fame and prestige of leisure spaces, the aesthetics of the building and the architectural style of existing buildings and the existence of study spaces are the most important factors in the quality of space for urban regeneration in District 10 of Tehran. In order to research the quality of a place with a regenerative approach, it is necessary to prevent the movement towards possible situations that have unfavorable conditions by performing proper planning and management of regional development plans and programs, and to take measures to provide the conditions for rising to desirable situations. We will see the implementation of scenarios that express the spring of the quality of urban spaces in the urban spaces of the study area.

Today, with the growing population and the expansion of cities, assessing the quality of urban life is of great importance. These evaluations give organizations and city managers a good perspective for future planning and budget allocation. In the meantime, there are various methods for assessing the urban quality of life, among which the combined use of GIS-MCDA can provide an assessment of the quality of urban life with unique capabilities of GIS. 

In this study, OWA method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods with two local and global approaches, was used to evaluate the quality of urban life. OWA is a method in which multi-criteria analysis is performed based on multiple and contradictory criteria and the best solution is selected. In fact, the OWA method is a risk-based approach in MCDA. In other words, this method introduces a new concept of Boolean decision-making method and weighted linear combination that has different degrees of risk (risk-taking). The OWA operation develops a variety of strategies, from the highly pessimistic mode defined in AND to the highly optimistic mode defined as OR in Boolean logic. The risk level can be adjusted by determining the degree of ORness from 0 to 1. 

To select the evaluation criteria, first the available resources in this field were examined and then the opinions of experts were collected. Because local conditions are different and people in different places may have different criteria for the quality of life, similar criteria were combined and criteria were localized. Finally, these data were collected in six layers including: traffic, population density, access to green space, access to health services, sidewalk condition and air pollution. Then, the weights of each layer were calculated using the AHP method with an inconsistency rate of 0.08. In the second phase, raster layers with pixels of 15, 30 and 60 were obtained, each of which covers an area of 225, 900 and 3600 square meters, respectively. This change in the size of different pixels and its sizes was calculated according to the area of each neighborhood and reaching the appropriate pixel size for the study area. The reason for this variation in the pixel size of the layers produced is to study the effect of scale and achieve a scale suitable for the study area because over-shrinking the pixel size increases the cost of collecting field data while increasing processing time and data collection. Also, the large size of the pixels will cause merging and generalization and will make the ranking of places unrealistic. Therefore, the necessary care must be taken in the size of the pixels. Surveys on six neighborhoods including: Islamic Revolution, Valiasr, University of Tehran, Ghaem Magham, Behjatabad and Laleh Park and layers of air pollution, traffic, access to health services, sidewalk quality, access to green space and population density showed the use of local and global approach, Changes in pixel size and varying degrees of risk-taking can each have a direct and enormous direct effect on the results of the urban quality assessment process. With the change of each of the cases, while a significant change in the classification area in many cases occurs, the ranking of the regions also changed. In examining different approaches, using a degree of risk-taking of 0.7 and pixel sizes of 30 and 60 with a 5 * 5 filter has given better results. Therefore, due to the high sensitivity of the expressed variables and the direct effect of the weight of each layer, high care must be taken in selecting the variables and the weight of the experts. 

Comparing the two approaches, it can be seen that in the local approach, in general, "completely undesirable" areas are more scattered in the center and southeast. While in the global method, the dispersion of "completely undesirable" areas does not have a fixed cumulative pattern in the area and its effect can be seen throughout the neighborhoods in the form of small and large spots. It is evident from the results that "Fully desirable" areas in this approach are mostly seen on the outskirts of parks and boulevards. According to the results, the highest percentage of "perfectly desirable" floor area compared to the area itself is related to conditions with a degree of risk of 0.7, 3 * 3 window and a pixel size of the input layers of 15 meters.

Over the past few decades, the social sustainability of urban areas has become an important planning model in developed countries. The present study aims to assess the social sustainability of urban neighborhoods in District 15 of Tehran with an emphasis on the land-use mix index. The land-use mix and distribution of activities are among the factors affecting the social sustainability of urban neighborhoods. These two factors are examined with items such as accessibility of land-uses, distribution of land-uses, diversity and equality of land-uses, age and compatibility of land-uses, design considerations in land-use planning are examined. And social sustainability, as a dependent variable, is investigated at the urban neighborhood level with items such as involvement and empowerment of local communities, sense of belonging to neighborhoods, security and health, capital and social solidarity, the cultural identity of neighborhoods, vitality of neighborhoods, social accountability and sense of neighborhood.

The present study is applied, descriptive-survey research in which data are collected using both library and field studies. Using a library study, the required indices are extracted by reviewing relevant studies and theories on land-use mix and sustainability. First, the land-use mix measure of each neighborhood is calculated using Shannon entropy and the studied indices in the neighborhoods are ranked using the COPRAS method. Due to the lack of a standard questionnaire on the research subject, a researcher-made questionnaire is used. The statistical population includes urban managers and experts as well as the residents of the study areas. The sample size is estimated to be 385 using Cochran's formula. The questionnaires are distributed according to the population of the neighborhoods. The reliability of the questionnaire is estimated to be above 0.8 using Cochran's alpha, indicating that the items or questions are fully related to each other. To analyze the relationships between variables. Spearman's correlation coefficient, descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as one-sample t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test, are used in SPSS software.

 In total, 81.2% of the respondents are men and 17.9% are women. Most of the respondents are in the 38-52 age group. The results of Shannon entropy show the weights of each land-use mix index, with the greatest weight (0.9943) for the component of accessibility to land-uses and the least weight (0.7542) for the component of design considerations in land-use planning. The studied neighborhoods are at different levels in terms of social sustainability; so the neighborhoods of North Afsariyeh (NJ= 98.23), South Afsariyeh (NJ= 96.83), and North Kianshahr (NJ=84.23) have the best situation in the land-use mix indices while the neighborhoods of Hashemabad (NJ = 27.043), and Minayi (NJ = 22.43) are in the worst condition.

The results of the research show that in the studied neighborhoods, "accessibility to land-uses" (β = 0.485), "the density of land-uses" (β = 0.482), and "the distribution of land-uses" (β = 0.479) are the most important indices of social sustainability, respectively. The social sustainability of urban neighborhoods is affected by several factors, one of which is the land-use mix index. The present study is conducted to investigate the social sustainability of urban neighborhoods in District 15 of Tehran with an emphasis on the effectiveness of the land-use mix index. To investigate the social sustainability of neighborhoods, the following indicators are studied: involvement of local communities, sense of belonging, security, social capital, cultural identity, vitality, and social accountability. Moreover, to investigate the impact of the land-use mix index on social sustainability, the following indicators are investigated: accessibility of land-uses, land-use density, distribution of land-uses, land-use diversity, age, and compatibility of land-uses, are design considerations in land-use planning. Weighting land-use mix indices using Shannon entropy shows that the greatest weight (0.9943) belongs to the "accessibility of land-uses" component. In the next step, in order to measure the social sustainability of urban neighborhoods, the VIKOR method is used.

The aim of this study was to investigate the unbalanced urban growth using quantitative models. The quantitative indicators used in this study included relative entropy, Morans index, Gini coefficient, Holdern model and Vertical-to-Horizontal Growth (VHG) index. The current research method was comparative analytical and applied-developmental. In this study, scattered urban using various quantitative criteria such as Shannon entropy, Gini coefficient, Moran index, Holdern model and VHG index were examined. The entropy of the population in 2018 was 0.96 and compared to 2011 has increased and is closer to one. Therefore, the entropy of 2018 compared to 2011 showed a greater dispersion of the population in 2018. The Moran coefficient in the two time periods of 2012 and 2019 indicates the cluster aggregation pattern. Considering the total calculated coefficients, it can be said that District 22 of Tehran has a scattered pattern and its scattering pattern is not a complete unipolarity. The density in region 1 is higher than in other regions, and in other regions (2, 3, and 4) the scattering pattern is more prevalent. According to the results of the Holdern model, in the study area, urban growth was more related to population growth except for District 4. The results of VHG index showed the dominance of vertical growth in the study area. In order to effectively control urban sprawl, an integrated plan for urban land use and intensive development strategies should be developed.

It is necessary to have an active and dynamic urban community with sustainable dimensions, crime prevention and security. This issue, along with estimating basic needs, is considered as one of the main pillars of sustainability in the growth and development of cities. The category of urban security in public spaces, which is always a refuge for the peace and comfort of citizens, is very important. District 15 of Tehran as one of the marginal areas and the main entrance of Tehran in the southeast of Tehran, by accepting all kinds of ethnicities and immigrants to live in this area, increasing the rate of marginalization, the existence of drug addicts, beggars, sleeping cartons, working children and etc., has become a suitable bed for creating insecure and abnormal spaces and increasing the amount of crime in this area. For this purpose, according to the characteristics of the district, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effective components on urban security in order to achieve the dimensions of a sustainable city in this region.

The present study is part of “applied" and "descriptive-analytical" researches with a structural approach to urban security. Library studies and documents related to the research topic were used to collect the descriptive part of the research and for the analytical part of the research, security analysis in urban spaces of 15th district of Tehran has been done by using a survey method and a questionnaire in three dimensions of fundamental, dynamics and safety. To analyze the research data from Pearson correlation statistical tests to evaluate the internal relationship of components, t-test to evaluate the priority of components and diagnostic analysis model to predict the process of security in district 15 according to the components of the structuralist approach in SPSS software, were exerted.The statistical population of this research consists of 659468 residents of 15th district of Tehran. The statistical sample size was estimated to be 384 using Cochran's formula`. The data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire that was randomly distributed and collected among the sample size. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, the KMO measure was used in the form of factor analysis test, the validity of which was evaluated at 0.76 and at an appropriate level. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient test was exerted. The following result indicates the general confirmation of the reliability of the questionnaire with a coefficient of 0.79.

Proper analysis of spatial patterns of crime and social harm is a vital issue for cities and is one of the important social criteria of societies. The discovery of such patterns could be the starting point for further research on other topics. The damage distribution map shows that the spatial distribution of these indicators is not random and follows a specific spatial pattern. These patterns are the result of a set of economic, social, cultural, and behavioural processes. District 15 of Tehran has the highest statistics of social harms and various crimes among other ones. On the other hand, the distribution of crime in Tehran shows that the occurrence of social harms in the neighbourhood and the region is more prominent. Therefore, it can be said that "Social harms in Tehran are mainly regional and neighbourhood identities, and so that their geographical study is needed to achieve a community prevention model." In this regard, using a structuralist approach in this study, the components and indicators affecting urban security and the prevention and reduction of crime in the 15th district of Tehran were investigated. The structuralist approach to security, according to its theorizing process, evaluates the category of security based on the conditions of developing countries. Its components also indicate the root problems and challenges that can lead to insecurity in urban spaces in these countries. In this study, the components of this approach were evaluated in the 15th district of Tehran. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the explanation of security in urban areas of the region, the internal relationship of the selected components was assessed based on a structuralist perspective.

A- The assessment of urban security in the 15th district of Tehran has been correctly explained according to the components of the structuralist approach based on the high internal relationship between these components;B- The fundamental component was identified as an important component in identifying weaknesses based on priority analysis for better planning to identify strengths and weaknesses and according to the indicators of the three components of the structuralist approach;C- Based on the forecast of the process of achieving security in urban spaces of District 15 of Tehran, data analysis showed that according to the current situation, a better safety component can predict the process of achieving security in urban spaces of District 15.

In the last few decades, a decreasing trend is observed in livability of cities due to growth of technology and applying the modernity concept in the construction of cities, which causes the adverse effects on urban spaces. One of the most prominent of these effects, which can be called urban damage, is the decline of values associated with the sense of place in the formation of these spaces. This concern is especially highlighted in metropolises where technology has naturally grown faster. This study provides a framework to estimate the livability in Tehran metropolitan district 1 by considering the sense of place factors. In this way, a novel predictive model is developed based on the integration of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). To this end, several variables based on the sense of place including physical body, meaning, activity, social capital, sense of place, and mental quality of life are considered as predictive variables. Results indicate that the ANFIS-GA model (R=0.926) is the most accurate predictive model when all input parameters are included. Besides, the social capital index has very little effect on livability and the importance of mental quality of life index is more significantly than other indices and can lead to more improvements in livability of regions than other factors.