جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « employment » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

The purpose of this study is to study the impact of information and communication technology on rural employment in the central part of Aliabad Katoul city. For this purpose, the threshold approach (STAR) and annual data for the years 1399-1385 were used. In the present age, this technology has many effects on all aspects of human life. One of the most important effects of ICT is its impact on the economy and especially rural employment. Considering the development of ICT in the country's villages since the beginning of the 1980s, in this study, 30 villages from the central part of Aliabad Katoul have been selected as a sample. The results of model estimation show that the variables of ICT costs share of household costs and Internet penetration coefficient in both regimes have a positive and significant effect on employment. According to the research results, it is suggested that the government, by holding training courses to explain the skills of using this technology to the villagers in order to create jobs and income, seems necessary.

This study aimed to rate the entrepreneurship components in agricultural tourism with an interpretive structural modeling approach. In this qualitative research, Grounded Theory Method was used to identify the components, and interpretive structural modeling approach was used to rate them. In this regard, deep interviews were conducted with experts in the field of tourism and agriculture. The interviewees were selected using purposive sampling method and snowball technique. The criterion of sampling adequacy was the data theoretical saturation which obtained in the twentieth interview. After conducting the interviews, the components were extracted based on the Grounded Theory within three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Accordingly, "climatic and environmental attractions, diversity of cultivation patterns and experience and attitudes of tourists" as causal conditions, "rural planning and migration system" as intervening conditions and "capacity building and government support" as context conditions were identified. Strategies include "advertising and branding, management and planning, training and empowerment, and optimization of tourism patterns" and the consequences include "entrepreneurship development and job creation and economic growth and welfare". Also, using interpretive structural modeling, it was determined that advertising and branding, diversity of cultivation patterns and climatic and environmental attractions were at the fourth level, education and empowerment at the third level, tourism models selectivity at the second level and management and planning, capacity building and government support and experience and attitude of tourists came first. Therefore, it is suggested to encourage the private sector to invest in tourism-related infrastructure through advertising and proper awareness.

One of the most important factors affecting the quality of physically disabled people’s life is having suitable jobs. Therefore, this study aimed to provide the entrepreneurial model of physically disabled people with a creativity and self-employment approach. This research is descriptive with a sequential-exploratory mixed approach. Research data were collected using field-documentation method. In qualitative section, to identify the components, interviews were conducted with academic experts and managers of non-governmental departments being selected purposefully. The statistical sample in quantitative part included 306 members covered by the associations of the physically disabled being selected by simple-random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and mean extraction variance were used to measure reliability and validity, which were above 0.852 and 0.54 for all dimensions, respectively. Findings show that causal-conditions (readiness for change, complexity of entrepreneurial processes and environmental requirements of entrepreneurial processes) predict 53.1% of changes in phenomena (behavioral attitudes, attitudes of brokers and structural attitudes). Intervening-conditions (top managers' thinking, knowledge of different tools and managerial stability) and contextual-conditions (public sector thinking paradigm, structural issues and regulations) predict 10.7% and 67.4% of changes in strategies (process changes, valuation and entrepreneurial awareness), respectively. Phenomena predict 77.2% of changes in strategies, and strategies 73.2% of changes of consequences (self-actualization, innovation and creativity and thinking of new managers). Therefore, holding specialized workshops to improve the attitude of the country's top managers in the field of abilities of the disabled people is suggested to support their entrepreneurial actions.

The occurrence of floods during the 2019 water year in various parts of Iran has resulted in tremendous casualties and financial losses This study aimed at investigating the impact of the flood 2019 on the agricultural sector and the impacts of this sectoer’s damages on the other sectors of Iran's economy as well as determining the degree of dependence of the agricultural sector on other sectors. For this purpose, the generalized hypothetical extraction method of Dietzenbacher and Lahr was used in two scenarios. In the first scenario, first, the reduced share of the agricultural sector output during the flood was calculated at 28 percent; then, the estimated value was used to perform the generalized hypothetical extraction method in order to specify its impacts on the output and employment of the agricultural sector and the impact of this sector on the other economic sectors. In the second scenario, the same method was applied using a 10 percent negative shock in this sector. The study results indicated that in the first scenario, the economy's total output would decrease by approximately 130102 million IR rials (31.1 percent), and the agricultural sector as well as the electricity, water, and gas sub-sectors would be most affected; from an employment viewpoint, this reduction would have the highest impact on the agricultural sector followed by wholesale and retail services. In the second scenario, the economy's total output would decrease by approximately 68677 million IR rials (17.44 percent), having the highest impact on the output of the agricultural sector as well as the electricity, water, and gas sub-sector. Therefore, after compensating the damage in the agricultural sector, the damage to other economic sectors, especially the electricity, water and gas sub-sector (in terms of production), and the wholesale and retail services (in terms of employment) should be considered for compensation efforts.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of improving business environment on employment with considering the importance of employment and its impact on improving the business environment. For this purpose, in estimating the model in the form of a basic model at three levels (agriculture, industry and services) and two scenarios at each level, the method of panel data and seasonal data (2017:3 -2019:2) of 31 provinces has been used. The results of the estimations in each sector show that in the provinces where the employment rate of agriculture or industry or services is higher than other provinces, the effect of EBD on employment rate is positive. Of course, the sensitivity of the employment of the agricultural sector to the EDB that has a low elasticity and is equal to 0.34. Another finding is that, unlike in developed and developing provinces, where the EDB has no effect on the employment rate of the agricultural sector; In less development provinces, this effect is positive and equal to 0.1. Also, the positive effect of EDB on industrial employment rate has been observed only for developed provinces with a coefficient of 0.87. However, in this group of provinces, improving the business environment has an inverse effect equal to -0.03 on the employment rate of services and does not have a significant effect in developing and less development provinces.

Today, women have an important role in the field of business and economic growth of countries and it is necessary to provide suitable conditions for self-employment and business development in rural areas. The present study was conducted to investigate the barriers to the processing of rural women's businesses in the Tilabad watershed in Golestan province. This research was conducted based on the survey strategy and a 49-item questionnaire was used to collect the required data. All women in business were selected as the statistical population (N = 90) and due to their limitations, all of them were considered as the sample size. Based on the results of factor analysis, eight factors were identified as barriers to rural women's business. The results showed that "economic" barriers with an average of 7.87 and "supportive-managerial" barriers with an average of 6.78 were the most important barriers to rural women's business in the study area. The findings showed that the barriers to rural women 's business in the educational groups and participation in the training course were at a level of 99% and in the business type groups and having previous business experience at the level of 95% confidence. Therefore, increase local communication in order to improve the business environment in Dosta, renew government support policies for women entrepreneurs to provide financial capital to start women's start-up businesses by allocating low-interest and long-term loans with facilitation The conditions of receiving and repaying them are one of the most important research suggestions.

Economic of medium-sized businesses is one of the potential areas for increasing employment, especially for the vulnerable. This study aimed to identify the main dimensions and components of economic empowerment of clients supported by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. The research method was survey and the data were collected through reference to existing documents and questionnaires. The sample size is 384 designs based on Cochran model. Research questions have also been inferentially analyzed using the structural equation method. The conceptual model of the research is presented by examining the existing models of empowerment and economic priorities in the field of agriculture and the usual methods in the process of empowerment and employment. The main dimensions of the model include preparation and preparation for project implementation, job creation, job stabilization, self-sufficiency and exit support, all path coefficients are significant and acceptable variance explained and structures are above 0.5. Is. Therefore, the model variables have a predictive capability of over 30%

Total aquatic production of the Islamic Republic of Iran has increased from 72105 tons in 1978 to 1282475 tons in 2019. In 2018, Iran ranked second in aquatic production in the Middle East and 19th in the world. Aqua culture production increased from 4935 tons in 1978 to 338,000 tons in 2012 and 526747 tons in 2019. From 2012 to 2018 total aquaculture products increased 44%, shrimp culture 371% and sturgeon culture 515%. There are also many potentials in this sector to diversify production, increase foreign exchange, provide food security and increase aquaculture production in the country. During the last five years, Hormozgan provinc (among the coastal provinces) and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province (among non-coastal provinces) had the best performance in increasing of aquaculture production. On the other hand, in terms of production indices in 2018, Mazandaran province was the best coastal province and Lorestan province was the best in non-coastal provinces. Also, in terms of productivity and employment indices, the best coastal province was Sistan and Baluchestan province and the best non-coastal province was Isfahan province. Growth rate of aquaculture is very high in world. In Iran, growth rate of aquaculture is similar to the world. Investment of the government on aquaculture is necessary for aquaculture growth.

The agriculture sector plays a role beyond food security and has a significant effect on the political, social and economic situation of a country. In general, 34.3% of the world’s land, 70% of water use and 37.3% of the world’s jobholders belong to the agricultural sector. The agricultural sector in Iran employs 18% of the total jobholders. Food demand requires a substantial increase of global food production of 70% by 2050 which may cause unsustainability through excessive utilization of resources, contamination of soil and water, and the excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to sustainable agriculture development to maintain natural resources. Sustainable agriculture development should be ecologically appropriate, economically justifiable and socially desirable. While the Five-year Plans after the Islamic Revolution have focused on agricultural development without emphasis on sustainable development, the focus of the country's fifth and sixth development plans has largely been on sustainable agricultural development. The study of indices of sustainable agriculture development in Iran in comparison to some neighboring countries indicated that Iran has not achieved its true status and is necessary to develop agriculture sustainably by adopting the appropriate developmental models. The most important agricultural development models in the world include the frontier model, conservation model, urban-industrial impact model, diffusion model, high pay-off input model and induced innovation model. It seems that a combination of these models is necessary for sustainable agricultural development in Iran.

Drought is a natural hazard that causes the production and income losses and has severe effects on the poor households. In this context, a comprehensive assessment of economic impacts of drought provides critical information to drought mitigation policies and programs. To this end, the effects of drought on the output and employment of Iran's economy as a whole were examined using two models including a single-regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) and a multi-regional computable general equilibrium (MRCGE) model. Applied data were obtained from the social accounting matrix (SAM) of year 2001 and Iranian input-output table of year 2006. The drought defined as lower access to water was considered in three scenarios of weak, moderate and sever options. The results obtained from single-regional CGE model indicated that GDP decreased by 1.7 to 5.5 percent based on the severity of drought; the corresponding values for MRCGE were 2.2-6.4 percent. Reduction of regional gross output for Kerman, Hamedan, Fars, and Ardabil provinces were more than those for other provinces. As shown by the results, a decrease in output induced a fall in employment, but a reduction in employment was found lower than those of output. Finally, the study recommended developing the water-saving measures as well as creating more jobs in rural industries.

Today, there is no doubt that the definitive solution to many of the country's problems is a production boom, and this requires that market, technical, financial, and economic considerations be considered before starting a business. The purpose of this study is to identify the context of production and study of justifiability of cultivation of button mushrooms in Ziaabad section of Qazvin province. The method of this research is mixed. Therefore, research data were first collected through library studies and semi-structured interviews with 28 manufacturers and distributors. Qualitative data were then translated into quantitative numbers. Based on this, financial and economic ratios were calculated. Then, it was found that the cultivation of button mushrooms in Qazvin province will not be a problem in terms of market and there will be a suitable consumer market for the product. Also, the tools and equipment needed to start a business and cultivation of button mushrooms can be easily provided from within the country. As a result, the implementation of this business plan is also technically justified. Then, with the data obtained from the interviews along with the economic evaluation indicators (NPV, IRR, B/C and POP), the business plan was examined in terms of profitability. All the results of the indicators showed that this business plan has a positive and acceptable profitability. Implementation of the Button Mushroom Cultivation Business Plan will create youth employment and further boost production in the region. Finally, recommendations and suggestions were provided to manufacturers and other researchers.

From the past to now, the rural management issue always has been one of the most controversial topics in the academic and executive sector of the country. This led to the use of different management patterns by planners and authorities at different times. In recent years, the rural think tankbecame a new model for the comprehensive development of rural areas. It seems that this model tries to promote a comprehensive management quality in the field of socio-economic development of rural areas in all over the country. Studies showed that there was no research on the achievements of this new experience in rural areas of the country. Therefore, in this qualitative research, we tried to investigate the achievements of the rural think tankby using a case study in the village of Zardouee, Baiangan, Paveh city of Kermanshah province. For this purpose, information collected using semi-structured dialogue techniques, dialogue with key response, dialogue with focus groups, personal observations, drawing up the historical chart of the production system by the members, and reviewing the village biography. Then the extracted data were categorized using the contractual content analysis method. To determine the accuracy of the data four indexes was used including; acceptability, reliability and transferability. Based on the findings, the rural think tankin Zardouee has such accomplishments such as: participation, solving basic problems (problem-oriented), facilitating administrative affairs, training, elitism, employment, capacity building, reverse migration, marketing and market oriented and so on. According to the achivements of the rural Think tank, it is recommended to managers and rural development planners of the provinces; use this management model as a suitable model for realizing government goals and plans in rural areas.

Nowadays, the use of agricultural machines and implements is necessary for development. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the appropriate level of mechanization in different activities of agriculture in order to achieve production, employment, income distribution and environment goals. On the other hand, one of the main concerns in the agricultural sector is the issue of employment in this sector and its degree of influence on changing economic factors, has a special place. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction of mechanization and employment in agricultural sector of Khorasan Razavi province. For this purpose, the model of the system of simultaneous equations of the panel data is used for 19 cities of Khorasan Razavi province during the years of 2012-16. The results of the research show that employment and mechanization have mutual, negative and significant effects on each other, although the mechanization has far more influence on employment. Also, production, mechanized service units and gross income have a positive and significant effect on agricultural mechanization. On the other hand, the cost of inputs (including seeds, pesticides and chemical and animal fertilizers) and the wages have a negative and significant effect on employment and crop area has a positive and significant effect on it. It is recommended to improve the mechanization situation by establishing and developing agricultural machinery services companies. Also we can increase the employment by employing specialist labor in these companies. Moreover, with supportive payments to reduce production costs and increase gross income, farmers can be persuaded to stay in the countryside, which will increase agricultural employment.

The present study conducted to specify agricultural activities having prioriety in achieving employment growth rate targeted in the sixth National Economic, Social, and Cultural Development Plan in Iran. To this end, a regional mathematical programing model for agricultural sector is integrated with a mixed model of social accouting matrix to connect national employment objective to the regional agricultural production inputs constraint. Using such an integrated model, it is poosible to specify what activities and in what provinces have the prioriety to be expanded and are more helpful in achieving national employment objective. Results indicate that to reach 3.9 percent employment growth rate specified in the sixth national plan, a growth rate of 4.4 percent in agricultural sector is required. The growth rate in farming, horticulture, livestock, and fisheries subsectors are 4.8, 2.3, 6.8, and 4.3 percent, respectively. Results also reveal that wheat with 8.3 percent and rice with 0.1 percent have the highest and lowest priority, respectively, for expansion in the crops sub-sector. In this sub-sector, Khuzestan, Ardebil and Fars provinces have the highest priority for this crop.to be considered. In the horticultural sub-sector, plum product has the highest proriety to be expanded by a growth rates of 3.5% and tea product has the lowest peroriety to be expanded with a growth rate of 0.3 percent. In this sub-sector, the provinces of Fars, Mazandaran and East and West Azarbaijan have the highest priority to be considered for development of horticultural activities. Regarding livestock, poultry and aquaculture products, results show that a more peroriety must be given to the beef production relative to the carp production. Mazandaran, Khuzestan, Gilan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari and Lorestan are the provinces with the highest priority in the development of aquaculture activities. However, the development of livestock and poultry activities does not differ significantly between provinces of the country.

Due to the impact of government policies on the behavior of macroeconomic variables, this study examines the response of the agricultural sector growth to the government investment in the energy sector over the period 1971-2013. To this end, Time Varying Parameter approach along with stochastic volatilities was used. The results showed that the first lags of changes in value-added of agricultural sector, the level and the first lags of changes in employment of agriculture, changes in private sector’ investment in agriculture and changes in government investment in energy sector have the highest impact on the value-added changes of the agricultural sector, respectively. In addition, the coefficients of variables affecting changes in agricultural sector value-added is varying over time, therefore policy-makers in agricultural sector should identify factors causing reduction in value-added of this sector, and present case-based solutions to decrease these fluctuations, and avoid general policy-making.

Given to the importance of employability as an indicator of higher education quality and social capital as a key factor for this system efficiency, examining the relationship of these variables is necessary. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social capital dimensions in employability of agricultural students of agricultural and natural resources University College, university of Tehran. The statistical population of this research was consisted of all agricultural majors’ senior and junior students of agricultural and natural resources university college, university of Tehran (N=715). The sample size was calculated by Cochran formula (n=190) accessed through proportional stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and two main variables i.e. employability and social capital. In order to investigate the validity, reliability, fitness of latent variables and test of conceptual model, structural equation modeling (SEM) with LISREL8.80 software was used. Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the validity and reliability latent variables. Results of structural equation modeling showed that five dimensions of social capital i.e. Social values, Social trust, Social networks, Social cohesiveness, Social participation, Sharing knowledge, Social Communication had positive significant effect on the employability of surveyed students.

In recent years, trade liberalization has become one of the main objectives of governments and policymakers. In this regard, removing import tariffs is the most important step that can have significant effects on production, employment and welfare. Undoubtedly, eliminating tariffs will reduce domestic producer's power over the foreign producer, and this will affect employment in the entire economy. Accordingly, the present study examines the effects of removing agricultural sub-sectors tariffs on direct and indirect employment using the input-output table in 2011. To achieve the research goal, after import tariffs were calculated for agricultural sub-sectors, the effects of eliminating import tariffs were examined on agricultural sector and its sub-sectors including agriculture, horticulture, animals breeding, forestry and fishing on employment. Thus, due to the removal of agricultural import tariffs, will be created 3.7 percent and 2.6 percent reduction in direct employment and indirect employment, respectively. As a result, due to trade liberalization in the agricultural sector, indirect employment will decline more than direct and indirect employment. Based on indirect employment index, in scenarios eliminating import tariffs for agriculture and horticulture, animals breeding, forestry and fishing, decrease by 5.4, 0.26, 0.52 and 0.03 percent respectively. According to these results, it can be said that removing the tariff barriers of agricultural sub-sectors, in addition to reducing direct employment, also leads to a reduction of indirect employment and more effective on sectors that have strong links with this sub-sector. Therefore, it is recommended, the government pay attention to indirect effects on the employment sector to other sectors before any action to remove import tariff sectors.

Self-employment among the agricultural graduates is one of the most important issues in Iran. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze implications and challenges of how should be developed self-employment among agricultural graduates by a qualitative method. This study was done in two steps. First step was conducted by a Delphi technique during three phases with participation of 25 experts on self-employment include agricultural economic experts, faculty members, staff directors of cooperative department and pioneer entrepreneurs. The second step was done through a content analysis process. A purposeful sampling method was used to select the samples. The results were theoretically saturated by 26 challenges about creating and developing self-employment among the agricultural graduates. Finally, four main themes were extracted and grouped i.e. organizational- institutional, economical, socio- cultural and personal-professional. According to results of this study, some recommendations have been presented at the end of the article.