جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بیماران بستری » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The main mission of hospitals is to provide quality services for patients. Evaluating the quality of hospital services can lead to the targeted allocation of financial resources to areas that are in worse situation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the quality of services of university hospitals in Yazd province.

This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 2020-2021 in 12 university hospitals of Yazd province. In order to conduct the study, the standard questionnaire of SERVQUAL was used. This questionnaire is made up of two parts, administration and expectations, and each of them contains 28 questions and 6 dimensions. The sampling method was stratified randomly. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 24 software.

225 patients participated in the study. The majority of patients were over 50 years old (46.7%). The average score of patients' expectations (128.99±8.12) at the high level, the average score of patients' perceptions (107.98±8.62) at the middle level, and the average score of the total quality of hospital services (236.97±12.24) at the high level reported. In both areas of perceptions and expectations, the dimensions of reliability, responsiveness and assurance had a higher mean score and the physical or tangible dimensions, empathy and access had a lower mean score.

The service quality of university hospitals in Yazd province was in a good condition, but the average score of perceptions was lower than the score of expectations. Although there was no deep gap, it is necessary for hospital managers to pay more attention to improving the quality of services.

patients hospitalized in ICU experience considerably discomfort due to special condition of ICU and particular situation of their illness but these patients cannot express their discomfort. Therefore, this study was conducted aimed to determine the rate of discomfort and its related factors in patients hospitalized in ICU.

this descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted on 220 hospitalized patients in state hospitals of Mashhad from September 2012 to September 2013 through accessible sampling. Perceived discomfort, the most important experienced discomfort and its rate during hospitalization were measured before discharge of ICU by an open-ended question and a researcher made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS: 11.5.

minimum score of discomfort was 61 and maximum score was 210. The mean of discomfort was 86.54± 17.5. Therefore around 100% of participants experienced some extent of discomfort in ICU. More than 50% of patients reported the frequent blood sampling, feeling of thirst, feeling of loneliness, Pain, limited visiting, insomnia, hospitalization expenses, anxiety and fatigue as sources for their discomforts.

As to the finding, discomfort incidence in hospitalized patient in ICU is high. As the sources of discomfort such as frequent blood sampling, feeling of thirst, feeling of loneliness, pain, limited visiting etc could be modified, it is recommended to use effective strategies in order to decrease and modify these factors by managers, administrators especially nurses of ICU.Key words: Patient, intensive care, Discomfort factors

Identifying the factors affecting the severity of a disease can lead to the adoption of purposeful preventive and therapeutic actions, and subsequently improve health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the related demographic and underlying factors with the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at Kowsar Hospital of Semnan, Iran. The study tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose content validity was confirmed by a committee of ten experts with content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) scores equal to 0.92 and 0.89, respectively. The systematic random sampling method was used in this study, and the required data were collected by reviewing medical records and conducting interviews with patients. All analyses were performed using SPSS19, and P<0.05 was considered significant.

The mean age of patients was 56.20 (±59.77) years, and women (53%) and men (47%) had a relatively similar share. Among the patients, 24% were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 7% experienced coma. Also, 99% of patients suffered from serious COVID-19 complications. The rates of pulmonary, cardiovascular, and renal complications were 96%, 68%, and 6%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the severity of disease with such variables as age, education level, employment status, being native, place of receiving care, previous heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, immunodeficiency, obesity, and physical activity or a job requiring physical activity (P<0.05).

The study results showed that a wide range of demographic factors, access to health care, health-seeking behaviors, having an underlying disease, and having a healthy lifestyle are related to the severity of COVID-19.

Covid-19 is an emergent virus which has infected millions of people and triggered a serious circumstance all over the world. Due to the high prevalence of Covid-19 and limited treatment capacity, quick identification of factors which indicate the severity of the disease can be very helpful. The purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the relationship between C-reactive protein and lymphopenia with the severity of the disease in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 in Yasuj, Iran, in 2019.

The present descriptive study was of retrospective type and available sampling method was used in 2019 on 206 patients with covid-19 where blood oxygen level, CT scan and CRP and blood lymphocyte levels were the main factors investigated. The sampling method was census and using a predetermined checklist, the required information was extracted from the files of patients admitted to the hospital. In this study, the background information of the patients including age, gender, clinical symptoms, length of stay in the hospital, the patient's condition based on discharge with relative recovery or death were collected. Furthermore, paraclinical information including: percentage of blood oxygen saturation, white blood cell count, lymphocyte, CRP and lung involvement in CT scan were extracted from the patients' files. The collected data were analyzed using the Willicion test and one-way analysis of variance.

The participants in the present study included 206 people whose average age was 51.39 years. 103 (50%) were men and 103 (50%) were women. The results of one-way analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference in the amount of lymphocytes in patients with severe, moderate and mild disease based on the oxygen level (p=0.03), but the CRP level in these patients was based on the blood oxygen level (p=0.32). CT scan (p=0.07) did not show any significant difference. In addition, there was no significant difference in the amount of lymphocytes in patients with severe, moderate and mild corona based on CT scan (p=0.14).

According to the findings obtained from the present study, it appeared that the level of lymphopenia can be used to predict the severity of the disease in patients with covid-19, but the level of CRP can be used to predict the severity of the disease in Covid-19 patients cannot be used based on the obtained results.

Thyroid disorders including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are common condition in the world and the right diagnosis and treatment are important. Now a days screening for thyroid dysfunction recommend only in a specific situation, thus unnecessary tests could have undesirable outcomes such as improper sampling and costs related to long-term follow-up which could affect patients and health system. (5-10. Except for cases of inappropriate doing thyroid function tests, it should be noted that TSH measurement alone has a high sensitivity for the initial investigation and diagnosis of thyroid diseases (7, 10) so, in context of abnormal TSH it is necessary to measure other thyroid hormones. It is worth mentioning that in the case of hospitalized patients, thyroid laboratory disorders are more common without the presence of thyroid gland homeostasis disorder (11), which shows the necessity of paying more attention to the target population in requested examinations. Therefore, according to the importance of the subject, the present study investigated the request patterns of thyroid function tests and the logical cases of their request in Tehran's Firouzgar Hospital affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, during the second 6 months of 2017. In this cross-sectional study, 484 inpatients for whom each of the Thyroid function tests was requested selected as a sample by census and included in the study. The samples included in the study were evaluated by clinical evaluation and history taking with the aim of finding the indications for thyroid test request, and if it is possible to diagnose thyroid function disorders in the next stage of the requested tests in terms of compliance with the algorithms and instructions The existing one was checked. Finally, if the laboratory tests lead to the final diagnosis, the proportionality of the requested functional test with the final diagnosis is checked.

In this study, the definition of essential thyroid tests included the patients who have a known thyroid disease based on previous history or hospital records and clinical examinations, or there is a high clinical suspicion for their thyroid disease, it is reasonable to perform TSH & T4 & T3RU or TSH & FT4 tests. SPSS version 24 software was used for statistical analysis of data.

The average age of the participants in the study was 54.2 years with a standard deviation of 17 years and 59.4% were female. In total requested tests the most patients 101 (20.7%) were hospitalized in the neurology department and the least patients 2 (0.4%) were from the toxicology ward. Out of a total of 488 patients for whom thyroid tests were requested, only 259 patients were found to have a specific reason for requesting these types of tests based on the clinical records, history or clinical examination, and 99 patients (38.2%) were hypothyroid. TSH was requested for 477 patients, and the mean TSH was 3.583. Out of a total of 69 patients whose treatment status changed, 27 patients (39.1%) had an increase in the treatment dose. The most patients whom TSH was requested without indication, most cases (26.3%) were admitted to the neurology department. The most common pattern of requesting thyroid tests in people participating in our study was the combination of TSH, T3, T4. In this study, 69 patients out of 488 patients for whom thyroid tests were performed treatment was changed. Out of 194 patients who had a logical reason to request thyroid tests based on their previous history of thyroid diseases or current examination and history, only 54 patients, equivalent to 27.83%, have undergone treatment change.

The purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of requests for thyroid function tests and to determine the logical cases of their requests in Firozgar Hospital in a period of 6 months. Considering that hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have a significant prevalence in the world and also due to the high prevalence of iodine deficiency in our country, thyroid diseases are also common. Since the symptoms of thyroid diseases are mostly non-specific and shared with other diseases, it is better to avoid unnecessary sampling and related problems, including high cost, the need for long follow-up and the patient's and family's concern about the results. As a result of the tests, the measurement of thyroid function tests should be used only in reasonable cases and with a suitable pattern. There is no need to check thyroid tests in all hospitalized patients who are unrelated to thyroid diseases. In general, it seems that the measurement of thyroid tests in logical cases and with the correct pattern has positive results for the patient and health system. In the current study, thyroid tests were requested for 488 patients, compared to the study of Small et al., it can be said that the sample size of our study was slightly smaller than that study. (11) About 60% of the studied patients were women, which can indicate that thyroid tests are more common in women than in men, regardless of whether the request is reasonable or unreasonable. In terms of average age, it can be stated that thyroid tests are performed at different ages of people, although the average age in this study was 54 years, but a wide standard deviation of 17 years was also observed among patients. Regarding the frequency of unnecessary requests, T3 with 99.2%, TSH with 60.6%, and T4 with 59.4%, T3RU with 59%, and Anti TPO Ab with 38% had the highest to lowest amount respectively. It should be noted that all requests for fT3 and fT4 tests were unnecessary. In our study, the most number of cases for whom thyroid tests were requested were hospitalized in the departments of neurology, endocrinology, neurosurgery, and neurology ICU, respectively. It seems that this amount can be reduced if endocrinologists are consulted about the indication of requesting thyroid tests. The most common request patterns for thyroid function tests were TSH&T4&T3 with 69.87% and TSH&T4 with 15.57% respectively. In the study of Roti et al., the most common requested pattern with 56% was the combination of TSH, T3, T4, and for this reason, the two studies are similar (10). was requested, 27.83% of them had a change in their treatment procedure, which is higher compared to the study of Mr. Small et al., where only 2% of patients had a change in treatment (11). In our study, among the patients whose test results were in favor of changing the treatment or starting of thyroid medication or increasing the dose of drugs was the most common case with 39.1%. In this study, among patients who had a history of thyroid problems, TSH and T4 tests were reported as the most frequently performed tests among these people.In general, based on the obtained results, it seems that requesting all thyroid indicators at the same time is a common finding. It can also be added that the unusual patterns of requesting thyroid function tests, multiple cases of requesting thyroid function tests, and the non-optimal contractual TSH threshold level cause unnecessary requests for thyroid function tests. One of the most important limitations of this type of study is that the algorithms and instructions are different in different field of medicine and the way of requesting thyroid function tests may be different between two medical specialties. Another limitation of this study is the lack of sufficient previous studies. One of the final suggestions can be the point that cases of inappropriate requests for thyroid hormones in free hormones are taken at the same time as taking total hormone levels, which are the most suitable places for intervention to reduce cases of inappropriate requests for thyroid function tests. It is also suggested that studies with a larger sample size and a longer follow-up period be conducted in the future.

Patient satisfaction with services is generally considered the main component of quality of careand can be described as the subjective perception of service quality resulting from the matching of expectationsabout services with actual experience and results. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the levelof satisfaction of hospitalized patients with a definite or suspected diagnosis of covid-19 from the care staff ofcovid-19 wards.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 172 patients with covid-19 who were admittedto Peymaniyeh Hospital in Jahrom city in 2019 with the diagnosis of corona virus disease were examined. The datacollection tool in this study included two questionnaires for demographic information (age, sex, underlying disease,duration of hospitalization, etc.) and a satisfaction questionnaire for the medical staff. Data analysis was done usingspss software version 21 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

The most frequent age was 31-40years old (22.1%). The satisfaction level of the majority of hospitalized patients from the treatment staff was high,133 patients (77.3%), the satisfaction level of 37 patients (21.5%) was average, and the satisfaction level of only 2patients (1.2%) was low.

Based on the results of the present study, the level of satisfactionof the majority of patients was reported at a high level. However, the demographic variables (age, sex, marriage,education, occupation, economic status, etc.) of the patients did not have a statistically significant relationship withthe level of satisfaction of hospitalized patients with a definite or suspected diagnosis of Covid-19 from the medicalstaff. Therefore, by implementing continuous training programs and investigating cases of dissatisfaction, we cantry to improve the satisfaction of patients as much as possible.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the survival of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Various studies have shown the clinical characteristics of patients admitted to COVID-19 hospital. However, the predictors of the results are still unclear. Our objective was to investigate the presence of potential risk factors associated with disease severity progression in the natural history of COVID-19.

The present study is a retrospective monocentric study. In which part of patients with Covid-19 South Khorasan who are hospitalized in Valiasr Hospital in Birjand (except for patients who are in the very first stage of triage, in a very severe stage of the disease). They were examined and their symptoms were recorded. The information of patients who enter a very severe and critical stage of the disease and are transferred to intensive care units will be separated and patients will be divided based on clinical indicators. Finally, clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data from 111 patients admitted to Valiasr Hospital in Birjand were collected and analyzed with the approval of COVID-19 laboratory and the data collected from discharged and critically ill patients were compared.

Of these 111 patients, 93 were discharged and 18 entered the acute phase of the disease. The number of lymphocytes (0.56 G / L vs. 1.3 G / L was lower in the exacerbated group than in the discharged group. The number of involved lung lobes was 5 vs. 4). Multivariate analysis showed that comorbidity [ (OR) 52.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.6–776.41], Sex (OR 24.8, 95% CI 1.8–342.1) were independent risk factors for disease severity in COVID-19 patients. Our results also show that CT intensity score is associated with the level of inflammation, and older age, higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CT intensity score at the time of hospitalization are other independent risk factors affecting the short-term progression of the Covid virus. 19 are in these patients.

The results of this study facilitate the early identification of high-risk COVID-19 patients. These findings can be useful in predicting the risk of progression in patients with COVID-19 at the time of admission. A CT scan may help classify the risk.

This study was aimed to assess the rate of respecting patients’ rights according to Patient Bill of Rights among hospitalized patients in the internal departments of Ghaem & Imam Reza hospitals, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients admitted to the internal medicine wards of Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals of Mashhad. To collect data, a questionnaire consisted of demographic variables and variables related to patient bill of rights, filled out by the patients, was used. Data were analyzed using version 23 of SPSS software. Chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between qualitative variables with each of the patient rights charter axes. The significance level in this study was considered 0.05.

Overall, 80 patients with a mean age of 44.9 ± 12.97 years were enrolled in this study. Among patients, 53.8% were female, 85% were married, and 33.8% of them had a diploma degree. The highest satisfaction rate was observed in the axis of the right to choose and freely decide on receiving health care services (65.7%, 66.7% in Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals, respectively); while the lowest was seen in the axis of handling patients’ complaints and reporting the outcomes (14.3%, 13.3% in Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals, respectively). There was a significant relationship between place of residence and patient privacy; and educational level and handling patient complaints.

Satisfaction of compliance to patient bill of rights was acceptable in 4 axes and desirable only in one axis. One way of improving the satisfaction of patients to optimal levels is by educating both the medical staff and patients about the patient bill of rights. In addition, identifying the factors effective on patients’ satisfaction from the patient bill of rights could help improve the situation.

Fluoroquinolones are among the most common types of antibiotics used in hospitalized patients. Accordingly, in this study, we examined the pattern of use of fluoroquinolones in hospitalized patients.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 patients underwent fluoroquinolones who were hospitalized in Tehranchr('39')s Imam Reza Hospital from April to October 2016, and the consumption pattern was based on available files. Fluoroquinolones were determined in them.

In this study, the possible types of infections including pneumonia, gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections and other infections were 27, 34, 21 and 18%, respectively. Percentages of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, both at 67, 31, and 2%, were prescribed. Fluoroquinolones at 26% 750 mg daily, 6% 500 mg daily, 38% 500 mg twice daily, 3% 250 mg twice daily, 11% 400 mg twice daily, 13% 200 mg twice daily The day and 3% were prescribed four times a day.

In general, based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that the pattern of consumption of fluoroquinolones in the study community has few problems that can be solved by providing the necessary training to physicians in the form of training sessions or pamphlets and etc.

Drug interactions are one of the problems caused by the irrational administration of drugs and one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in patients. Since drug interactions are usually predictable, they are therefore avoidable and manageable. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of drug interactions and their related factors in hospitalized patients of the intensive care unit in the Hamadan Besat hospital, Iran.

 This cross-sectional study was performed on the clinical records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (2019-2020) of Besat Hospital in Hamadan, Iran. Data were analyzed to determine the type of drug interactions based on the interactions available on the Up To Date and RxList databases. Other information was obtained from the patientschr('39') clinical records. Completion of information was recorded in the Pre-Design checklist. Finally, the data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and appropriate descriptive-analytical methods.

 The mean number of total drug interactions per prescription was 5.94 ± 4.91. Most interactions were type C (63.89%), Moderate (67.66%), Fair (70.96%) and Significant (44.76%).

According to the results, prolonged stay in an intensive care unit, the elderly, and polypharmacy are the main important factors associated with the occurrence of drug-drug interactions. These results indicate the importance of paying more attention to the monitoring and control of prescribed drugs in these patients.

Cronobacter sakazakii (CS) is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is a genomically heterogeneous, motile, Gram-negative bacillus. It is also an emergent foodborne pathogen associated with the ingestion of infant formula milk that can cause neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and meningitis. This review is focused on the newest information about the bacterial characteristics of C. sakazakii and human infections causing by this pathogenic bacterium.

Methods & Materials: 

We searched medical databases such as ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and other websites.

Cronobacter sakazakii acts as a microbiological hazard in the infant food chain, with historic high mortality in neonates. The International Commission for Microbiological Specifications for Foods has categorized C. sakazakii as a severe hazard bacterium for some individuals, with long duration, substantial chronic sequelae, or life-threatening complications. Although the incidence of C. sakazakii infection is low, the prognosis of the disease is poor, and infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) milk products contaminated with C. sakazakii have been epidemiologically linked to several clinical cases. Premature infants, low-birth-weight ones, and patients hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) are more at infection risk than older infants.

We recommend focusing on simple preventative strategies such as the promotion of breast milk feeding, the inclusion of warnings on the powder infant formula packages that may be contaminated with C. sakazakii, and abstinence from the practice of re-warming of reconstituted formula. Reconstituted dairy products should be avoided in adult immunosuppressed populations. Appropriate barrier precautions should be observed in NICU and intensive care unit settings, where the spread of infection may be more prevalent.

The growing prevalence of the new corona virus covid -19 has challenged the public healthof the world and has led to a morbid fear of contracting it in different people. Damage to various organsof the body and organ damage due to infection with this virus have been reported in various studies.This study aimed to investigate the frequency of multi-organ injury in definitive patients with covid-19 hospitalized in teaching hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

Adescriptive cross-sectional study on 600 patients with Covid-19 based on RT_PCR diagnostic test andfindings of CT scan of lungs of patients referred to Shohada-e-Tajrish and Imam Hossein hospitalsby Easy and accessible sample method. Data were collected by using a researcher-made checklist. Toanalyze the data, SPSS 26 software and descriptive-comparative statistical methods, Chi-square andindependent T were used.

The results showed that out of 600 patients participating in this study,58.5% were male and 41.5% were female with a mean age of 60.26±17.78 years. 24.2% of patients havemulti-organ injury. There was no statistically significant relationship between gender and multi-organinjuries, while there was a statistically significant relationship between mean age, pathological findingsof lung, intubation or non-intubation of patients and past medical history of patient with multi-organinjuries.

Multi-organ injuries are relatively common in patients with Covid-19 and areassociated with age, past medical hisory, pathological findings in the lung and the degree of pulmonaryinvolvement. Most organs involved in multi-organ injury include the lungs, liver, heart, kidneys andcoagulation system

Measuring and monitoring health costs will help health system policy makers choose appropriate policies to protect patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the referral burden and cost of hospitalized patients covered by the Rural Insurance Fund before and after the implementation of the referral system program in Golestan province, Iran..

A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed based on the information of the first six months of 2017 and 2018 of all patients admitted to health insurance in all hospitals of Golestan province. The information systems and existing documents of the General Directorate of Health Insurance were used to collect data.

Compared to 2017, the number of hospitalizations of health insurance policyholders in the public sector in 2018 in total funds and rural funds decreased by 13 and 10 percent, respectively, and in the private sector, in all funds and rural funds decreased by 39 and 98 percent, respectively. The cost of hospitalization of health insurance policyholders in the public sector in total funds and rural funds decreased by 13 and 12 percent, respectively, and in the private sector by 24 and 99 percent, respectively. This reduction in referral burden and hospitalization costs in the public and private sectors in rural and public funds and in all funds has been significant (P <0.05).

According to the findings, in order to reduce the demand for hospitalization, it is recommended that the guidelines of the rural family physician program and the referral system at level one be fully implemented. By increasing the facilities and physical capacity of services in level one and providing comprehensive and timely services that continue in level two, the induced demand created in patientschr('39') hospitalization should be prevented.

Introduction According to retrospective studies on hospitalized patients, there is a clear association between hyperglycemia (with or without a known history of diabetes) and hypoglycemia with increased mortality and health consequences. These studies also showed that appropriate control of blood sugar and preventing hyper/hypoglycemia is not only associated with reduced mortality rate but also can prevent consequences of the disease. However, there is no unique evidence-based guideline, based on common practices in hospitals, to manage such conditions. Hence, currently, providers mostly use their knowledge or different guidelines without any support for potential problems such as general use of insulin tables with no planned prescription. The present study aimed to firstly review the prevalence of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients with both critical and non-critical conditions, and secondly to provide practical measures for treating such conditions in order to prevent negative consequences.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common chronic illnesses. Despite the advancement in the management of heart failure, it still remains as one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity. Anemia is a common finding in heart failure patients and decreases both life quality and bodily function in this group of patients. It is also related with high mortality and morbidity. The aim of the present study was to determine the ferritin levels in heart failure patients.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on heart failure patients admitted in Ganjavian Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. Sampling was done by census method for three months duration (July-Sept 2019) and finally a total of 100 patients were recruited. Serum ferritin (ELISA), iron level and Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was measured in all of the patients. Iron and TIBC were measured with Autoanalizer.

Of the 100 patients, 34% were females and 66% were males. Mean age was 65.21 yrs. 49 patients had severe decrease in EF , while 51 had moderate decrease in EF. Based on EF, t-test showed significant statistical difference in regard to age and ferritin between the two groups (p<0.05), while other variables did not show significant difference.Correlation coefficient of variables in regard to patientchr('39')s age with BUN and Creatinine (p<0.05), BUN with Creatinine and serum ferritin (p<0.001), sodium and serum iron (p<0.05), and ESR with TIBC and CRP (p<0.05) demonstrated positive correlation. While a negative correlation was observed in cases of serum sodium and potassium (p<0.001), ESR and serum iron (p<0.05), and TIBC and ferritin (p<0.001). No other significant correlation was found among other variables (p>0.05).

Results did not show significant relation between serum ferritin level with disease severity and complications. Thus, further studies are needed to prove the role of f ferritin as an independent risk factor in developing heart failure.

There are different statistical methods to identify the factors effective in increasing and decreasing the patients’ length of stay (LOS), each of which having its own advantages and disadvantages. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting LOS in a selected hospital using the available count models and comparing them with the Hurdle model as a new model.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using a retrospective cross-sectional design in a selected hospital in Isfahan in 2019. Using Poisson and Hurdle (binomial and Poisson) count models, the effect of demographic factors of the hospitalized patients and the reasons for visiting the hospital on LOS was analyzed. The goodness of fit of the models and their comparison were performed using deviance statistic.

The mean of LOS was 8.89 days and the median of LOS was 3 days. From among the three models, the binomial Hurdle model was determined appropriate in which, the constant and variables such as age, social security insurance and uninsurance, hospital emergency visits and 115 emergencies, and reasons for visiting psychiatric, orthopedic, and ophthalmic wards were significant. By changing the type of insurance from the reference of other insurances to social security insurance, the mean of LOS decreased by 0.088 units and for uninsured patients, this decrease was by 0.539 units.   

Considering the values of the deviance statistic for Poisson, Hurdle Poisson and negative binomial Hurdle models, the negative binomial Hurdle model is the most appropriate for analyzing these data.
 

Patient education is the patientchr('39')s contemporary rights. There is a great hindrance to patient education and management in its implementation. The study of the effect of education is an important part of the patientchr('39')s education process, which requires special planning and control and evaluation. The study of the barriers to patient education for hospitalized patients and working nurses and the emphasis on patient education and the effectiveness of training provided to patients are necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the effectiveness of teaching of hospitalized patients and prioritizing these factors.

is the study was a descriptive cross-sectional study in Baqiyatallah hospital between 2001 and 2007. Due to the limited community objectives, 168 samples were selected for this study, which were randomly entered into the study. In this research, two questionnaires were used as a research tool. One questionnaire was about effective factors affected effectiveness of patient education and the second questionnaire was about the evaluation of the effectiveness of rescuer learning to patients. In this research, regression was used to determine the factors affecting the effectiveness of education.

This study was performed on 168 subjects. 79 men (47%) and 89 women (53%). 41.7% of participants were less than 40 years age old and 69% of participants are also undergraduate. The results showed that all of the structures statistically  had a significant effect on the scores. (P <0.05).

Patient education is one of the basic needs of patients and they need to know the information in diagnosis, treatment, and surgery. Having complete information about the disease and treatment is one of the most important rights of patients, and this information should be designed and implemented based on individual needs and specific disease situation.

Anxiety are considered as survivors based on their new hair or new nasal nose and their aim is to study and evaluate them. Preoperative anxiety was measured in hospitalized patients in Peymanieh Hospital in Jahrom in year 2019.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 209 hospitalized patients in Peymanieh Hospital of Jahrom in 2019. Data gathering tool was Spielberg's demographic information and anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

Mean trait anxiety was 44.96 ± 7.75 and mean state anxiety was 44.54 ± 8.17. There was a significant relationship between preoperative anxiety and age and marital status. There was no significant difference between mean trait anxiety and men and women (P = 0.391, P = .492). But there was a significant difference between the average trait anxiety and single and married individuals (P = 0.006, P = 0.024).

The results of this study showed that pre-operative anxiety is not different in men and women, but it is more in single men than married people. Therefore, it is recommended to use various methods to educate patients and identify a well-designed educational program to eliminate the effective factors on anxiety.

Pray is always a challenge, especially in health centers. Although the relationship between prayer and health is very well expressed, so far, the barriers and problems of pray have not been taken into consideration by the hospitalized patients themselves. This research aimed to explaining pray experiences in hospitalized patients.

The present study is a qualitative phenomenological study. A total of 15 patients (7 women and 8 men) admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan were selected by objective sampling method. Sampling continued until data saturation. These patients were admitted to the medical, emergency, C.C.U. and surgery departments. The data collection method was semi-structured interviews. Interviewed interviews were word by word. Data were analyzed simultaneously with sampling.

After analyzing the data, 2 themes (barriers to pray in hospitalized patients, facilitating factors for pray in hospitalized patients) and 6 categories were included which included "lack of prayer requirements", "lack of purity for pray", "unwillingness to prayer by using alternatives to ablution", "the lack of familiarity with the religious issues related to prayer in hospitalized patients", "the possibility of a better and purer relationship with God", "the spiritual effects of prayer on hospitalized patients".

Due to the lack of pray conditions in the medical centers and the importance of prayer for hospitalized patients, the necessary conditions should be provided by the hospital managers and practitioners.