جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عصاره هیدروالکلی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Yarrow is a member of the Asteraceae family, utilized extensively in the field of medical sciences. Among the medicinal plants, one may encounter few specimens like the aforementioned plant, which enjoys widespread distribution across various regions of the globe and boasts a diverse array of uses that contribute to its renown. The aim of the present study was the synthesis of Yarrow extract evaluation of its antibacterial effects on a group of intestinal bacteria and comparing its antibacterial properties with phenol.

In this experimental study, Yarrow plant extract was extracted with the hydroalcoholic method. The aerial parts of Achillea ageratum plant with herbarium number 1753 were prepared from the slopes of Ardabil mountains and after determining the identity, the extract of this plant was extracted by hydroalcoholic method. In this method, after preparing the plant and drying the aerial parts of the plant, 10 g of it was crushed in a sterile mortar, then it was poured into an Erlenmeyer flask, and 50 mL of 100% ethanol was added to it. After 24 hours of mixing in a magnetic stirrer using a Buchner funnel with Whatman filter paper and a vacuum pump, the remaining components of the plant were separated. Then, a certain amount of distilled water (20 ml) was added to the desired solution and placed again in the magnetic stirrer whose temperature was set at 80 degrees Celsius, so that the alcohol was completely removed from the reactor. The Antibacterial effect of yarrow extract was performed by disc diffusion method and micro broth dilution on standard species of Enterobacteriaceae families including the standard bacterial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC:10031), Escherichia coli (ATCC:23591), Shigella dysentery (ATCC:25922) and Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC:13048). All experiments were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.

In the present study, the growth rate of bacteria decreased by increasing the concentration of yarrow extract. The MIC of Yarrow plant extract for Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter aerogenes was obtained in %6.25 and for Shigella dysentery and Escherichia coli was obtained in %12.5 and %25, respectively. Also, the MBC of extract for Shigella dysentery, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria was obtained in 25%, and for Escherichia coli it was obtained in 50%. The results of MIC and MBC show that the most sensitive bacteria to yarrow extract among the studied bacteria is Enterobacter aerogenes and the most resistant is Escherichia coli. The diameter of the inhibition zone for Shigella dysentery, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria was obtained at 19, 18, 20, and 23 mm, respectively. In this experiment, Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria were the most sensitive and Escherichia coli was the most resistant among the investigated bacteria. Comparative investigation of the antibacterial properties of yarrow extract with phenol, showed that yarrow extract had a lower killing effect than phenol at 5, 10, and 15-minute contact time. In this test, the most resistant bacteria are Shigella dysentery and the most sensitive bacteria are Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes. The reason that the type of resistant and sensitive bacteria was slightly different in the method of comparing the antibacterial effect of yarrow extract with phenol with the results of MIC, MBC, and non-growth halo diameter is related to the reduction of contact time of the extract with bacteria.

The results of the present research show that the hydroalcoholic extract of the yarrow plant is very effective in the removal of gram-negative intestinal bacteria. Also, the hydroalcoholic extract of the yarrow plant is more effective in removing gram-negative bacteria than phenol

Cancer, which is characterized by irregular cell metabolism and the development of metastasis risk, is still a significant risk and life-threatening. Although there are several unique advantages for cancer treatment, some problems, such as poor drug targeting efficacy, increased tumor hypoxia, severe coronary syndromes, excessive ventricular conduction, and drug-induced drug resistance, have emerged in recent years. Chemotherapy and increased risk of tumor metastasis have limited their potential clinical use.

In this experimental study, a total of 36 embryonic eggs were randomly selected. Then, four treatments, including control, 40, 80, and 120 µg/ml hydroalcoholic extract of Berberis vulgaris (B. vulgaris) fruit, and nine replications were tested. On the third day of incubation, the eggs were exposed to an open window, and on the eighth day, the experimental groups were treated with 40, 80, and 120 µg/ml alcoholic extract of B. vulgaris fruit, which was collected from Qaen city in South Khorasan Province, Iran. On the 12th day, the chorioallantoic membrane of all samples was photographed using a photo stereomicroscope, the numbers/diameters of vascular branches were measured using the Image J software (1.46r), and the resulting data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 22) and the least significant difference (LSD) test (P≤0.01)

The mean number of vessels in the experimental groups was equal to (6.23+0.81) and (22.89+0.81), which indicated a significant dose-dependent reduction compared to the mean number of vessels measured in the control group (15.73+0.29) and (53.87+2.07) (P=0.003).

The use of the hydroalcoholic extract of B. vulgaris in three doses of 40, 80, and 120 µg/ml can reduce the number of branches and the diameter of vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos, which indicates the process of angiogenesis inhibition.

Angiogenesis is the biological process of sprouting new vessels from existing vessels in the tissue. The main factor in the molecular guidance of this process is vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Considering the importance of plant medicine sciences and also, the role of angiogenesis in the processes such as wound healing, menstrual cycles, placental growth, and ovulation, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of the root and shoot of Ferula assa- foetida plant (as one of the prominent medicinal plants in traditional medicine) on changes in the gene  expression of VEGF and FGF in the angiogenesis pathway of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos.

In this experimental research, 80 Ross fertilized eggs of the were randomly divided into 8 groups including the control group, laboratory control (pbs), and 6 experimental groups. On the eighth day of incubation, the laboratory control group was treated with normal saline and the experimental groups were treated with doses of 100, 200 and 300 µg/ml of the hydroalcoholic extract of the shoot and root of Ferula assa- foetida plant. On the twelfth day, a photo was taken of the chorioallantoic membrane to count the number of vessels and measure the length of the vessels. CAM samples were prepared for RNA extraction and cDNA production. The collected data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA.

The average number of vessels (26.1 ± 3.45) and vessel length (31.1 ± 0.78) in the treated group showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Also, the gene expression level of VEGF and FGF in the treated group was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control group.

It seems that the hydroalcoholic extract of Ferula assa- foetida plant can affect the gene expression level of VEGF and FGF and the process of angiogenesis of the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos.

Pomegranate is a plant with an ancient history that has been widely used in medical sciences and its components have many properties. The aim of the present research is to synthesize pomegranate peel extract and investigate its antibacterial effects on a group of bacteria of intestinal bacteria and compare its antibacterial properties with phenol.

In this experimental study, pomegranate peel extract was extracted with the hydro alcoholic method. The Antibacterial effect of pomegranate peel extract was performed via disc diffusion and micro broth dilution methods on standard species of intestinal bacteria. All experiments were performed according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). This study has been registered with the ethical code IR.KHALUMS.REC.1402.006 in the Ethics Committee of Khalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences.

The MIC of pomegranate peel extract for Shigella dysentery, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria were 12.5%, 12.5%, 25% and 6.25%, respectively. Also, the MBC of pomegranate peel extract for Shigella dysentery, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria were obtained 25%. The zone of inhibition for Shigella dysentery, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria was 18, 19, 16 and 22, respectively.

The results of this study has been showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of the pomegranate peel is very effective in the removal of intestinal bacteria in vitro. Also extract than phenol in lower contact time cause killing these bacteria.

Due to various antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds, plants are considered valuable sources. Ferula gummosa Boiss plant is one of the most important species of the Apiaceae family and is scattered in the eastern and western regions of Iran. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Ferula gummosa Boiss plant gum.

The levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and the antioxidant capacity (by the iron reduction and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging methods) were determined in this laboratory study. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined for some bacteria. Data analysis was performed using a factorial experiment within a completely randomized design, and Duncan's multiple range test was used to compare the means.

The highest content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in methanol extract were (53.21±2.43 mg GAE/g dw) and (38.42±1.78 mg QE/g dw), respectively. The highest percentage of free radical scavenging and iron reduction power related to the methanolic extract was 96.43±3.56% and 1.963±0.012 µg/ml, respectively. Antimicrobial activity using the disk diffusion method and the MIC of Bacillus subtilis bacteria in all three extracts showed the most sensitivity compared to other bacteria.

The results of this study showed that the methanolic extract of the Ferula gummosa Boiss plant had antimicrobial activity, antioxidant potential, and higher phenolic and flavonoid content than the ethanolic and aqueous extracts.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an anticancer drug that acts as an alkylation agent after metabolism in the liver. CP has toxic effects on the body's cells, especially the reproductive system's function, and causes infertility. Moreover, medicinal plants have few side effects and are psychologically acceptable to patients.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of Ephedra pachyclada hydroalcoholic extract (EPHE) on ovarian tissue and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in rats treated with CP.

In this experimental study, 48 adult female Wistar rats (180-200 gr, 9-10 wk) were randomly assigned to 6 experimental groups (n = 8/each): (a) control; (b) sham; (c) CP; (d) CP+250 mg/kg EPHE; (e) CP+500 mg/kg EPHE; (f) CP+1000 mg/kg EPHE. On the 29th day of the experiment, serum was collected; serum concentration of the luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, progesterone, and antioxidant activity were measured. The number of ovarian follicles were also counted.

In the CP groups, serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone significantly increased, and estrogen and progesterone significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05). EPHE significantly compensated for the complications caused by CP and 1000 mg/kg had the greatest effect. Antioxidant reduction by CP was significantly enhanced by EPHE, especially at higher doses (p ≤ 0.05). The number of primordial, primary, secondary, and Graafian follicles showed a significant decrease in CP groups and EPHE groups showed a significant increase compared to the CP. EPHE showed that the concentration of 1000 mg/kg was more effective than other doses (p ≤ 0.05).

In addition to proving the effect of EPHE on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, our investigation showed antioxidant properties, which can be an effective factor in CP-treated rats.

Cinnamon is a plant containing anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant substances. Previous studies have revealed the reducing effects of obesity and hyperlipidemia and, on the contrary, the reinforcing effects of cinnamon on fertility. Therefore in this study the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of cinnamon on Body Mass Index (BMI) and gene expression of cation channel of sperm (CatSper) in male Wistar rats receiving high-fat diets was investigated.

Thirty-six male rats were divided into six groups. Control group received normal diet and no treatment. The five other groups received high-fat diet for eight weeks. The diet control group received only high-fat diet, the vehicle group received carboxymethyl cellulase 0.5% (5 mg/kg), the lovastatin group received 10 mg/kg lovastatin, and the cinnamon groups received 130 and 260 mg intra peritoneum for six weeks daily. BMI was measured at the end of the study. The expression levels of Catsper genes were also evaluated using Real-Time PCR. Data were analyzed with SAS software version 9.1 using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan tests (p<0.05).

The hydroalcoholic extract of cinnamon significantly reduced BMI (p<0.05). The expression level of Catsper1-4 genes decreased in the model and vehicle groups compared to the control group (p<0.05); however, the expression level of Catsper1-4 genes increased in the cinnamon and lovastatin groups compared to the control group.

Cinnamon as a pretreatment has beneficial and reducing effects on BMI. Moreover, in pretreatment with cinnamon, the increased expression of Catsper1-4 genes is observed.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Sargassum boveanum is a plant species of brown algae that is widely found in the Persian Gulf. The present study investigated the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sargassum boveanum in colorectal cancer cell lines.

Sargassum boveanum was collected from the Persian Gulf in Bushehr province. The hydroalcoholic extract of this plant was extracted by maceration in ethanol 70%. The concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract (ethanol 70%) were assessed by folin ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and CUPRAC methods, respectively. Afterwards, the cytotoxicity effect of this extract was investigated in two colorectal cancer cell lines (SW742 and HCT116) and normal cells (fibroblasts) at 24, 48 and 72 hours post-treatment by the MTT method.

The studied hydroalcoholic extract contains significant amounts of polyphenol (36.79 ± 0.66 mg GAE/g dwt), flavonoid (194.66±2.5 QE/g dwt) and antioxidant capacity (526.99 ± 9.16 mg AA/g dwt). The hydroalcoholic extract gradually inhibited cell growth in the SW742, HCT116 and fibroblast cells in a
time- and dose-dependent manner.

Our results showed that sargassum boveanum hydroalcoholic extract may have considerable potential for development as a novel, natural product-based, anticancer agent.

Diseases caused by high-fat diets and obesity are now recognized as a health problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of aloe Vera hydroalcoholic extract on spermatogenesis parameters and tissue structure of testis of rats fed with a high-fat diet.

40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (control group (Con), control group fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), and experimental groups 1 to 3 (HFD +150 mg aloe Vera, HFD +300 mg aloe Vera, and HFD + 600 mg aloe Vera(. High-fat emulsion and three doses of aloe Vera were administered orally for 60 days. Finally, after dissection and preparation, testicular tissue was examined histopathologically. The number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, Sertoli, and Leydig cells was counted. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and the means were compared using ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey's test at 0.05%.

The results showed a significant decrease in mean of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and Leydig cells in the group receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) compared to the control group. Aloe Vera extract significantly increased the number of sex cells in the testis. Increasing the dose of aloe Vera to 600 mg/kg further improved histopathological tissue damage.

The results of study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of aloe Vera in mice fed with a high-fat diet significantly reduces the risk of pathological tissue damage in testes and increases fertility by increasing the number of sex cells.

Backgrond:

 Fertility refers to a couple›s ability to have children. Sex hormones are secreted by the gonads and are one of the important factors involved in the reproductive process. Basil (Ocimum basilicom L.) is an annual aromatic plant of the mint family, has antibacterial, anticonvulsant, hypoglycemic, hypoallergenic, improved immune response, antioxidant and anti-depressant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of  hydroalcoholic extract of basil leaves on sex hormones (estradiol, progesterone, prolactin) in rats, which was performed at Mashhad Azad University in 2016.

This experimental study was performed on 24 female Wistar rats weighing approximately 230-200 g were randomly divided into four groups and were treated with extract of basil (100,250, and 500 mg / kg, respectively).Extract was fed by using gavage method to the rats in 7 consecutive days and then every female rats were placed inside the separated cages for mating. Mated rats were considered as positive samples by observing vaginal plaque To evaluate the changes in sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone and prolactin), blood samples were obtained from orbital sinus in three stages and were sent to the laboratory. Quantitative data were analyzed by using ANOVA, T-Test,Post hos and minitab softwares at significance  level of P <0.05. 

The hydroalcoholic extract of green basil leaves increased the hormone estradiol and progesterone in the prepregnancy stage and also the prolactin hormone in the two stages before pregnancy and pregnancy (p100 = 0.005), (p250 = 0) and (p500 = 0.003). Estradiol decreased in the experimental groups of 250 and 100 mg / kg (p250 = 0.041) (p100 = 0.033) and also the level of progesterone at a dose of 250 mg / kg in pregnancy (p250 = 0.0).

The use of basil hydroalcoholic extract seems to have a dose-dependent effect on sex hormone levels.

Staling is one of the main causes of reduced bread shelf life. In this study, the effect of using green tea hydroalcoholic extract as a beneficial herbal compound on dough rheological properties and staling of barbari bread was investigated.

In order to prepare the hydroalcoholic extract, first, green tea was extracted with 30% ethanol and then concentrated and powdered by spray dryer. The product was subjected to qualitative analysis and then was added at the 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5% concentrations (based on flour weight) in the formulation of consumable dough followed by performing the dough rheological properties and bread quality tests, staling, bread crumb hardness (by TPA device) and the samples thermal properties (by DSC device) were evaluated in one, three and five days after cooking.  

The results of dough rheological tests showed that the green tea hydroalcoholic extract increased flour quality and improved the dough rheological properties and also, increased the moisture and total polyphenol contents in bread, at all concentrations. In all three time periods, 0.5 and 1.5% treatments had the highest soft tissue as compared to other treatments and the control samples. The results of thermal properties indicated that 1.5% treatment reduced the starch retrogradation in the short- term (one day after baking) and possibly long-term (more than five days after baking).

In this study, green tea hydroalcoholic extract acts as an oxidizing improver and improved the dough rheological properties, and also, 0.5 and 1.5% treatments had the most effect on reduces the bread crumb hardness by delaying the staling of barbari bread.

Appearance of multidrug-resistant bacteria has created significant clinical problems in treatment of infectious diseases. Sonchus oleraceus plant with many medicinal properties can be a potential source of antibacterial effects.

Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of S. oleraceus were prepared by maceration  and antibacterial effect of these extracts as well as latex on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated by micro broth dilution method and MIC/ MBC according to CLSI.

Minimum lethal concentrations in latex and aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts for E. coli respectively 7.8, 15.6 and 7.8 mg / ml and for S. aureus, respectively. 3.9, 7.8 and 62.5 mg / ml were obtained. The highest antibacterial effect was observed in plant latex on S. aureus according to the diameter of inhibition zone.

This study presents the first results of the antibacterial effects of latex and aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of S. oleraceus in Iran. The highest inhibitory effect was related to latex at 3.9 mg / ml on S. aureus. Further studies can help us understand the antimicrobial potential of this plant.
Keywords: Sonchus oleraceus, Latex, Aqueous extract, Hydroalcoholic extract, S. aureus, E. coli

Breast cancer is one of the most important neoplasms affecting one out of eight women. Despite new therapeutic methods, the breast cancer mortality rate is increasing annually. Medicinal plants are considered important sources of anti-cancer compounds. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Mentha Pulegitim L. and Satureja hortensis L. on MCF-7 and MCF-10 breast cancer cell lines in vitro.

This study was performed in the laboratory of Boroujerd Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran, in 2020. After the preparation of hydroalcoholic extracts of Mentha Pulegitim L. and Satureja hortensis L., the effect of different concentrations of 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, 125, and 500 g/ml of both plants were examined on cell lines prepared at the tumor section of the Department of Cell Bank of Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran, for 24, 28, and 72 h. The effect of cytotoxicity was evaluated using an MTT assay. The light absorption was determined at 570 nm wavelengths using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader. In this study, a one-way analysis of variance was utilized. The identification of the compounds was performed using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry method.

The highest percentages of inhibition of MCF-7 and MCF-10 breast cancer cell lines were found in the 500 μg/ml concentrations of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Satureja hortensis L. and Mentha Pulegitim L.at 96.558% and 88.547%, respectively.

The results of the present study showed that the hydroalcoholic extracts of Satureja hortensis L. and Mentha Pulegitim L. leaves had significant cytotoxicity effects on the breast cancer cell line and prohibited their growth extensively.

One of the leading causes of death in the world is cancer. In order to find cures with fewer side effects and on the other hand drug resistance problems that exist in relation to the treatment of cancer patients, attention to plant-derived products has greatly increased. The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of hydro-alcoholic extracts of nettle and clove on cancer and normal cells.

Hydro-alcoholic extracts of nettle and clove were prepared in different concentrations (25, 100, 400, and 1200 μg / ml) then added to culture medium of breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and normal cells (Huvec) and incubated for 24 or 72 h. At the end of incubation, cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay and apoptosis by acridine orange-ethidium-bromide dual staining. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and Duncanchr('39')s multiple comparisons.

The addition of hydroalcoholic extracts of both nettle and clove at the highest used concentration (1200 μg/ml) after 24 and 72 hreduced cell proliferation significantly compared to other treatment and control groups (p<0.05). The addition of the highest concentration of both hydro-alcoholic extracts of clove and nettle to normal cells reduced cell proliferation significantly compared to other treatment groups (p<0.05).

The results of this study showed that the hydro-alcoholic extracts of nettle and clove inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells (MCF-7).

Algae are important sources of antioxidants due to their phenolic compounds, carotenoids and tocopherols. In this study, effects of the hydroalcoholic extract from Sargassum angustifolium on the shelf-life of Metapenaeus affinis were investigated.

Samples were immersed for 60 min in concentrations of 100, 300, 600 and 900 mg/L of the hydroalcoholic extract and dried. Control sample was immersed in distilled water. Both samples were stored at 4 °C for 15 days. On Days 0, 5, 10 and 15, TVC, pH, TVB-N, K-value, TBA, PPO and sensory indices were assessed.

Results showed that hydroalcoholic extract could significantly decrease bacterial load and thereby decrease oxidation of fats, resulting in significant decreases in pH, TVB-N, K-value, TBA and PPO indices in treatments containing hydroalcoholic extract, compared to control. Furthermore, sensory indices of points of the preserved shrimps were higher in treatments with hydroalcoholic extract than control.

Results of this study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of algae was effective in preserving quality of shrimps at prolonged storage times, increasing the shelf life by ten days, compared to five days of control treatment. Moreover, the best treatment included 900 mg/L of the hydroalcoholic extract.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder in the body. Sclerorhachis leptoclada belongs to the chicory family, is used to treat aids and cancer due to the antioxidant compounds in the root. Therefore, in this study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Sclerorhachis leptoclada on glucose and cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in diabetic rats was investigated.

In this experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups of 6: Control group, treatment groups 1, 2, and 3 (healthy, treated with 150 mg/kg and 300 and 600 extracts), Diabetic control group, experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 (diabetic, treated with doses of 150 mg/kg and 300 and 600 extracts), Positive control group (diabetic+glibenclamide), The healthy group (healthy+glibenclamide) was divided. After one month of gavage, blood samples were taken from the rats, and glucose, urea, creatinine, and albumin levels were measured. A comparison was made between the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Sclerorhachis leptoclada and the common drug glibenclamide and the results of the groups were compared by using t-test and ANOVA.

The results showed that the administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Sclerorhachis leptoclada can significantly reduce glucose levels in experimental groups (diabetic+extract at doses of 150, 300, 600) compared with the diabetic group (p<0.001) Also, the consumption of hydroalcoholic extract of Sclerorhachis leptoclada in diabetic patients causes a significant reduction in triglyceride, HDL and LDL levels in diabetic rats and has hypoglycemic effects.

The results of this study showed that the consumption of hydroalcoholic extract of Sclerorhachis leptoclada in diabetic rats significantly reduces serum levels of glucose, triglyceride and creatinine in diabetic rats and has hypoglycemic effects.

The importance of fertility and its issues, as the most important factor in changing population size, has led to an increase in fertility studies and related issues. Infertility is an active impotence. Wheat is the scientific name Triticum Sativum Lam belongs to the family Poaceae. Wheat germ is one of the largest germ of flowering plants. Considering the high consumption of wheat by Iranians and the fact that infertility is one of the problems that affects the family, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of administration of Triticum sativum hydroalcoholic extract on estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing (LH) and follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) in adult female rats.

This experimental study was performed on 30 female rats in the range of 200-250 mg and approximately 3 months in 5 groups of 6, including control, positive control and 50, 100 and 150 mg / kg doses of wheat hydro-alcoholic extract. Prescriptions were taken as gavage for 21 days. At the end of treatment, after taking blood samples, the levels of estrogen, progesterone, LH and FSH were measured and Data were analyzed using Minitab6 software and ANOVA and t-test.

Results showed that wheat had a significant increase in the levels of progesterone (p = 0.03), estrogen (p = 0.04), LH (p = 0.03) and FSH (p = 0.0) compared to the control group.

It seems that the use of wheat hydroalcoholic extract increased the levels of progesterone, estrogen, LH and FSH.Probably high levels of LH secretion increase the level of FSH, activation of the apple and subsequent production of progesterone from granulosa cells in the corpus luteum.

The number of neurons in the hippocampus can have a direct effect on its function. The plant Brazembel from the mint family may have antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of stress and Brazmble extract on neuronal density of CA1, CA2 in male rats.

In this experimental study, Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n=5), including control, and negative control under stress, also experimental group,including stress and get Brazmbl doses of the extract mL 50, mL 75 and mL 100. Limiting stress for 21 days, the rats were exposed in 2 hours. Groups receiving the extract for 21 days, to get inside limiting extracts were gavaged. After removal of the brain by perfusion, the hippocampus was excised and stained, and the neuronal density was calculated by dissector and metasteriology. The results were analyzed by Minitab 16 software with t-test and ANOVA at a significant level (P <0.05).

Statistical analysis of the data showed that the mean neuronal density in the stress group compared to the control in CA1 and CA2 had a significant decrease (p <0.01). The mean neuronal density of CA1 region between the stress group (29 ± 3) and hydroalcoholic treatment at 50 mg / kg (25 ± 3) showed a significant increase. In addition, the mean neuronal density in the stress group with 75 mg / kg extract (27±3) and in the group treated with hydroalcoholic extract was 100 mg / kg (25 ± 3). Mean neuronal density of CA2 region between the stress (21 ± 3) and hydroalcoholic treatment at 50 mg / kg (28 ± 3) groups showed a significant increase (p <0.01). The mean neuronal density in the stress group with 75 mg / kg extract was 27 ± 3 and in the hydroalcoholic extract treatment group was 100 mg / kg (22 ± 3), which increased significantly compared to the stress group (p <0.01).

The results of the current study show that the hydroalcoholic extract of plant Bromzebel probably increases the neuronal density of the brain hippocampus due to its polyphenolic substances such as flavonoids, which is due to its high antioxidant properties.

Today, the tendency to use biodegradable biopolymers as one of the appropriate technologies to prevent food oxidation has received much attention.

The aim of the present study was to produce a new biodegradable films containing free ethanolic extracts and nanocapsules of kak kosh biabani (Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss.), in order to investigate the antioxidant properties in laboratory conditions.

In this study, the effects of different films on mechanical properties, antioxidant activities, encapsulation efficiency, water vapor permeability, microstructure and morphology and color characteristics were evaluated.

The average particle size was 153-166 nm and the encapsulation efficiency was 49.87-73.07%. Nanoliposomes with the lowest size and highest encapsulation efficiency were merged with the film samples. The results obtained from FT-IR spectra revealed new interactions between chitosan and nanoliposomes. Despite the increase in yellow color and decrease in whiteness indices, the nanoliposome composition improves the mechanical stiffness and results in reduced water vapor permeability (WVP).

The properties of chitosan-zein films were affected by the amount of extract used, which generally improved the properties of the films and their antioxidant properties. Due to these features, this film can be used in food storage.