جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ماما » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Midwives, as members of the health team, have an important role in providing health services at three levels of the care system, especially the health center, family, and community. Self-efficacy of clinical performance is an essential variable in providing quality services. This study was conducted to compare the self-efficacy of clinical performance of midwife and non-midwife healthcare workers, working in Ahvaz health centers.

The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study carried out on 115 healthcare workers (67 midwives and 48 non-midwives) working in health centers in Ahvaz, Iran. Participants were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and completed the self-efficacy clinical performance questionnaire. Finally, the results were analyzed in two groups of midwives and non-midwives’ health care workers.

According to the analysis, midwives had the highest score of clinical self-efficacy in prenatal care, while non-midwives had the highest score in the field of children. Also, in midwives compared to non-midwives, the self-efficacy score of clinical performance in all areas except children was significantly different, and in all areas, the mean score obtained by midwives was higher than that of non-midwives (p <0.001).

Given the higher rate of clinical performance in midwives compared to the non-midwives group, as healthcare providers, in all areas of care provided to healthcare clients, health policymakers should consider this capability of midwives in planning related to health promotion.

The high prevalence of cesarean section in most developed countries, exceeding 50%, has led to detrimental effects on maternal and child health. Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) is a beneficial way to reduce cesarean rates. This study aimed to determine the effect of theory of planned behavior-based training on the intention and behavior of VBAC in pregnant women with previous cesarean section.

Methods & Materials: 

In this randomized controlled trial study, a convenience sample of 70 pregnant women with a history of cesarean section, referred to comprehensive health centers in Ardabil in 2020, were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group received four weekly education sessions based on the theory of planned behavior structures, while the control group received standard care. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire at three time points: before, immediately after, and four weeks after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 16, employing independent t-test, Fisher’s exact test, chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA at a 95% confidence level.

Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences in mean scores of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, intention, and awareness over time between the intervention and control groups (P<0.001). However, the educational intervention did not lead to a behavior change.

Based on the findings, it is imperative for health planners to focus on providing organizational support and fostering a positive attitude among obstetricians and midwives to prioritize the implementation of VBAC.

As a medical procedure, hymen examination is influenced by various cultural and social factors. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the reasons and consequences of girls' virginity examination from the perspective of midwives.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 210 employed midwives in Tabriz in the year 2021. Sampling method was simple random sampling. Data on the reasons and consequences of virginity examination from the perspective of midwives were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software and descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA tests, with p<0.05 considered significant.Ethical Considerations:Ethical principles in the present study included: clarifying the research objectives to participants, obtaining written informed consent, maintaining privacy and data confidentiality,providing the opportunity to leave the research at any study satge.

56.2% of midwives believed that hymen examination hasno therapeutic value and should not be performed. The majority (81.9%) agreed to perform virginity examination for the purpose of investigating sexual abuse and exploitation. 62% of individuals opposed virginity examination for issuing virginity certificates to girls before marriage. The majority (86.1%) believed that virginity examination is a violation of privacy and causes physical discomfort (74.7%), mental distress (86.1%), exacerbation of gender inequality (75.7%) and increase in physical and verbal violence (62.9%) and honor killings (55.8%).There were statistically significant associations between the causes for midwives' willingness to perform or not perform virginity examinations and ethnicity (P=0.018), personal history of virginity examination (P<0.001) and place of employment (P=0.003). Additionally, there were statistically significant associations between the consequencesof virginity examinations and the level of education (P=0.038), ethnicity (P=0.037), place of residence (P<0.001), place of employment (P=0.013) and the number of virginity examinations performed by midwives(P=0.022).

The study reveals that most midwives view hymen examinations as significant violations of women's rights and sources of physical and mental stress.Consequently, midwives, as key members of health care providers, can be instrumental in raisingawareness, providing educationand promoting cultural change. They can help dispel false beliefs, respect human dignity and privacyand shift the focus from the issue of virginity to other human aspects.

  Increasing abuse of pregnant women has caused health researchers and policymakers to promote respectful pregnancy care during pregnancy, delivery, and after birth. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of implementation of respecting pregnant women training workshop on knowledge and performance of midwives.

In this semi-experimental research with pre- and post-intervention design, a training workshop on respecting the pregnant mother was held for 25 midwives of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sardasht in 2021. The tool used in the research was a researcher-made questionnaire about the knowledge and performance of midwives in the field of respecting the pregnant mother. The pre-test before the workshop and the post-test two weeks after the end of the workshop were administered to the participating midwives. An educational workshop was held for midwives in the form of scenarios, speeches, and role playing. Data were analyzed using paired t-test in SPSS v.16 software at a significance level of less than 0.05.

The mean and standard deviation of midwives' performance score before the intervention was 124.42±22.517 and after the intervention was 167.29±7.981. The mean and standard deviation of the midwives' knowledge score before the intervention was 14.38±2.039 and after the intervention was 24.17±1.239. The findings showed that the mean score of knowledge and performance of midwives before and after the workshop had significant statistical differences (p<0.0001).

Conducting a training workshop for midwives can be a suitable method to improve the knowledge and performance of midwives in the field of respecting pregnant mothers, and as a result, improving respectful pregnancy care.

Occupational stress is one of the major problems of health care workers, which greatly affects their professional performance. Having the ability to manage stress in the stressful midwifery profession is one of the basic requirements that can reduce midwifery errors and consequently reduce the mortality of mothers and babies. Although job stress exists in all jobs, midwives face higher levels of job stress in order to meet the needs of pregnant mothers and their families, and in this way, not having the ability to manage stress and tension may reduce the quality of services. The present study was conducted by determining the relationship between stress management and the level of perceived job stress and the quality of services provided by midwives working in the maternity department of hospitals in Hamedan province.

Pregnancy is a critical period. A healthy lifestyle during pregnancy has profound direct and indirect effects on the long-term health of the mother, the fetus and the newborn. According to studies, healthy lifestyle education for pregnant mothers in Iran, including at the level of primary health care, is not in a favorable condition. Lack of training program updates for midwives and lack of documented comprehensive educational content are among the reasons. The present policy brief aimed at dealing with this health problem by implementing the best evidence in practice. We propose "delivering healthy lifestyle education to pregnant women by midwives according to the best evidence-based criteria" to the health policymakers in Iran Ministry of Health and medical sciences universities. In this regard, it is recommended to systematically train midwives in healthcare settings, integration of healthy lifestyle education to mothers and primary health care programs, including that in the electronic health records of pregnant women, and continuous monitoring of these activities could be of great benefit.

Recognizing workplace violence, especially in midwifery centers, is one of the serious issues worldwide. So, providing background information on violence against midwives is necessary for proper planning and policy-making. This study aimed to determine the status of verbal and physical violence against midwives working in public hospitals in Tehran in 2021.

Methods & Materials: 

This cross-sectional study was performed on 370 midwives working in public hospitals from February 2021 to July 2021 in Tehran. After 2-stage cluster sampling in selection of the hospitals, ten teaching hospitals with obstetrics and gynecology wards were included in the study and midwives working in the obstetrics and gynecology wards were included based on convenience sampling and according to the inclusion criteria. The data was collected using the workplace violence questionnaire of Rahmani and colleagues which its reliability and validity were also evaluated and confirmed in this study. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 22 using an independent t-test.

Overall, 41.4 percent of midwives reported experiencing verbal violence and 7.3 percent reported physical violence at work in the last 12 months. Physical and verbal violence were mostly committed by patients (70.4 percent) and then by their companions (52.9 percent), respectively.

Verbal violence is the most dominant violence perpetrated by patients and their companions in midwifery workplaces. Therefore, establishing a formal violence reporting system and teaching how to deal with occupational violence by hospital officials is essential.

Midwifery is a discipline mixed with science and skills that has a professional background of socio- cultural and human relations. The current education of medical groups with the philosophy of objectivism has led to the morbid adaptation of midwifery and less use of available and inexpensive services of this profession. Not only lack of timely health services receiving by the weak level of society has irreoverable consequences in health or life, but also it imposes huge costs on the health system. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of extracting the concepts and dimensions of accountability of midwifery services and designing and validating the educational model based on it.

This exploratory sequential mixed study was done 2021 to 2022 at Allameh Tabatabai University, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad University, Rasht branch. In first qualitative stage with grounded theory method, personal exploratory interviewes were conducted by a semi- structured questionnaire and the Key informants that were selected from the faculty members in form of mostly purposeful sampling. Theoretical sampling was continued until the data saturation with 11 infotmants. The analysis process was completed with  triple open, axial and selective coding . In the last part, the validation of the extractive model was done by a descriptive cross- sectional quantitative method, with a researcher- made questionnaire, which was designed based on the findings of the qualitative stage. Sampling of professors was done by non- randomly purposeful and snowball methods and finally the analysis was performed with descriptive statistics.

In the qualitative part, the concept of accountable midwifery were extracted in six components including the basics of accountability, accountability in midwifery ethics framework, accountability within the legal framework, accountability within the framework of professional rules and standards, accountability in the social framework and accountability within the midwifery models .Then, with the main dimensions of the Grounded theory, educational model was desighned with nine basic elements of objectives, teacher role, learner role, providing learning opportunities, content creation and access to resources, learning environment, teaching methods, assessment and evaluation and the learning outcomes for six components of accountable midwifery. In the quantitative part, components of accountable midwifery and extracted educational model were confirmed.

Accontable midwifery is a multifaceted phenomenon, and to achieve it, we need necessarily move the policy approaches of maternal health services and midwifery education towards more comprehensiveness and the implementation of a suitable educational model.

Nosocomial infection is a health problem in all countries. Considering the role of midwives in controlling nosocomial infection, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on model on preventive behaviors of nosocomial infection by Babol hospitals midwives was done.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with intervention and control group. The interventions were performed in three 40-minute sessions in the Shahid Yahya Nejad Hospital in April and May 2017. The data collection tool was a structure Health Belief Model based(Awareness, structure Health Belief Model and behavior) on a questionnaire completed Its validity and reliability were assessed two months before and one month after Midwives who met the inclusion criteria education. Data were collected and analyzed by SPSS software v. 24 by Anova , T-test and ANCO one-way Covariance tests.

This research paper has been approved by the ethics committee IR.IAU.TMU.REC.1398.068 and informed consent will be taken from the participants in the study the information will remain confidential.

Before the intervention, the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of, mean scores of different model structures. After intervention, there was a significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of the effect of education on knowledge score (1.0±0.3), perceived sensitivity (2.8±1.5), perceived severity (3.6±1.7) Perceived barriers (-6.4±1.3), perceived benefits (5.1±4), self-efficacy (4.6 ± 2.6) and behavior( 3.1±1.1) was seen in the intervention group (P>0.05).

By increasing the scores obtained from the structures Especially self-efficacy and reduction of perceived barriers, designing and implementing an educational program based on model in midwives can increase their performance regarding the prevention of nosocomial infections.

Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy are one of the most common complaints of pregnant women. The present study aimed to assess the effect of counseling based on the model of continuous midwife-led care on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

This two-group clinical trial study was performed on 60 pregnant women aged 8-12 weeks in 2020. Participants in the intervention group received three face-to-face counseling sessions based on the continuous midwife-led care model, while the control group received routine prenatal care. The severity of nausea and vomiting was assessed using the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) questionnaire three days before the commencement of the study and two weeks during the study. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 22) using the Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, and analysis of covariance. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

In the intervention group, after the midwife-led consultation, compared to before, the mean scores of nausea and vomiting, as well as the overall severity of nausea and vomiting, decreased during two weeks (P<0.001). Although this decrease was not significant in the first week of the intervention compared to the control group (P>0.05), the difference between the two groups in the second week of the study was significant in terms of overall severity of nausea and vomiting based on the overall score of the PUQE questionnaire (P <0.05).

As evidenced by the obtained results, the use of the model of continuous midwife-led care is recommended to reduce nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

Human resources are considered as a major component of the health sector.  this study estimates the number of midwives required in maternity wards in hospitals by using the WISN method.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in three hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Iran using the WISN method in 2019. The workload and the standard working time were determined through holding expert meetings; the timing methods were used to test and verify the standard working time; available working time was determined through holding meetings with personnel affairs experts, studying the relevant laws and regulations and personnel system information; and the actual workload was determined based on information management system and information registries. Microsoft Excel was used to analyze WISN data and Stata (version 19) was used to analyze statistical data.

10 factors related to midwifes’ available working time were identified. Annual available working time for midwives in the studied hospitals was 1378 hours per year. In this study, labor, delivery, recovery and postpartum, recovery after cesarean care, and new born cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were identified as the main activities of midwives. The results have shown that the Centre hospital and the educational hospital faced with 2 and 13 midwifes shortage, respectively, while the non-educational hospital had 2 surplus midwives.

The results showed that although both center and educational hospitals are faced with a shortage of midwifery staff, in comparison of working pressure, midwives in the educational hospital are under more pressure than the midwifes in the center hospital; so staffing in the educational hospital is a top priority. so workforce recruitment has a significant role in these hospitals.

Job stress is one of the most common occupational diseases, significant effect on quality of the service care and creativity which is the core of clinical practice. According to the surveys, the effect of stressful conditions on the creativity needs further study. The present study was conducted to determine, correlation between job stress with creativity and job stress predictors in midwives.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 114 midwives had been working in teaching and medical hospitals of Ilam-Iran from October to December 2018. Job stress and creativity was assessed using the job stress HSE and CT questionnaires. Pearson correlation test was used investigated the relationships between job stress and creativity, General linear model was used to determine job stress predictors. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software version 21.

The most of the midwives (62.3%) were under a low level of job stress and 35% had no job stress. Mean total score of job stress was 3.3 ± 0.5 from the attainable score of 1-5. Mean  creativity was 131.5 ± 14.7 from the attainable score of 60-180. Job stress and sub domains were not associated with creativity. Having Low level of education (B=0.5, CI 95%= 0.1 to 0.9, P= 0.014) and having hospital work satisfaction (B=0.2, CI 95%= 0.05 to 0.4, P= 0.010) indicated as job stress predictors.

Due to the low levels of job stress and the high level of creativity, hospital managers can use these factors with employment satisfaction in the hospital to provide quality clinical services.

Burnout is a major social problem in the workplace. Burnout of midwives threatens the health of this group of medical professionals and reduces the quality and quantity of services provided by them. Since planning effective measures to reduce this problem requires the identification of related factors, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between burnout and structural empowerment among midwives.

This cross‑sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted on 282 midwives working in labor wards of hospitals in Isfahan (Iran) from December 6, 2017 to March 31, 2018. Convenience Sampling was used. To collect information, conditions for work effectiveness Questionnaire (CWEQ) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were used. Partial correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

In this study, there were significant inverse correlations between the structural empowerment and two domains of job burnout (emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment (r = - 0.16, p = 0.02; r = - 0.21, p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that domains of structural empowerment were significant predictors of the variance of job burnout in the emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment domains. (R2 = 0.08, p = 0.03, R2 = 0.15, p < 0.001)

Structural empowerment can be associated with reduction of burnout. Providing transparent and complete information, providing the necessary support and sufficient resources and also strengthening the organizational position of midwives can provide the structural empowerment of midwives' work environments and reduce their burnout.

Midwives experience high levels of stress due to the nature of their work. Some factors can play a significant role in the occupational stress experience. The aim of the study was to investigate the predictive role of emotional intelligence and individual-occupational factors on occupational stress among the midwives working in Rasht.

Methods & Materials:

 In this descriptive, correlational study, 250 midwives working in health centers and hospitals in Rasht, from May to September 2018 were included using stratified random sampling. Questionnaires on demographic characteristics, emotional intelligence and occupational stress were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed through the SPSS software version 23 using descriptive and inferential statistics including independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression at the significant level of 0.05.

The mean and standard deviation of emotional intelligence and occupational stress were 114.20±12.55, 119.66±15.48 respectively. Predictors of occupational stress (P<0.05) included workplace variables (private hospital: β=-0.19, P=0.012), overtime hours (β=-0.33, P<0.001), sleeping hours (β=0.13, P=0.011), social activity (β=0.11, P=0.029), age (β=0.25, P=0.045) and the overall score of emotional intelligence (β=0.55, P<0.001). These variables explained 54% of variance of occupational stress.

Overall, in the adjusted model of the workplace variables, overtime hours, sleeping hours, level of social activity, midwife’s age and the overall score of emotional intelligence were significant predictors of occupational stress. Accordingly, designing effective programs can improve the performance of midwives.

Failure to follow professional ethics in midwifery will lead to harmful risks, including an increase in maternal and infant mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the barriers to professional ethics in midwifery clinical care from midwives ’viewpoints in hospitals specializing in obstetrics and gynecology in North Khorasan province in 2018. This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed with the participation of 141 midwives working in specialized obstetrics and gynecology hospitals in North Khorasan province, using classified sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of two parts: demographic information and barriers to professional ethics, in three areas: environmental and managerial and personal care. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and descriptive and inferential statistics. From the perspective of midwives, all three categories of environmental factors (73.94%), personal care (64.66%) and management (64.97%) were among the barriers to professional ethics. The most important barriers to professional ethics in the managerial dimension are staff shortages (80%), in the environmental dimension, biological changes in the body during work shifts (85.2%) and in the personal dimension, dissatisfaction with basic needs, such as insufficient income or adequate rest in midwifery (80.9%), was. Given the importance of observing professional ethics and the issues and problems arising from non-compliance, it is suggested that managers and officials make the necessary planning by hospitals to remove the barriers mentioned by midwives.

Human is spiritual dimensions that has legal status in health and disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of nursing and midwifery students about patient rights in Iran Universities of Medical Sciences teaching hospitals’ in 2017. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study in 2017 with convenience sampling method. Data was collected by a three-part questionnaire including demographic information, Knowledge about the Patient Rights Charter, and strategies for student information to deal with patient rights. Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests were used for data analysis. A total of 1219 undergraduate students participated in this study. The mean score of students' awareness of the Patient Rights Charter was 13.54±4.45 out of 29 points. 1007 students (82.61%) reported that education about patient right was sufficient. Direct correlation was between patient knowledge awareness score with pre-internship training (r = 0.461) and learning from instructor information (r = 0.512) and there was a negative correlation between self-education (r = -0.151) and other methods of information acquisition (r = -0.067). Given that most students did not consider the educational content taught in the field of patient rights to be effective, it can be concluded that these methods were ineffective and failed to convey the correct information. Therefore, revising of the Patient Rights Curriculum for Nursing and Midwifery students is recommended

Professional behavior, as one of the fundamental elements of professional training, obliges nursing and midwifery staff to follow the principles that make them receive care with more confidence and trust along with the clients. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometrics of a questionnaire and determine the professional behavior of midwives working in the delivery wards of medical centers and hospitals under the auspices of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, in 2019.

This descriptive-analytical study evaluated 200 midwives working in delivery units with a standardized checklist assessing the professional behavior of health care providers.

The results obtained in the areas of confronting with the client, being responsible and having interaction with colleagues, and considering the patient as a human, being trustworthy, identifying and satisfying the patientchr('39')s needs, paying attention to the patientchr('39')s conversations and having a respectful behavior with him/her, performing tasks properly, providing appropriate feedback, observing hospital rules, and respecting colleagues were among the most important priorities of the study findings.

Based on the findings of this study, the factors requiring attention included confronting with the client, considering the patient as a human, paying attention to the patientchr('39')s conversations and having a respectful behavior with him/her, being trustworthy, identifying and satisfying the patientchr('39')s needs, providing continuing care to clients, and observing the morals in interaction with clients.

Today ,education and developing human resources are two important subjects in improving  organization . The quality of education and research courses  are  challenges that  universities always trying to achieve them and  promoting continuous  quality of education  requires the use of educational evaluation . this study aimed to evaluate the educational course of neonatal resuscitation of nurses and midwives based on kirkpatrick chr('39')s model .

This is a practical and descriptive – analytic research . Population of the study consisted of 50 nurses and midwiferies who attended the neonatal resuscitation workshop in 2017 for the first time. Level of learning skills of resuscitation in workplace and their satisfaction was measured by a researcher - made questionnaire according to Kirkpatrick chr('39')s model. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed  by content and face validity and cronbach’s alpha respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics ( Mean , percent frequency and frequency ) and inferential statistics ( one - way ANOVA , T - test and independent T - test ) using Spss software.

The results of this study showed that there is no significant difference between studentschr('39') satisfaction with work experience and educational level. Based on the mean obtained at the reaction level (1.52 ± 0.48) and one-sample t (p = 0.000, t = 22.31), the participants were generally satisfied with the neonatal resuscitation training course. and at the level of learning, according to the mean pre-test scores of the participants(14.76 ± 3.87) and the post-test scores of the participants (17.93±  1.63), and the results of t-test of two independent groups (t=5.32 ,P = 0.000) The amount of learning of the participants after participating in the training course has significantly increased.

The Given the significant differences between learning rates in the two phases of Pre-test and post-test  and learners satisfaction of this course ,  it is expected, training officials to effectiveness of educational courses, according to the strengths and weaknesses of the training course also regarding to the evaluation results,  provide basis of  improving  educational courses quality.

In addition to reducing the costs in hospitals, manpower planning can ensure the quality of patient care. Therefore, this study, which is part of a comprehensive study, was conducted with the aim of applying the birth rate method to estimate the number of midwives required in the maternity ward.

In this analytical study, 334 patients who referred to the delivery ward of two hospitals affiliated to the Social Security Organization in Khorasan Razavi province were selected by systematic random sampling. Retrospective data were collected from patients  medical records using the Birthrate Plus (BR+) model questionnaire consisting of 34 items related to maternal and neonatal clinical factors based on scores obtained in five groups (score 6 in group one, score 7-9 in group two, score 10-13 in group three, score 14-18 in group four, and score 19 and above in group five). Then, the data were analyzed.

The results showed that the duration of stay in the maternity wards of the province and district hospitals was 12.07±5.18 and 7.17±4.22 hours, respectively (p<0.001). The mean duration of midwife s care in the two hospitals was significantly different (p<0.001). The results indicated more patients with complex conditions in the maternity ward of the province hospital. According to the "BR+" model, about 60% of patients in the province hospital were in groups 4 and 5, while it was 18% in another hospital. The number of midwives required in district and province hospitals was 27 and 72, respectively, based on full-time equivalent (FTE), which was obtained by converting it into an index equivalent to one midwife for 142 and 95 annual deliveries in the mentioned hospitals.

The results of the study showed that the use of the BR+ model, considering the length of stay and the severity of clients symptoms, is a suitable model for determining the midwifery staff in the maternity ward.

Midwives are always faced with ethical challenges in their day care, so they need to be aware of the legal and professional aspects of their care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge of midwives about rules and regulations and professional Ethical codes in North Khorasan hospital in 2018.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on midwives working in the maternity department of affiliated hospitals of North Khorasan province in 2018 using census method. The tools used in this study were demographic questionnaire and knowledge of professional ethics codes and midwifery rules and regulations. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation coefficient. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

In this study, the mean of midwives chr('39')knowledge of professional ethics codes was 7.82 ± 1.88 and the mean of midwiveschr('39') knowledge of midwifery rules and regulations was12.7 ± 2.89. Most people had moderate awareness of professional ethical codes in 66 (78.6%) and 40 (47.6%) of them had low and 40 (47.6%) of them had moderate knowledge of midwifery laws and regulations.

Due to insufficient midwiveschr('39') awareness of professional ethical codes and midwifery rules and regulations, implementation of retraining programs to improve midwivechr('39')s awareness in order to improve performance and increase satisfaction as well as reduce health errors seems necessary.