جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ماهی ها » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Various natural and human activities, non-biodegradability and toxicity of heavy metals even in low concentrations are among causative agents of aquatic ecosystem pollution, which can cause serious threat to the environment and humans. The aim of study was to investigate the level of lead and cadmium in the edible tissue (muscle and skin) of caspian kutum and rainbow trout in Gonbad Kavus, Iran and also to compare the accumulation levels with the European Union standard.

To investigate the concentration of lead and cadmium, 25 samples of caspian kutum and 25 samples of rainbow trout were randomly collected from fish supply centers in Gonbad Kavus, from April to June 2022. The levels of lead and cadmium in the samples were measured using the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry technique.

The concentration of lead and cadmium in Caspian white fish was 587±22.30 and 120.89±6.07 µg/kg and in rainbow trout 323.72±9.89 and 62.37±3.98 µg/kg, respectively. The levels of lead and cadmium in caspian kutum were significantly higher than those of rainbow trout (P<0.05). The amount of lead and cadmium in caspian kutum samples exceeded the EU standard limit, while the levels exceeded the EU standard limit in 30% and 36% of rainbow trout samples, respectively.  

The levels of lead and cadmium heavy metals pollution were high in rainbow trout compared to caspian kutum in Gonbad Kavus, Iran. It is suggested that in order to find the causes of the pollution and provide suitable solutions, the amount of these heavy metals must be periodically measured in rainbow trout compared to caspian kutum in Gonbad Kavus, Iran.  The influx of human and industrial sewage from Iran and other countries in the Caspian Sea and the lowering of the water level in the Caspian Sea increase the contamination of seafood with heavy metals. Therefore, the pollution of water resources in areas such as Gorgan Bay with sewage should be prevented.

Heavy metals, as one of the important groups of pollutants in the aquatic environment, enter aquatic ecosystems as a result of natural and human activities. These metals may be accumulated in the body of aquatic animals, including fish, and are a potential health hazard for ecosystems and living organisms, especially for humans. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the concentration of three heavy metals mercury, arsenic and copper in the muscle tissue, liver and skin in two species of two species of Otolithes ruber and Sphyraena forsteri in the fishing ports of Konarak and Pozm.

36 fish samples were collected from Kanarak and Pezem ports. After preparing the samples, the concentration of heavy elements mercury, arsenic and copper was determined by the atomic absorption method. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software, version 20 and covariance tests and Pearson correlation test at a significance level of 0.05.

There was no significant difference between the amounts of the studied metals in muscle tissue, liver and inflamed and cauterized skin (p<0.05). The average concentration of heavy metals copper, mercury, and arsenic in the muscle tissue of Otolithes ruber 3.61, 0.01, and 0.02 respectively, and Sphyraena forsteri 2.38, 0.01, and 0.02 μg / g, respectively.

The concentration of heavy metals in the muscle tissue was lower than the international standards of WHO and FAO.

Aquatic animal products are considered very important food items in the food basket regarding their high calorie, protein, and omega-3 unsaturated fat. Many aquatic animals, including fish, may always be infected with pathogenic microorganisms at various stages, from hunting to purchasing. Eventually, these factors would cause severe poisoning in humans. The present study investigates the registration and identification of Staphylococcus aureus’s toxic genes isolated from tilapia using the Multiplex PCR technique.

The sample size included 42 subjects (21 fresh fish samples and 21 frozen fish samples). First, after preparing the samples, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and examined as surface culture in Baird-Parker medium. Next, a Coagulase test was performed, and the enterotoxin gene was identified by DNA extraction. Finally, gene sequencing was carried out automatically and systematically.

The results suggested that 92.9% of the total samples (21 fresh tilapia and 18 frozen fish) had no Staphylococcus aureus, and 7.1% of the samples were infected with Staphylococcus aureus. The coagulase test results also suggested that all three frozen fish samples were coagulase positive. Examining enterotoxin-producing genes (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, and SEG) among three frozen samples infected with Staphylococcus bacteria revealed SEA enterotoxin gene only in one frozen sample.

The results showed that due to the low cost and much shorter time required to identify toxic Staphylococcus aureus genes using Multiplex PCR, this method is highly effective in studying the genotypes of Staphylococcus isolates. Therefore, by using this method, one can improve the food health level in the society.

The presence of heavy metals in the environment and especially bioaccumulatioin of these compounds in tissues of aquatic organisms could constitute be a hazard to food security and public health. Therefore, this study was conducted to analysis of As, Pb and Cu contents in muscle tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss and Barbus barbus captured from the Sirvan River, Kurdistan in 2019.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 30 fish samples were collected randomizelly from five sampling stations along the Sirvan River. After samples preparation, As, Pb and Cu concentrations were determined using ICP–OES. Also, all statistical analyses of the obtained data were performed using SPSS software.

The results showed that the mean concentrations of As, Pb and Cu (µg/g, wet weight) in muscle tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss were 0.022, 0.034, and 0.078, respectively, while in muscle tissue of Barbus barbus were found to be 0.018, 0.012 and 0.042, respectively. Also, the mean contents of all the analyzed elements were lower than maximum permissible concentration (MPC) established by FAO/WHO, ATSDR, FDA and EU.

Although at the time of this research the contribution to the total body burden of the analyzed elements can be considered as negligibly small, mismanagement of land uses around the Sirvan River could lead to the entry of several kinds of pollutants such as pesticides and potentially toxic elements into the water body. Consequently, adverse health effects could be occured for local consumers through ingestion of fishes with high accumulated heavy metals in their tissues.

The present research was carried out with the aim of measuring the levels of the heavy metals nickel, lead and cadmium in the muscle tissues of the Acanthopagrus cuvieris in Asaluyeh port in Bushehr Province.

Twenty Acanthopagrus cuvieri with an average weight of 1056.66±10.12 and 1014.30±19.68 gr were hunted in the winter and spring of 2020, respectively. After transferring the samples to the laboratory, their Biometrics operations were performed. Then the samples were chemically digested with nitric acid and at the end, the number of heavy metals was measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (model: PG AA 500).

The results of measuring the concentrations of the heavy metals in the muscle tissues of the Acanthopagrus cuvieri showed that the mean levels of nickel, lead and cadmium were 36.4±0.2, 85.4±0.4 and 58.7±0.1 µg/kg dry weight during winter, respectively. In spring, these amounts were 12.8±0.4, 45.3±0.5 and 48.2±0.3 µg/kg dry weight, respectively. There was a significant difference between winter and spring in this regard (P<0.05).

The levels of heavy metals in muscle tissues of Acanthopagrus Cuvieri in Asaluyeh port were lower than the international WHO, FAO, NHMRC, and UK (MAFF) standards and therefore these concentrations pose no threat to consumers.

Collagen bears many applications in pharmacy and medicine, health and cosmetic products as well as food industry. In recent years, much attention has been paid to separation of collagen from marine organisms arising from the fact that its use in the diet is not restricted and triggers no risk of contagious diseases as well as religious restrictions. Moreover, fish collagen is unique in terms of its extremely high solubility in dilute acid on a scale with mammalian and chicken collagen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the isolation and evaluation of collagen from fish skin (Thunnus tonggol) as a biological material for medical tissue engineering.

Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) was isolated from fish skin using acetic acid. The Thunnus tonggol skin collagen was extracted by acid and base methods and evaluated by PAGE-SDS, FTIR and UV spectrophotography and amino acid composition analysis.

The results, predicated on SDS-PAGE and amino acid compositions, demonstrated that the fish skin collagen is of type I. Fourier transform infrared analysis also revealed helical compositions of both collagens. UV spectrophotometry in the Thunnus tonggol skin collagen indicated a maximum absorption of 235 nm. The amount of collagen extracted from the Thunnus tonggol skin turned out to be 17.3%. Through analysis of collagen amino acid extracted from the mentioned fish, glycine was predominant. The growth and proliferation of human fibroblast cells on the collagen extracted from the Thunnus tonggol skin was more than control.

The results revealed that the fish collagen is an accessible and advantageous material for medical usage and tissue engineering.

Inadequate quality of water and the presence of contaminants such as silver nitrate in water can cause stress in fish and endanger their life by reducing the immune system function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different prebiotic levels of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on some immune parameters of tilapia serum exposed to silver nitrate toxin.

120 tilapia were treated for 42 days in 4 groups with 3 replications (n=10). These groups were 1) control, no oyster mushroom prebiotics, 2) food containing 0.05%, 3) food containing 0.1% and 4) food containing 0.2% prebiotic oyster mushrooms. Silver nitrate toxin with a concentration of 0.5 ppm was added to each group for 16 days. Finally, the biochemical parameters of fish in serum were measured.

Serum biochemical parameters in the control group were significantly different from the groups fed with oyster mushrooms (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% oyster mushroom prebiotics) that were exposed to silver nitrate toxin (P<0.05). The use of oyster mushrooms prebiotics had a positive effect on serum biochemical parameters; more effects were observed on AST, albumin, glucose and total protein levels.  

This study showed that the level of 0.2% prebiotic oyster mushroom can partially neutralize the effect of silver nitrate toxin in tilapia.

One of the major global concerns about the environment is the pollution of aquatic ecosystems by heavy metals. These elements contaminate aquatic environments and accumulate and concentrate through bioaccumulation in the tissues of living organisms at higher levels of the food chain consumed by humans. In this study, the concentrations of three heavy metals, lead, nickel and cadmium, in the muscle tissue of two species of fish Otolithes ruber and Sphyraena forsteri in the fishing ports of Konarak and Pozm were investigated.

36 fish samples were collected from Konarak and Pazm ports. After preparation of the samples by acid digestion, the concentrations of heavy elements lead, nickel and cadmium were measured by Contr-AA-700 atomic absorption spectrometer. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20) and ANCOVA and Pearson correlation tests at a significance level of 0.05%.

According to the results of the study, there was no significant difference between the amounts of lead, nickel and cadmium in the muscle tissue of Otolithes ruber and Sphyraena forsteri (P> 0.05). The average concentrations of heavy metals lead, cadmium, and nickel in the muscle of fish caught from Konarak port were higher than the samples of Pozm Bay. Also, the concentrations of heavy metals lead, nickel and cadmium in Sphyraena forsteri fish were lower than those of Otolithes ruber samples.

The results of the present study showed that the levels of lead and cadmium in the muscle tissue of the studied fish were lower than the standards of the US Food and Drug Administration, the UK Department of Fisheries and Agriculture, the World Food and Agriculture Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency. The concentration of nickel in the muscle of the studied fish was higher than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization.

Fish is one of the creatures which have the bio-accumulation of heavy metals. Terapon puta belongs to the order of Perciformes, is a benthic species in the waters of the Persian Gulf. This study was performed to evaluate the bio-accumulation of iron and nickel metals in the muscle of Terapon puta.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 30 pieces of Terapon puta caught in the Jefreh pier area of Bushehr, north of the Persian Gulf during the summer of 2019. Length (mm) and total weight (g) of fish were measured. The concentrations of iron and nickel in fish muscle tissue for human consumption were compared with international standards and calculated according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method for fish consumption, estimated daily uptake (EDI), and pollutant risk index (CR). After preparation, bioassay and, digestion of fish muscle with concentrated nitric acid, the concentration of iron and nickel (mg/kg) in muscle tissue was measured with ICP-OES.

The mean concentrations of iron and nickel in muscle tissue of fish samples were calculated 36.08±15.72 and 0.39±0.13 mg/kg, respectively. There was a significant difference between the concentrations of iron and nickel in the muscle tissue of the Terapon puta in the sampling area (P<0.05) and these values were lower than the standard and meaningless the muscle tissue of the Terapon puta in the sampling area compared to the FDA standard. The highest concentration of metals was observed in the length class of 20-25 cm and weight class of 230-260 g. Linear regression analysis showed that a strong increase (R2=0.9) between the concentration of iron and nickel with the length and total weight of fish. The daily uptake of both metals was obtained by consuming Terapon puta muscle tissue for consumers below the USEPA reference dose. The concentration of iron in the muscle tissue of Terapon puta was lower than the international standards. Nickel concentration was more than allowable limit according to WHO standards. The carcinogenicity risk index for nickel was acceptable.

Concentrations of iron and nickel in Terapon puta were considered acceptable for human consumption in terms of toxicity. The risk index for Terapon puta was less than one; therefore, the consumption of Terapon puta will not cause adverse health effects for consumers.

Gelatin is an animal by-product obtained from the relative hydrolysis of collagen tissue in various parts of the animal body. Therefore, determining the solubility of the type of fish or marine used in gelatin, fat-soluble vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids and products containing them is necessary for some Islamic religions. Today in many gelatin products, especially supplements and gelatin capsules imported to Iran, different species of crabs, catfish and squid is used, which no way to identify them has been reported. Based on Bioinformatics studies and genes available in databases, specific primers were designed for qualitative trace crabs, catfish and squid in gelatin capsules and supplements. Then the PCR method was optimized. Finally, the extracted DNA was amplified with specific primers and detected on agarose gel. PCR reaction optimization was performed for specific primers for crab, catfish and squid, so bands 147, 124 and 112 bp were observed on the agarose gel, respectively. Specificity stability and reproducibility of the method for each pair of primers was confirmed. Then the PCR with extracted DNAs from the gelatin capsules were done with primers. Also, the sequencing of the amplified band with general aquatic primers confirmed the mentioned results. In this study, for the first time, with PCR method and designed specific primers can detect the crab, catfish and squid qualitatively in gelatin or products containing it, such as gelatin capsules, supplements and collagen, in a short time, before entering the country.

Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii) is of great importance among consumers. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the fatty acid profiles of fish caught in east of Sari and west of Noshahr.

The studied fish (three fish from each gender) were purchased in winter and spring from Sari Shahid Beheshti Cooperative and the Veterans Cooperative of Noshahr (east and west of Mazandaran province, respectively). Biochemical analysis and fatty acid profile were determined by the application of gas chromatography using standard methods.

Stearic acid, oleic acid, and DHA were the highest in Sari in winter being the significantly different from other fatty acids (p < 0.05). Total fatty acids in male and female fish from Noshahr and male fish from Sari were significantly lower in spring than in the others, and male and female fish from Nowshahr contained relatively higher total fatty acids in winter. Maximum DHA values were higher than EPA in both sexes, seasons, and regions. The chemical composition of male and female fish did not differ significantly in both seasons and regions (p > 0.05). SFA percentages in both sexes and regions were generally higher in winter than in spring, while PUFA percentages in both sexes and regions were higher in spring than in winter. The percentage of ω-3 fatty acids (41.12%) in winter samples of Noshahr was higher than that (30.91%) in Sari, and it was higher in spring samples of Sari (55.27%) than that of Noshahr (17.29%). The lowest total ratios of ω-3/ω-6 were obtained in Sari (3.12) in male fish in winter and in Noshahr (3.23) in spring. The highest PUFA/SFA ratios were observed in Sari (1.9) and Noshahr (0.74) kutum in spring and winter, respectively.

Fish examined in winter contained more fatty acids (especially DHA and EPA) in the muscle and are therefore more important for human consumption. The two regions, two seasons, and two sexes had significant effects on body biochemical composition and fatty acid profile of Caspian Sea kutum.

Fish intake is known as a healthy dietary pattern that can reduce cardiovascular risk factors, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cerebrovascular risks. Regarding the geography of Hormozgan province as a costal area, current study was designed to assess the intake of this food rich in omega3 in towns, districts, and villages of Hormozgan Province.   

In this descriptive analytical and cross-sectional study, samples were selected by multistage random cluster sampling. Data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire containing demographic and fish intake variables. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

In this study, 5074 people from Hormozgan province who were older than 18 years were participated. Out of which, 41% were male, 85.2% were married, and 29.8% were illiterate. Jask and Bandar lenge citizens had the highest and Hajiabad had the lowest fish intake. In addition, 64.9% of urban and 76.8% of rural population in Hormozgan Province had fish intake more than twice per week. This study showed a significant relationship between fish consumption and residence place, education, monthly income, marital status, occupation, and age.

Regarding the role of fish intake in community health and low fish intake in educated individuals, young people, and those with specialized jobs in Hormozgan province, it is necessary to conduct applied research to identify the effective factors and barriers in increasing fish consumption and to design effective interventions to increase fish consumption in the studiesd population.

Bioaccumulation Capacity of Heavy metals in aquatic bodies can do a serious threat to food security and public health. Therefore, in this study, the amount of lead, cadmium and copper in edible tissues of hydrothermal fish in Alborz province was determined in 2017.

Twenty-one carp fish of three species were randomly selected from the Mahmoudi fishery, which supplies the Alborz hydrothermal fish market, and after acidic digestion of the specimens, the concentration of lead, cadmium and copper was determined by Atomic absorption device.

The mean concentration of lead, cadmium and copper in wild carp, amur and phytophagus in ppb and for cadmium was measured. Highest amount of lead in  Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cadmium in Ctenopharyngodon idella &Copper in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix was observed.Statistical comparison of the mean concentrations of the Heavy metals with the guidelines of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization showed that the mean concentration of all Heavy metals was lower than the permissible limit.  

Although currently the mean concentrations of the evaluated Heavy metals in the carp edible tissue of Alborz province are not exceeded, but lack of proper management of the water supply resources of fish ponds can lead to the entry of pollutants, including heavy metals, into the fish farm.In resident aquaculture tissues, endangering the health of consumers.

The Zebrafish is a preeminent model organism that, with its most prominent features, has expanded the boundaries of science in many disciplines. Characteristics of this small freshwater fish, with the help of biologists, showed that it has a highly comparable genetic with mammals such as mice and rats. For example, the emergence of new and efficient methods for duplicating and editing the genome has helped to increase the growth of its use in various fields of science, including toxicology, drug discovery, transplant biology, disease modeling, and even aquaculture. Continued maturation and adoption of the Zebrafish model system require the improvement of methods and approaches for the cultivation and management of these fishes in controlled reservoirs, so that, ultimately, research on this fish is more reusable, cost-effective and in a framework for ethics in research. Knowledge and technology transfer from laboratory science, medicine, and aquaculture is a necessary part of this development, which should be in line with ethical standards in science. In this paper, we would consider the ethical and technical principles of working with Zebrafish as a species model in studies of medical sciences.

There are several reports regarding the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on inflammatory factors and lipid profile. However, different sources of this kind of fatty acids have not been much studied. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of consumption of walnut (plant source of omega-3 fatty acid) salmon fish (marine source of omega-3 fatty acid) and their combination on inflammatory factors and serum levels of lipids in overweight and obese women. In this clinical trial study, 99 overweight and obese women underwent three weight reducing interventions, including diets with fish (300g per week), walnut (18walnuts per week) or combination of fish and walnut (150g fish and 9walnuts per week) for 12weeks. Inflammatory factors and serum lipids were measured at baseline and the end of the study. ANCOVA test was used to analyze the data. The decrees in LDL (p=0.03), hs-CRP (p<0.01), TNF-α (p=0.01), and IL-6 (p<0.01) and increase in HDL (p<0.01) in the combination of fish and walnut group was significantly higher compared to fish group and walnut group. A decrease was also observed in triglyceride (TG) in the fish group compared to other groups (p=0.07), although this difference was not significant. Changes in weight and waist circumference in the combination of fish and walnut group was relatively significant compared to other groups. The results of this study showed that the effect of combined use of plant and marine sources of omega-3 fatty acids on the reduction of inflammatory factors and improvement of the lipid profile, is more beneficial than the separate consumption of fish or walnut.

Nowadays, diverse methods are used for protection and increasing the shelf life of aquatic products and thermal drying is one of them. In the present study chemical indices and fatty acid composition of Grass Carp is investigated as affected by thermal drying.
The samples were dried within 4-24 hrs in a laboratory dryer at 65°C and stored under Air-pack conditions at 4°C. Temperature and time were recorded until moisture reduced to 40%. Changes of Nutritional value and qualitative indices such as TVB-N, PV, TBA, FFA and Fatty acids profile were studied.
Due to moisture loss, amounts of protein (16.01 to 31.15 %), ash (1.60 to 6.41%) and lipid (4.30 to 13.62%) were increased in the dried product (P All of qualitative chemical indices were changed during storage in cold- storage but dried products had acceptable quality during 30 days storage at 4°C.

Benzo[a] pyrene (BaP) is a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that have high carcinogenic effects. So, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) on liver EROD enzyme activity induction and liver DNA breakage in Java Medaka.
twenty three Java Medaka were transferred to 10 L glass aquarium and exposed to benzo [a] pyrene concentrations of 0.5 µg/L (Low concentration), 1.5 µg/L (median concentration), 5 µg/L and 0 µg/L (DMSO solvent control), with semi-static renewal technique during 7 days. Fish liver biopsy was performed in seventh day and a part of the samples was immediately homogenized and were used to measure EROD enzyme activity. Another part of the liver samples were transferred to -20 °C to use for DNA integrity assay. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA and Duncan tests. The p value ≤ 0.05 was considered as a level of statistical significance.
A significant increase in EROD anzyme activity was observed between the experimental treatments compared to the control group. Although the fishes that exposed to the highest concentration (5 micrograms per liter) of Benzo[a] pyrene had higher DNA breakage. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between the treatment groups compared to the control group.
benzo[a]pyrene combination increased hepatic EROD activity, the enzyme in the initial phase of PAH detoxification, in Java Medaka. However, it seems that Java Medaka fish have a DNA repair and preventive mechanisms from liver DNA breakage.

Heavy metals are a group of environmental contaminants that through water and food might cause poisonings in humans. These metals include chromium, zinc and copper. This research was carried out to study the concentrations of chromium, zinc and copper in the edible tissues of carp fishin Anzali lagoon and compare the results with the international standards defined by FAO and FDA.
Samples consisted of carp fishcaught in the western, central and eastern parts of Anzali lagoon in autumn of 2012. The concentrations of the heavy elements in the edible tissues were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.
There were not significant differences in the concentrations of chromium and copper in the carp fish of eastern, western and central areas as well as zinc in western and central areas (P> 0.05). According to the FDA and FAO standards significant differences were observed in the amount of zinc in the carp fish of eastern, western and central areas as well as in the carp fish of eastern area respectively (P> 0.05). In the areas studied, the concentration of zinc had the highest and chromium had the least accumulations.
Regarding the food hygiene and according to the results obtained concerned with the zinc content the carp fish caught in the eastern, western and central areas are suitable for human consumption. Despite the FDA standards and based on the FAO standards, the amount of copper in the carp fish is acceptable and the fish might be consumed by man. The residual chromium of carp fish is also according to the defined FAO standard.

Background and Aquatic ecosystems are important sources of food for human which are sometimes highlycontaminated. It is important to determine their levels of contaminations, so, in this study, theconcentrations of lead, cadmium and nickel was investigated in the gills and musclesof Barbusxanthopterus captured from Dez River, Iran. Thirty samples of Barbusxanthopterus were captured from the central basin of Dez River using gillnet. The tissues were isolated, and the samples were digested. The concentrations of lead, cadmium and nickel were measured using a PE-4100 graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. The levels of lead, cadmium and nickel in gills were 0.322 ± 0.006, 0.182 ±0.006, and 0.004 ± 0.219, respectively. The concentration of these metals in muscle were 0.277 ± 0.014, 0.005 ± 0.0146, and 0.013 ± 0.165, respectively. Higher concentrations of heavy metals were found in gills. T-test revealed significant differences in the levels of nickel, lead, and cadmium between the gills and muscle. According to thisresearchthe concentrations of studied metals were lower than the WHO standards.