کیومرث مولادوست

The performance of military organizations depends on the amount of physical and mental strength of human capital. The current research aimed to identify the obstacles to the participation of military organization employees in sports activities. This research method was quantitative and exploratory, descriptive, analytical, and practical, and the statistical population consisted of employees of the organization. Three hundred eighty-seven individuals were selected by random and accessible sampling. The main tool of this research was a researcher-made questionnaire. The KMO index and Bartlett's test were used to check the validity of the questionnaire, and experts confirmed it. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.85. The results demonstrated that the management, infrastructure, human, and cultural components were ranked first to fourth level. The number of subjects who participated in sports and physical activity per week for less than 30 minutes (20.9%) was in first place, and about 180 minutes (4.9%) in last place. The amount of participation in sports programs to achieve the necessary physical resistance was far from the standard. Most employees exercise less than 90 minutes weekly, far from optimal conditions. According to the results, modifying the management approaches and processes in the sports field, strengthening the infrastructure training, and changing the attitude of employees can provide the basis for the maximum participation of employees in sports activities.

The satisfaction of duty employees with the service environment increases the general trust of Iranian families and society in military and defense organizations. The present research has identified and ranked the effective factors in the satisfaction of duty workers in a military unit. This research is practical in terms of descriptive-exploratory data collection and in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research is the duty staff in a military unit, 201 of whom have been selected as a statistical sample. The main tool used in this research was a questionnaire made by the researcher, whose items were compiled based on library studies, theoretical foundations and related studies. In order to check the validity of the questionnaire, the KMO index and Bartlett's test were used. The content validity of the questionnaire was also confirmed by a number of experts after making corrections and benefiting from the opinion of experts. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient using SPSS22 software, which was confirmed. Also, in order to analyze the data, the factor analysis test was used. The results of this research indicate that the satisfaction of duty employees is related to the "behavior of commanders", "behavior of their peers", "assigned organizational tasks", "health and safety system" and "suggestions system" in the organization. have given

Games, rituals and local organizations play an important role in the intangible cultural heritage of our land. The fusion of polo game with other cultural dimensions such as; Myths, history, literature, architecture, etc. have caused this game to be treated as an undeniable value, so Iranians are obliged to guard it. In this study, an attempt is made to reveal the cultural dimensions of polo. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cultural dimensions of the polo game. This research is based on the objective, applied, and from the point of view of data collection, it is documentary, and in terms of the data analysis method, it is a descriptive research. Mythological, historical, literary, architectural and... polo values are mixed. Therefore, addressing these values is very important. Mythology, history, literature, architecture, painting and miniature as one of the known forms of communication in Iran's cultural field can be considered as the main symbols of cultural values. Paying attention to the polo game in order to maintain and preserve its values, causes national solidarity and ultimately strengthens the national spirit and national identity. Therefore, all cultural activists are obliged to protect the cultural and communication heritage left by their ancestors.

Analyzing the performance and role of different ethnic groups in the defense of the country can be a positive and effective model for transferring the culture of defending the land and creating a spirit of valor among different classes and ethnic groups in Iran and strengthening the spirit of patriotism in Iranians. The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional role of ethnic groups in holy defense. The current research is qualitative and based on a systematic review and follows a developmental approach from the point of view of the goal. The statistical population in this research is the articles indexed in the years 1390 to 1401 in various citation databases and the database of holy defense publications, in the number of 67 studies, after applying the research criteria, 14 articles were selected for in-depth review. showed; Arab tribes, nomads, people of Sistan, clergy, Ahl al-Haq congregation and women were studied in the research. These ethnic groups have different roles, including; Maintaining territorial integrity, carrying out offensive operations, defense of the land and resistance, war technology and engineering, intelligence and security roles, therapy, support and supplies, support for the families of martyrs, escorting fighters, mourning and burial of martyrs, guardianship of families of martyrs and prisoners, preservation and have transferred the values of sacred defense in the eight-year war. Different ethnic groups have shown a very favorable performance for the preservation and territorial integrity of the country and defense against the enemy's invasion.

duty workers are part of the main body of the armed forces, who are assigned to military and law enforcement organizations for a period of time to create and maintain security in the country and social order. Therefore, the preservation of this huge human capital is considered vital. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effective factors in desertion of military service among active duty personnel. The current study is a qualitative research based on a systematic review and follows a developmental approach from the practical of the goal. The statistical population in this research is the articles indexed in the years 1390 to 1402 with the topic of "defection of soldiers" in various domestic citation databases, after applying the research criteria, 15 articles were selected for in-depth review. The research showed four main factors of command with sub-criteria (role of the commander and management style of commanders), environmental and organizational factor with sub-criteria (organizational structure, military rights, welfare facilities and environmental factors), individual factor with sub-criteria (psychological , personality, experience, education and skill and expertise) and external organizational factor with secondary criteria (economic, community and family) have an effective role in the phenomenon of desertion of duty employees. Since the phenomenon of desertion is not caused by one factor and various factors are influential, it seems logical that appropriate policies should be made in all areas and factors, and partialism cannot solve the problem of "desertion from military service" alone.

Human capital are the most important asset of an organization, and the development of organizations depends on their performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a meta-composite model of the realization of human capital development based on the statement of the second step of the revolution. The current study was developmental research and was conducted with a qualitative method of systematic review and meta-synthetic technique. The statistical community of the research includes the researches carried out with the keywords "human capital", "human resources" and "second step" in the titles of the articles from 1398 to 1402. Thirteen articles were finally approved. The results of the research, based on re-examination of researchers' researches in the Meta Synthesis model, reached 134 codes; 19 sub-categories and 5 main categories and the final suggested model resulted. The development of human capital requires components such as scientific management, paying attention to the correct concepts of development and developmentalism, specialization and science, meritocracy and organizational health, and finally a rational, development-oriented and team-building organizational culture. These components must be able to deal with the indicators of incompetence and inefficiency. Inefficiency indicators include: lack of planning, lack of appropriate and practical training, disorganization, favoritism, employee burnout, evaluation, growth orientation, scarcity, dependency orientation, inefficient human resources, unskilled human resources, traditionalism, incompetence, organizational corruption, underestimation of human value, atmosphere Poisoned organization, immorality, poisoned organizational culture, result-oriented and individualistic. Development is achieved in the shadow of attracting and retaining competent employees, and the goals of long-term and strategic plans are also realized in the shadow of developed people and organizations, which requires a lot of attention to the issue of service compensation, education and health and responsiveness of the human forces of organizations.

Young people are one of the most important assets of any country. awareness of the country's youth are important in determining the defense power as well as the future strategies of the country. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of awareness of duty staff about the concepts of sacred defense in a military unit.This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey research in terms of data collection. The statistical population includes the duty staff of a military unit in Tehran and 184 people were purposefully, accessibly and randomly selected as a sample and answered the questionnaire. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Delphi method was used to assess the validity and Cronbach's alpha (α: 0.849) was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire.The test population is moderate and above in terms of familiarity with the concepts and values of sacred defense with an average of 3.2. Respondents' awareness of 'the role of the army and the people' in the first place and 'the level of ethnic participation' in the second place and 'the Supreme Leader's view on the sacred defense', 'the level of participation in the province', 'the number of martyrs in the province', The date of the beginning and the end of the holy defense 'are in the third place.The findings of the second part of this study also showed; Broadcasting, school, and family have had the greatest impact, respectively, in conveying the concepts of sacred defense.

Succession is a strategy for forward-looking organizations in facing events such as retirement, resignation, and relocation to prevent incompetent people from entering key positions when former managers leave the organization. Therefore, the current research has been conducted with the aim of providing a model of the surrogacy system in Ajah with the foundation data approach. Statistical and sample population In this research, commanders, professors, and experts of the scientific and academic community of Aja were selected in the qualitative section and in the quantitative section, 385 people were randomly selected based on the unlimited population. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, unstructured interviews were used and qualitative interviews were used in the quantitative part of the resulting questionnaire. The findings of the qualitative research data were obtained by inductive content analysis using MAXQDA software, and in the quantitative part, according to the characteristics of the data, the confirmatory factor analysis of structural equations was obtained with the help of SmartPLS software. The results of the presented qualitative model consisting of causal conditions, contextual conditions, central category, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences were presented.

Literature has the ability to reflect political, social and cultural thoughts and events of any society (Moosaabadi & colleagues, 2017: 88). One of the characteristics of literature is its activism against various events of human societies (Hasani bagheri & colleagues, 2022: 88). Iranian culture, especially Iranian poetry, has long been a means of expressing love for the homeland and a song for liberation from the yoke of foreigners and aggressors. The glory and greatness of Iran's history and the knowledge of epic and heroic legends among people have played a big role in the patriotism of Iranians. Patriotic poems not only reflect their time, but also excite people and awaken them to defend their motherland and its main elements since language, history, nature, and culture have played a major role (Zabihniya & Najafi: 2019). The word "homeland" has been used in Persian literature in various meanings, and from the 3rd century of the Hijri until today, it is seen in the poems of most Persian-language poets. In the Khorasani style, homeland has more of an ethnic and racial meaning, and Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is a proof of this claim. In the Iraqi style, homeland has a mystical meaning; it is used in the meaning of the world above and the world of the kingdom, and in the Indian style, this word, in addition to meanings such as birthplace, city, higher world, etc. has also been used in the meaning of beloved or the place where beloved lives (Nadalizade & Rahimi, 2020: 54). Patriotism is one of the key concepts that was considered by poets in different periods of Persian poetry. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sense of patriotism in Persian poetry and literature using meta-composite technique.

Organizational culture is always a concern of the senior commanders of military and law enforcement organizations due to its importance and influence on the success of the organization, obtaining competitive advantages, the shaping factor of individual and organizational performance and as one of the most important factors of achieving organizational goals. But the components counted in the researches conducted in this field are different and each of the researchers have mentioned a number of organizational culture components. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to review the existing researches and develop a comprehensive model of organizational culture in military-police organizations. In terms of the purpose of this research, it is a fundamental research type, qualitative type, and in terms of method, a systematic literature review. The statistical population includes the research conducted in the armed forces organizations during the years 1390 to 1401 in the reliable scientific bases of the country, in the number of 56 researches, after applying the exclusion criteria, 37 researches were selected for in-depth review. In order to analyze the data, we used the open, central and selective coding method. The findings indicate the identification of 14 components of organizational culture, 31 components that have a positive and meaningful relationship with organizational culture, 12 components that organizational culture has the power to predict, and finally 7 challenges that the organization faces in relation to organizational culture. The results show the model extracted under the title of the model of the general situation of organizational culture in military-administrative organizations, which can be a comprehensive guide for planning organizational culture in the armed forces and a guide for future research in this field.

For a long time, rituals, customs and traditions have been very important and valuable for different nations; Iranians rituals have also been universally acknowledged and respected and preserved by Iranians. Adopting an interpretive approach, the present study tries to narrate the role and sociological functions of Iranian rituals in terms of regional peace and security. The theoretical framework of the research is based on a rationalistic approach and is consistent with previous research, observations and experience. The research method is conceptual and descriptive. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Some of the Iranian rituals are deeply rooted in Iran’s culture and are of great value in other countries. Their functions have changed to peace and friendship over time. This study tries to show that Iranian rituals and traditions, in addition to strengthening solidarity, creating cohesion within the country and deepening Iranian identity, have the capacity to create unity with many countries in the world. Paying attention to universal Iranian rituals results in the development of the authority and legitimacy of Iran’s global image. Cultural commonalities rituals can bring security, peace and friendship.

The cultural heritage of polo is one of the cultural values of Iran. Analyzing the potential of polo, showing its cultural value in the form of tourism, and representing its cultural identity and cultural elements in the tourism industry, will be useful for economic benefits and cultural and sports diplomacy. This study aims to explain the concept of polo tourism based on the values of cultural tourism.This research is applied research that has been conducted using the review method. Also, the researcher’s lived experience has been used in the content expression. Secondary data collected from research articles, publications, websites, surveys, reports, etc., were used in the other part of the research. Thereby, procedures like reviewing previous research, independent and methodical exploratory reasoning, description, integration, relationship explanation, and trends in the body of tourism knowledge were used to achieve new and applied ideas for developing a new tourism model. The result of this research indicated that customs, traditions, culture, and cultural elements, especially polo, along with its various manifestations and elements of identity which show Iranian civilization, have the necessary prerequisites for the creation and development of a distinct part in tourism called “polo tourism”.

The purpose of study was design a business development model for the sport horse breeding industry. This research was mixed exploratory, which operationalized based on ground theory strategy. The research community included expert people in the field of horse riding and the country's horse industry, who identified challenges in this field through semi-structured interviews. The statistical sample in qualitative part was  22 experts with snowball sampling and in quantitative stage, there were 384 people from owners, trainers, horse breeders and agricultural Jihad experts. The questionnaire was taken from the qualitative part. To extract the codes in the qualitative section, MaxQda software used. SPSS-23 software used to analyze quantitative information. The results of the research indicated that the lack of creation of new advantages for horse owners, the lack of appropriate protective laws for horse breeders, the absence of mandatory laws for the use of Iranian horses, the legal problems of quarantine in the export and import of horses. Failure to complete the full pedigree of horses, failure to use domestic horses in order to preserve and improve their genetic resources were among the most important challenges of this research. Therefore, it is suggested to policy makers of the horse industry to address the challenges of this sector by supporting the breeders of Turkmen horses. Also, by revising the existing laws and policies regarding import and export licenses and the need to pay attention to medical issues, provide a platform for the development of jobs related to the horse industry.

Culture as one of the main elements of development has an important role in thecomprehensive development of a country, so to achieve an ideal and developedsociety, the prevailing culture in any society needs attention and care. The purposeof this study is to identify cultural harms in Iran and classify them. For this purpose,the meta-synthesis method, which is one of the types of meta-study methods, wasused. In this study, a small combination of the results of research conducted in thefield of 'cultural pathology' has been reviewed. In order to do the right thing, in thefirst step, following the answer to this research question, the component of culturalharms was identified, and in the next steps, the articles related to the classificationand identification of the component were searched and received. Findings showedthat qualitative articles in the field of cultural pathology were reviewed andanalyzed and indicators in components in the field of cultural pathology wereidentified. The component of 'cultural ambiguity' with had the highestfrequency in the field of 'cultural pathology'. The components of 'culturalaggression' are , 'change of individual beliefs' is , 'cyberspace' and'poverty' are each, Also, 'weakness of family marriage' and 'ignorance ofIranian culture' each accounted for percent. By explaining the existence ofIranian culture, the cultural authorities of the country provide the cultural growthand development of the country Cultural institutions must provide conditions in asuitable context where all the cultural and artistic abilities of Iran are revealed.

 

The human dignity of employees is the center of development and progress of the society and it requires serious attention and respect. Duty staff As an important part of human resources, military organizations have a special place. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effective factors andThere are appropriate ways to improve the dignity of duty workers at three levels: the unit, the army, and outside the organization (government, society, and family).

The present research is a descriptive survey type, in terms of - the type of dealing with the investigated problem and entering into it, it is a field study, and it is of a developmental and applied type. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Amtari University research includes the employees of a military unit, based on this, 56 employees and 134 employees and a total of 190 statistical samples responded to the questionnaire.According to the frequency of "employment based on expertise" and "improvement of welfare facilities", "respectful treatment"

at the unit level, 88, 71 and62 respectively with the frequency of "targeted service" and "localization of military service", "improving service conditions"; At the army level in 98, 79 and 40 andrespectively, with the frequency of "increasing the satisfaction of soldiers" and "improving the status of military service"; Outside the organization, 30 and 26 are effective.

Smart management improves the productivity of the organization and optimal use of the capabilities of the employees and increases job satisfaction Therefore, in the process of receiving, distributing and assigning them to organizations and units, intelligent management based on job, expertise and Degree to be done. Creating social dignity for duty workers and improving their social status in the society with hard work All members of society depend.

Lifestyle is one of the most important concepts in the social sciences, which has recently been the focus of many sociologists. This research aims to study the lifestyle of soldiers in a military organization. The method of this analytical-descriptive research is survey and 410 people as a statistical sample were selected from among duty employees of a military organization (in three strata: privates, non-commissioned officers and officers) based on purposeful, accessible and random sampling then a researcher-made questionnaire were conducted among them. In this research, the effect of military service on 5 aspects of soldiers' quality of life was investigated. The results showed that military service has improved the soldiers' lifestyle in terms of social relations with an average of 3.4, awareness with an average of 3.3, attitude with an average of 3.27, appropriate habits with an average of 3.24, and mental health with an average of 3.17. Although the effect of this era on the quality of life of soldiers were different based on strata, level of education, service history and age, but generally, it has a significant effect on the future lifestyle of young people; so serious attention should be paid to this field.

Subcultures cause the recognition of social and cultural phenomena. The front and the eight-year period of the war had their own culture and subcultures, and the study of this area is very important in remembering the young generation. The present study is qualitative in terms of purpose, application and nature of the data that has been collected by descriptive method. The purpose of this study is to investigate the subculture of the fighters of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Eight-Year War. This study addresses issues such as; language (irony, common terms, and local languages ​​that encode information), humor, epic music, and sacred defense, and the culture of abnegation. The subculture of warriors on the battlefields had the theme of Islamic and Iranian culture, it has created a special culture in a part of Iranian history. Identifying subcultures on the battlefield is vital and valuable to examin the culture that dominant sacred defense as well as a moment in the history of the armed forces. Sacrifice and self-sacrifice of warriors in the Eight-Year War is very important as one of the subcultures in the behavior of warriors, and explaining these characteristics is important for modeling and creating cultural symbols for the non-war generation against cultural invasion.

Numerous studies have been conducted in the field of sports science and physical education in Iran. Organizations, especially the military ones, also need researches in this field to improve their physical readiness and combat capability .The purpose of this study was to investigate sports management researches published in Iranian army scientific journals with a content analysis approach.

. Regarding the purpose and use, this study is descriptive and applicable. In this study, the meta-analysis approach was used. The statistical population of this research was all published articles in five scientific journals of Islamic republic of Iranian army.

Findings show that 75 articles related to sports and physical education was found in five military-affiliated journals.  Out Of these, 48, 15, 6, 5 and 1 articles are related to sports physiology, sports management, sports psychology, sports pathology and sports motor behavior, respectively. The highest frequency of published articles was in 2017 and 2018 with the frequency of 20 articles and 5 articles respectively.

The subjects dealt with sport management were the various ones, hence conducting research in military organization is a necessity, so a comprehensive perspective and a multi- aspect need analysis in all sport management fields could improve and develop the organization.

This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the institutionalization of environmental culture in sports in a combined (sequential-exploratory) method, in two qualitative and quantitative steps. In the first step, to identify the factors affecting the institutionalization of environmental culture in sports, a qualitative method was used. The study population in the qualitative section consisted of experts in the field of sports and the environment (experts of specialized committees on sports and the environment in sports federations, the National Olympic Committee, and the Environmental Protection Organization) who used purposive sampling method of 25 Samples were studied. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews until data saturation was reached. Analysis of field interviews was performed using the content analysis method with an inductive approach. In the second step (quantitative approach), the effect of various factors on the institutionalization of environmental culture in sport was evaluated. The statistical population consisted of a small number of government employees, university professors, students, and other professions related to sports and the environment. Using simple random sampling, 412 of them were selected as the statistical sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the results of the qualitative section. The content validity of the questionnaire was performed by expert assessors in the current field of study and also, its stability was confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha (0.7≤α). Four factors, motivational-supportive, government-managerial, cultural-social, and policy-supportive, were extracted from analyzing the database on the Exploratory Factor Analysis method which supports 65.66% of the variance in the institutionalization of environmental culture in Sports in Iran. The media’s impact on public opinion about environmental culture especially in Sports due to its power of informing and building discourse in society cannot be neglected.

There is a crucial need for a scientific view of the field of management and the problems in the medicinal plants’ sector and also a comprehensive study to explore challenges facing the development of this sector. The present study, with a quantitative orientation and using a descriptive–survey method, aimed at identifying challenges facing the development of the medicinal plants’ sector in Iran. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts in the field of medicinal plants and people working in its different parts, 151 of which participated in the study through a purposive sampling method. A researcher -made questionnaire was used as the main research tool to evaluate the two levels of the current situation and the desired situation. The KMO index and Bartlett’s test were used to examine the validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was approved by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The results showed that social, economic, human resources and technological, managerial, market and marketing, and environmental factors had the greatest impact on the lack of desirable development of the medicinal plants' sector in Iran, respectively. From the point of view of the respondents, inefficiency and inadequate insurance coverage is the most important challenge for the development of this sector, and the main gap with the desirable situation is arising from limited, inefficiency, and non-targeted subsidies to support production. So, it is recommended to adopt supportive policies such as granting targeted subsidies, tax exemptions for processing and science-based units, various policies to reduce the cost of products with the active participation of producers, and those involved in the planning process for medicinal plants.

Polo tourism is of particular importance in many countries. In this respect, many successful attempts have been made by providing various exciting programs and rituals and presenting tourism packages to attract tourists interested in this sport. This study aimed to explain the strategic planning of polotourism development in Iran. This was an applied study conducted using the quantitative-descriptive design. The target population was a panel of polo, tourism, culture and physical educationexperts. A sample of 256 experts was selected using the purposive sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, the face and content validity of which was evaluated by a number of sports and tourism management professors, and for the overall reliability, the Cronbach's alpha value was0.86. This study showed that the managerial factor regarding the polo tourismpolicy-making and planning, the Polo Federation and its boards' level of awareness and attention to polo tourism were ranked third.The "Federation's emphasis on polo tourism development" ranked first among the managerial factors with value 6.13, while the "provincial boards' awareness of polotourism" ranked last with value 3.21. Policy making, planning, and especially provincial boards' awareness of polo tourism ranked last in terms of average value. Therefore, in order to achieve tourism objectives, we should prioritize policy-making, planning, and raising the executive agents' level of awareness.

This research aims to clarify the challenges of investment in Polo in Iran. Polo needs financial resources and sponsor for improvement and promotion.

The Nature of the present study is descriptive correlational and as far as its aim is concerned, this study is applied. The instrument is a questionnaire prepared by the researcher. For the establishment of validating of the instrument in both form and content, 10 experts of Polo, marketing and university were provided with the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha(α = 0.81). The descriptive and inferential statistics by the SPSS version23 software were used for data analysis and AMOS 24 software was used for establishment of the validity of the structure and presenting measurement models for variables. Regarding the unique features of polo in Iran and unfamiliarity of the sport elite with the present state of this sport, two groups of polo field and Physical Education numbering 190 persons were selected purposefully.

The Friedman test results for ranking the factors demonstrate that the first to fifth priorities include the roles of media and audience, economy, governmental-state, management-organizational, social-cultural roles respectively with mean ranks of 3.75, 3.13, 2.79, 2.78, 2.55 and freedom degree of 4 and meaningful level of 0.001.

Due to the complexity and interrelativity of economical, managemental, social, media, and governmental causes, all the factors are of great importance and must be put in mind when formulating the polo sport plan for prosperity. Paying attention to the above-mentioned factors guarantees large audiences.

The present study aimed to examine the factors affecting the demands for horse import in Iran. Horse Industry, also known as Equestrian Industry, is a booming industry in the world. Equestrianism (horse/horseback riding) and horse breeding play a key role in the economy and social conditions of the developed world. Iran in the four decades studied in this paper, allowing for certain intervals in between, imported sport, decorative, and other types of horses in order to strengthen equestrianism and satisfy recreational needs. This was an applied, correlational, econometric research, scrutinizingthe influential factors such as tariffs, relative horse prices, and some rare variables such as wars. The results showed that the factors had effects as expected, and the political-social conditions have halted the imports. Tariffs had a negative impact on the imports, in a manner that increase in the tariffs reduced the imports. In addition, there was a direct relationship between the local-global rates and Iran’s import standard value

According to the history of Bishabur and tangible evidence, polo was, in all probability, commonly played in the ancient city of Bishabur in the Sassanid Era, and in Tang Chogan in different eras. The present study was conducted to examine the feasibility of holding polo competitions in Tang Chogan, Kazerun, and evaluate its probable impacts on the host communities. This was an applied, analytical, descriptive survey. The data were collected through documentary research, interviews, and questionnaires. The validity was determined based on professors‘ and experts‘ opinions. In order to determine the reliability, the questionnaires were distributed among 37 subjects, and running Cronbach‘s alpha test, a value of 0.81 was yielded. Two hundred and two members of the sample were selected purposively, and the data were analyzed via SPSS24, Amos24, one-sample t-test, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Friedman test. The examinations of the indicators proved the following as the most important items from the perspective of the respondents: the item of upselling in the economic component, the item of interaction and tolerance, and as a result, respecting the citizen rights in the social component, the item of enriching symbols and myths in the cultural component, and the item of developing sport infrastructures in the sports component. Friedman test results indicated that the cultural component is the most effective one with an average of 2.83. The findings of the present paper proved that Kazerun met the requirements for holding polo competitions. Holding polo competitions showed significant positive impacts in terms of all the examined areas.

Holding chovgan (polo) events can help increase polo tourism. This kind of tourism awakens reminiscence of historical memories in the people of Iran in terms of tourism, resulting in dynamism and development of polo. The purpose of this study was to explore the creation and development of polo tourism based on event tourism in Tang Chogan, Kazerun, Iran. This was an applied developmental study, conducted through fieldwork. The present study used a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) research method. The study population included subjects who were active and working in the area of polo, tourism, urban management, culture, sports, business, and local business. The study sample included 202 subjects. The questionnaire reliability was α: 81 according to Cronbach's alpha, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to confirm the results. The largest weights for each factor related to increase in sales of goods (0.84) in the economic factor, increase in the spirit of interaction and tolerance and consequently respect for citizenship rights (0.81) in the social factor, and strengthening of symbols and myths (0.82) in the cultural factor. The tourism approach to cultural and historical effects of polo in different periods in Iran can lead to the dynamism and development of this sport. Holding chovgan events can help increase polo tourism.