arkan sharifi

The topic of citizen’s rights is one of the most pressing issues of contemporary law and is an emerging concept that focuses mainly on prioritizing justice. It, therefore, has a distinct  place in social and political theories. Citizen’s rights consist of the duties and responsibilities of individuals towards each other and the government. It also covers political, civil, social and cultural rights. An individual who is part of a city, district, or state is considered a citizen. Citizens can act legally and according to the law and have the right to demand the protection of the law. Citizen rights are realized against the backdrop of good governance. Good governance is a new concept in today's governance practices. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method, the challenges faced by citizen’s rights in Iran's administrative system are studied and solutions to remove them are recommended. Moreover, challenges related to the rule of law, transparency, responsibility, accountability, access to information, and citizen participation (all good-governance factors) in administrative decisions have been examined and analyzed.

This research aims to answer the central question: What capacities exist in the thought of the governance system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, based on the foundational principles of Imam Khomeini, for moving towards the indicators of desirable governance? Elements of ijtihad, general policies, and governmental decrees are among the capacities of the Islamic Republic system, and research and examination of them can effectively promote the legislative system towards adapting to the requirements of the time and the complexities of governance in today's world. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical, and the results indicate that ignoring good governance in the individual and collective life system seems impractical in today's world. This process can facilitate personal exploitation of rents and corruption, eroding public confidence in the government. This can lead citizens to be deceived by violent groups and foreign enemies, and in such a situation, terrorism and violence can occur in society. General policies, ijtihad, and governmental decrees all contribute to completing a roadmap that can be used to pursue the path of implementing desirable governance and better managing the country. The dynamism of Shia jurisprudence enables these three capacities to solve society's problems according to the requirements of the time. This makes it possible to guide the Islamic Republic system towards the indicators of desirable governance, achieve a more favorable situation, and increase social capital through public support for the country's policies.

As a fundamental human right, the right to peaceful protest has always been the focus of governments. Therefore, after studying the concept and the legal framework concerning the exercise of this right according to the international documents, the constitution, important international principles, and standards, and also after examining theories of welfare and social contract, this essay has considered the theory of relative deprivation (the most complete theory proposed so far) as the basis of general dissatisfaction and then, by stating the importance and application of the right to peaceful protest and examining this right at the domestic level (according to Article 27 of the Constitution), it has tried to reach new findings that have not been accepted so far. In the following, by discussing and examining the standards for the implementation of the said right has been regarded and through referring to international documents, books, articles, theories, and especially the universality of human rights, the importance and enforceability of the rights contained in international documents, especially the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights has been emphasized so that the governments be adherent to their international obligations. The right to peaceful protest, which has been recognized in Article 20 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 21 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and other international and regional documents, is a compound right that includes rights such as the freedom of opinion and expression, right of Self-determination, freedom of organization and association, etc. Therefore, the right to peaceful protest is specific to societies that follow a system of democracy, and accordingly, governments are required to provide the necessary preparations, platform, and space for its implementation given their responsibility to facilitate the implementation of human rights. These governments work to the benefit of the nation and should not put restrictions on this right in ways such as requiring permission or strictly monitoring peaceful protest gatherings by violating the privacy of the protesters, which effectively brings the implementation of the right of peaceful protest to a dead-end.

Literature Review:

2.1. GharibNawaz in his book entitled Civil Liability of Persons in Public Protests (2015), examined the issue from the perspective of private rights and determined the situation where damages are caused by public protests and the loss is not compensable in the usual ways.
2.2. Eslami and KamalVand in their article titled "Challenges of freedom of assembly in Iran's legal system in the light of the international human rights system"(2013), criticized and examined the freedom of assembly according to international legal documents, and examined the characteristics of gatherings (according to Article 27 of the Constitution), and also the restrictions limiting this right. They have reached the conclusion that the said right should be guaranteed and supported because it is a natural right and belongs to all people.

The current research was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way, by describing various international and domestic laws and documents, as well as analyzing the various forms and criteria in governance aims to achieve a conclusive result in the pursuit of the right to peaceful protest.

In the domestic legal field, considering the constitution and regarding the theory of relative deprivation as the main basis and criteria, it should be stated that failure to observe principles such as Article 59 of the constitution has been an important factor in dissatisfaction and the feeling of relative deprivation. Thus, by attracting the attention of the authorities to the need fot making important and decisive decisions in line with the implementation of this right, it would be possible to manage and minimize any dissatisfaction and feeling of relative deprivation in society. Another solution is to pay attention to \ Article 27 of the Constitution, which is in accordance with Article 20 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 21 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and international standards, and if it was necessary to include other conditions, the honorable legislator would have predicted so. According to the international standards and the practice of certain countries (including Germany) which have recognized the mere notification of a peaceful protest rally to be sufficient, and considering the mandate of the constitution, if there is a protest rally without a permit, but notification has already been made, we should consider such a gathering as legal and provide the legal support of the government. Concerning the matter of the foundations of Islam which is a precondition for the legality of gatherings in Article 27, one should try to have an interoperation in line with the benefit of the nation to do public good, and instead of expanding the scope of the mentioned clause, try to limit its examples so that citizens can protest peacefully while maintaining observing a specific legal framework. Regarding the actions taken by the officials and officers’ executive actions, it must be mentioned that they should try to manage the peaceful protest gatherings as best as possible by exercising discretion and balancing between the interests and the results of their actions so that there is no room to violate the rights of the protesters as well as third parties. Now, according to the above-mentioned, the absence of a Constitutional Court is sensed even more than before, and with which many problems would be solved, including determining the matters that disturb the foundations of Islam and the need to take permission. Finally, in the international arena, the lack of an Asian human rights institution or a court to manage and exert pressure on the governments of the region to meet their human rights obligations is felt more than ever. Considering the fact that most of the governments in the region are Islamic, it is a good idea to look for  theinherent dignity of people and human rights in international documents instead of referring to the religion of Islam and especially the Holy Quran. On the other hand, with the expansion of the interactions and relations between countries, the existence of such an institution can solve many problems and fill many legal gaps.

One of the important competences of the General Board of the Administrative Court of Justice, based on Article 12, Clause 1 of the Law on Organizations and Procedures of the Administrative Court of Justice, is to deal with complaints, grievances and objections of natural or legal persons from regulations and other government systems and regulations due to contradictions with Sharia, but based on the note 2 Article 84 and Article 87 of the Law on Organizations and Procedures of the Court of Administrative Justice and also based on the application and generality of Article 4 of the Constitution of the Republic of Iran, if the complaint is against the Shariah standards, the matter will be sent to the Guardian Council for comment. and the opinion of the jurists of the Guardian Council is mandatory for the general board. It seems that the mechanism and mechanism of such supervision has always been a subject of discussion and questioning, and therefore, in examining Sharia supervision of bylaws and other government systems and regulations, we are faced with two different domains and territories, the institution of the General Board of the Court of Administrative Justice and the Guardian Council. The current research seeks to answer this important question, what is the decision-making authority regarding Sharia supervision of regulations and other government systems and regulations? It seems that the decision-making and determining body regarding Shari'a supervision of by-laws and other government systems

One of the most important areas of government policy-making is the field of health, which will enable the realization of the right to health by governments by establishing economic stability in the shadow of peace and democracy. Laying the groundwork for achieving the desired health of all citizens is one of the main goals of governments, which is reflected in the increase in per capita income. The purpose of this study is to identify the barriers, constraints and economic challenges to the right to health in Iran and the international system.In this research, descriptive-analytical method and using library resources to explain the economic barriers and limitations of the right to health in Iran and the international system.The results indicate that the lack of economic justice due to unfair distribution of wealth, poor identification of the masses with different economic status, undesirable share of people in health expenditures, limited access to low-income and poor Iranian society to health services, limited facilities The custodian of supportive affairs regarding health services is one of the most important obstacles and economic challenges facing the country's health system.The position of the society on the path of growth and development is due to public order, and this cohesion and order is manifested by providing the necessary and sufficient grounds and infrastructure through fundamental changes and transformations in various fields. Due to the shortcomings in the health service system. The country, the reform of macro policies and correct policies in the field of health, is necessary to improve the health of all citizens.

Women's employment rights and elimination of discrimination against them are among the issues that have been considered in international human rights documents and in the domestic laws of countries. Article 6 (Chapter II) of the Iraqi Constitution deals with the equality of women with men in employment matters and obligates the government to work towards guaranteeing women's right to work. Although the Iraqi legal system has entered into the discussion of women's employment rights at two levels (constitutional law and ordinary law), in practice it has not been very successful in guaranteeing women's employment rights. Therefore, the main question of this research is what are the special employment rights of women in the subject law of the Republic of Iraq? The results of the research show that the laws of Iraq (Constitution and Labor Law of Iraq) have given special importance to the work of women and their rights in front of employers. These rights include legal guarantees, judicial guarantees and positive discrimination, but they are not in line with international standards, and despite the ratification of several international treaties that demand gender equality from Iraq, such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), women still They face various forms of discrimination in the workforce and show significant contradictions between Iraq's legal framework and international human rights standards that exacerbate gender inequalities in employment.

The right to have the highest attainable standards of health is one of the most important human rights, which is recognized as one of the fundamental rights in the international human rights system. However, in Iranian law, the implementation of this right, like some other rights, is faced with obstacles and legal challenges, and obviously, achieving an optimal health system will require identifying and removing these obstacles in the first place. Based on this, in the following article, the main question has been answered by a descriptive-analytical method and citing library sources, what are the main obstacles and legal challenges of the right to health in Iranian law? The purpose of the current research is to identify the obstacles facing the discussed field in order to remove the aforementioned obstacles and achieve a more favorable legal system in this field. The findings of the research show the fact that not paying attention to the precise and standard meaning and concept of the right to health as well as various factors affecting it in the relevant laws of the country, not solving the problem of conflict of interests, weakness in the legal supervision system and weakness in guaranteeing the implementation of existing laws. In addition, some other legal loopholes are among the most important legal obstacles and challenges facing the right to health, as a result of removing these obstacles, amending existing laws and policies in this field is one of the main requirements of the country's legislative system.

The principle of subsidiarity or necessity of making the decision at the closest point to the principal is a doctrine that has been evaluated and implemented in some political and legal systems in recent decades. The German constitutional system, and most importantly the EU system have enabled the practical implementation of this principle. The application of this principle, however, is not without challenges. In the EU legal system, a quarter-century of experience in implementing this principle implies a number of difficulties that challenge one of the most successful regional political and judicial systems. By critically evaluating the background and implemention of this principle of EU law in terms of local democracy, this paper seeks to examine the reasons and the implications of its successes and failures from a legal point of view.

The Federal Supreme Court is a fledgling institution of the Iraqi legal system following the recent developments in Iraq and the drafting of its new constitution in 2005, with a wide range of functions and powers that reflect the structures, trends, policies and values of a society. It has been established. This article aims to examine the adherence to multicultural citizenship in the rulings of the Iraqi Federal Supreme Court and seeks to answer the question that Iraq as a multicultural country and society has been able to be equal among all religions, languages, nationalities and Ethnicities behave in Iraq? This descriptive and analytical study followed the hypothesis that in general, the 2005 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Iraq, 10 articles of which, including items 3, 4, 9, 12, 13, 20, 49, 125, 126 and 142 are multicultural Iraq acknowledges. In this regard, it can be divided into national, religious and linguistic identities and minorities according to different identities. The findings of the study indicate that throughout history, minorities in Iraq have always been marginalized, marginalized, attacked, and forcibly displaced and annihilated. This trend has continued both religiously and linguistically and nationally, and these behaviors are due to the system of governance in Iraq, where corruption and widespread human rights violations have increased, and in the meantime, the status of civil rights has been further weakened.

The role and responsibility of the government have changed comparing to the past, and the role of citizens within a favorable administrative system has formed the key components of modern governance. It is necessary to establish the desired governance system and a competent government according to new norms, such as the general principles of administrative law and guaranteeing and protecting citizens' rights through supervisory mechanisms, as well as creating a platform for citizens to play an active role in governing the country. Various challenges such as lack of transparency, lack of accountability, lack of rule of law, lack of access to information, politicization, mismanagement, etc., can be considered the most prominent challenges of the Iranian administrative system that must get identified and addressed in the light of good governance indicators. The most prominent issue in this study is the answer to this question: from the perspective of good governance, what challenges does the Iranian administrative law system face in the field of civil rights? For this purpose, in the first stage, to extract the concepts and components of civil rights and good governance, the method of content analysis and grounded theory have been used. In the next step, the Delphi method has been used and the designed model has been evaluated and reviewed by experts. Finally, the expert survey method has been applied. The statistical population of this study is 40 people. The results indicate that absconding the law, lack of familiarity or low level of awareness of citizens with their rights within the framework of the Charter of Citizenship Rights, ineffective guarantee of implementation of laws in the field of civil rights, distrusting the administrative system on the part of citizens, and government irresponsibility are the most prominent challenges in the Iranian administrative system in light of good governance.

The current research aims to investigate the role of political parties in providing national interests c. A. Iran will pay. The question is, in what ways can political parties secure national interests? The answer that can be given is that based on the approaches proposed about the role and special work of parties, including the normative theory, political parties in c. A. Iran can be a factor for promoting spirituality and dignity, trying to gain power, sensitizing supervisory institutions to carry out assigned tasks such as parliamentary supervision of international agreements with other countries, defending pluralism in society and supporting it. To put the basis of the principles of the constitution as well as the creation of unity and solidarity among members of the society in their agenda. Political parties in Iranian society can be active when the dictating role of the government in the field of direct supervision of parties is reduced, and Article 10 of the Party Supervision Commission also abandons the interventionist approach for greater freedom of action for political parties and leaves the ground for the role of ‌ To provide creation based on the acceptance of the constitution. National interests include both material interests and efforts to gain power, as well as considering the value and cultural criteria of the society, which is a road map for the role of political parties in the direction of securing national interests. The present research method is descriptive and analytical.

Civil partnership is a contract through which natural or legal persons calendar their capital in order to increase profits by investing in economic, productive and commercial activities, etc., in the form of cash and non-cash shares of the company. However, in the social system of society, which is based on cultural, legal and political relations, sometimes for reasons of nature or form, there is no solution other than dissolving the contract. As we know in civil law, the effect of a company contract is possession, and in order for the company to be realized, the property of the partners must be mixed or spread for another reason. Therefore, in order to investigate the factors of dissolution of the partnership agreement, in addition to examining the causes that lead to the dissolution of permissible contracts, it is necessary to study the causes that also cause the dissemination to disappear. For this reason, in this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, we examine the factors that cause the dissolution of the company and its dissemination.

The realization of the principles governing and overseeing free and fair elections has always been a serious concern of human rights documents and treaties in such a way that the absence of these principles will seriously damage the holding of elections in any country. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, after dozens of elections were held and numerous weaknesses and deficiencies emerged, including the scattering of electoral laws and regulations, efforts to formulate a comprehensive law in the field of elections attracted the attention of the executive agents of the country, and in this regard, in the year 2017 and after many struggles, the comprehensive election bill was finally submitted to the Islamic Council for approval by the then government. The important and fundamental question of the current research is what are the most important challenges and obstacles to the comprehensive election bill? The present research aims to examine the most important challenges and obstacles to the comprehensive election bill in the light of some principles of free and fair elections within the framework of the descriptive-analytical method. . The findings and results of the current research show that the current comprehensive election bill is far from the full realization of the principles and foundations of free and fair elections.

During these recent years, the population of the Kurdistan region has increased every year and the national and ethnic structure in the Kurdistan region has diversified and multiplied, including a) Kurds as the majority, b) Turkmen, c) Syrian, d) Armenians and e) Other groups. After the establishment of the Kurdistan Regional Government in 1992 as a structure and later recognized by the 2005 Iraqi Constitution as a region and state, the rights of minorities were considered as a political and legal issue. This article aims to examine the protection of the rights of minorities in the Iraqi Kurdistan region and seeks to answer the question: What is the legal status of the protection of the rights of minorities in the Iraqi Kurdistan region? This study follows the descriptive and analytical method of the hypothesis that the Kurdistan Parliament in order to protect and guarantee the political, civil, social, cultural and economic rights of minorities and to ensure the spirit of peaceful coexistence and respect and peace among the citizens of Kurdistan Region No. 5 of 2015 relates to the Law on the Protection of the Rights of Minorities in Iraqi Kurdistan, which consists of three sections and nine articles. The findings of the study indicate that it has been recognized in terms of multiculturalism in the Kurdistan region and the laws of Iraq, and this issue has been considered in the religious, national and linguistic fields.

always about whether human rights are absolute or relative rights? There was disagreement. The dominant view emphasizes the absolutism of human rights. But those who believe in the relativism of human rights have their reasons for defending the relative human rights. The purpose of this article is to answer this question; are human rights really absolute? This research assumes that even those who believe in human rights absoluteness, they believe in absolute human rights only in the theoretical realm, And when they enter the realm of action , their actions reflect the relativity of human rights. therefore , the answer to the question of what can be said about the relativism of human rights in the practical realm? It seems necessary. In this article, with the descriptive – analytical method and collecting information through the library method, we try to reach the conclusion that in relation to human rights, even absoluteists in practice seek the realization of human rights with a relativistic policy.

Today, increasing public awareness of fraudulent rights has led to a kind of government structure called good governance in the world community, what can be deduced from good governance, focusing efforts and efforts on methods to increase welfare and compliance. The public rights of the people are outside the body of government. Thus, one of the examples that from the point of view of legal scholars can provide public resources in the shadow of good governance, are public non-governmental organizations that take part in the duties of government and by providing services in this area, an effective step in improving social welfare. می‌دارند. The National Olympic Committee has the potential to provide services in the field of sports at home and abroad and is a very important factor in the promotion and expansion in the field of championship sports. 3/1400), the said committee is dependent on the state budget to cover part of its expenses and therefore is considered eligible for legal oversight by the legislature to prevent deviations in the expenditure of the budget. The present article deals with the issue of monitoring the National Olympic Committee using a descriptive-analytical method.

One of the banking bonds of Iran is the "partnership" contract. This contract is of great importance regarding the conflict of interests of the public and the government system, which is dependent on the government and sometimes independent. The purpose of the partnership in the Iranian banking system is to facilitate production, trade and service activities, which according to the definition of civil partnership means to combine the share of cash or non-cash company owned by individuals in a common way, for profit. . The present dissertation deals with one of the important methods of granting Islamic banking facilities, namely civil partnership agreements, and how to implement it in the Islamic banking system of Iran, through a descriptive-analytical method. The research findings indicate that in order to implement a civil partnership contract, its implementation criteria must be carefully considered. Thus, the most important criteria for the financial and moral competencies of the partner are the technical and financial capability of having a plan for obtaining collateral and registering a partnership contract, which must be specified during the execution of the contract, and in the absence of any of these criteria. Obliged to terminate the contract.

The lack of resources, and the large costs incurred by governments, have led to the functioning of such non-governmental public institutions in governing systems. But because of the importance of providing public services in society, and on the other hand, governments seek to strengthen the foundations of government by emphasizing the provision of public services, in addition to increasing satisfaction. However, the existence of two coherent mechanisms can help governments. The first mechanism is the dissemination and coherence of a favorable system of government with the support of current laws, in order for the rule of law to govern the structure and activities of public non-governmental organizations so that it can align them with government objectives. On the other hand, the various supervisions that originate from the laws can, according to the administrative structure of non-governmental public institutions, which is based on its statute, eliminate the grounds for deviation from their intrinsic activities and with good governance. Provide a coherent and purposeful system in public non-governmental organizations. However, it seems that the dependence of non-governmental public institutions on the allocation of funds from the general budget of the country has given them the supervision license under the shadow of good governance. And this in itself may provide a positive effect in order to maintain the activities of these institutions in accordance with the law, but unfortunately, dependence on the government can be affected by some political issues and as an obstacle to the growth and prosperity of these institutions.

 The dynamism of human rights should be considered as an ideal that is in line with the characteristics of human transformation and growth. By striving and moving towards meeting his current and future needs and improving his living conditions in a constant movement forward, he can pursue the promotion and dynamism of these rights, both quantitatively and qualitatively. This study hypothesizes the obstacles to the dynamics of human rights, three categories of which are considered as ideological, political and financial obstacles, which need to be removed in order to pursue the dynamics of human rights is inevitable. In this way, the answer to the question of how each of these factors hinders the dynamics of human rights? its necessary. Therefore, to achieve the result, this article uses a descriptive-analytical method and collects information through the library method to examine these barriers and their impact on preventing the dynamics of these rights.

In the contemporary literature on human rights, there is a generally accepted approach that classifies them into four generations. The fourth generation pays special attention to the axis of sustainable development law and the issue of women's. The study of these developments in the world and the Islamic world is the main objective of this research. These developments are also reflected in the Islamic world, and we are witnessing a valuable alignment between the countries of the Islamic world and the developments in the international community. The Organization of Islamic Cooperation, like the United Nations, has paid special attention to the issue of women's rights.

The research method is based on a descriptive-analytical approach and is based on documented statistical data. First, the process of developments in women's rights in the light of human rights and the right to development is presented at the global level, and then the degree of compliance of these developments in Islamic world is evaluated based on the literature and documents of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.

The research hypothesis states that there is no significant difference between the world and the Islamic world in relation to the Gender Development Index, but the difference in the Gender Inequality Development Index is still noticeable.

The evolution of human rights and women's rights in the world and the Islamic world has had an upward trend in development indicators, but in some development indicators, there is a limited distance between the world and the Islamic world.

Among the Institutions that are the Source of various services to society are Non-Governmental Public Institutions, for this reason, governments, with the aim of having such institutions in the form of good governance, and law-based oversight, with the aim of removing the grounds for deviation from the intrinsic activity mentioned in the statutes of such institutions, by the means of supervision, they provide the means of highlighting and attracting public opinion. However, it seems that the dependence of institutions on the allocation of funds from the national budget has opened the way for government oversight of them and this in itself may provide a positive effect in order to maintain the activities of the above institutions in the direction of the law, but dependence on the government can be affected by some political issues and hinder the growth and prosperity of public non-governmental organizations.

Women are the biggest issue of discrimination in terms of population. And so many conventions have been created to protect women's rights in employment, health and welfare. According to the conventions of the International Labor Organization that are the subject of this study, it should be noted that conventions such as the Convention on Non-Discrimination (C111), the Convention on Maternity Protection (C3,C103,C183) are among the most important conventions that are the subject of our discussion. Failure to ratify these conventions by all member states reduces the effectiveness of even the most advanced international protection schemes. The scope of these schemes is also largely limited by the reservation exercised by the approving governments. The implementation of these conventions and initiatives at the national level also raises serious concerns for countries that do not take serious action after ratification. An integrated approach is needed to work together at both national and international levels to overcome discrimination against women. Regarding the effectiveness of international treaties, it is essential that each country that ratifies the treaty establishes appropriate and relevant enforcement mechanisms at the domestic level. The main question of this article is whether, despite the ratification of advanced and important conventions by the International Labor Organization, it is sufficient to eliminate discrimination against working women? It is hypothesized that despite the International Labor Organization's advanced treaties on discrimination against working women, because the member states do not take serious action to implement them after ratification, the treaties are ineffective and cause serious concern.

Judicial supervision over decisions and rulings issued by judicial authorities is one of the most important guarantees of a fair and just trial, through which it is possible for the higher judicial authorities to reconsider these decisions. This issue is also very important in quasi-judicial authorities. While this issue is one of the most important guarantees for the realization of the principle of the rule of law, it is also an important solution to deal with the violation of public authorities within the limits of their powers and authorities. This type of supervision over the Iranian legal system is exercised through the general courts of justice and, of course, often by the Court of Administrative Justice and achieves the mentioned goals. This issue has been considered in Article 173 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and in paragraph 2 of Article 10 and Note 2 of Article 16 and Article 63 of the Law on the Procedure of the Court of Administrative Justice. In this regard, in view of the various ambiguities and complexities regarding the subject under discussion, the present study addresses the question of the specific jurisdiction of the Court in supervising quasi-judicial authorities. In this regard, the mentioned ambiguities have been examined in light of the rulings of the Administrative Court of Justice in a descriptive-analytical method, and finally it has been concluded that despite the relative unraveling of the rulings of the Administrative Court of Justice, the scope of authority and supervision of the Administrative Justice Court over the opinions and decisions of quasi-judicial authorities remains controversial. The solution requires numerous scientific discussions and strengthening the judicial procedure of the Administrative Justice Court.