لادن فتاح مقدم

The psychological effects of Covid-19 can be devastating and life threatening, even after recovery. One of the complications is the post-traumatic stress disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the symptoms of PTSD and its predictors in patients with Covid-19 patients discharged from the hospital. 

The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional correlational study performed on patients with Covid-19 discharged from Imam Khomeini Hospital affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences in the second half of 2021.270 patients were selected through simple random sampling method based on inclusion criteria. Patients' demographic questionnaires and post-traumatic stress disorder (PCL) were used to collect data.

59.3% of the patients were female and 57.8% married. 46.3% had university education. 35.9% of them were housewives and 94.8% of the patients had insurance. Fever (69.3%), hypoxia (69.3%), cough (68.5%) and shortness of breath (64.4%) were the most common symptoms of Covid-19 disease. The mean of post-traumatic stress disorder was 40.25 ± 5.98 (moderate) and fever, cough, diabetes, death of relatives and tracheostomy were the most important factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder in patients recovering from Covid-19 disease.

The rate of post-traumatic stress disorder in patients recovering from Covid-19 disease was moderate, which requires nurses to follow up on these patients even after discharge from hospital and recovery. Also, in caring for and performing appropriate interventions for these patients, be sure to pay attention to the factors related to the severity of this complication.

One of the characteristics of a good nursing student is to acquire the skills of empathy and responsibility. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of learning empathy skills on the responsibility of nursing students of Maragheh Nursing and Midwifery College in 1400.

This experimental study was conducted on 130 second- to fourth-year undergraduate nursing students of Maragheh Nursing and Midwifery College using a pre-test and post-test design as an intervention and control group. Sampling is simple random and after pre-testing using demographic questionnaire and measuring instrument of accountability of Ghasemi's nursing students (2017), with random allocation method using variable blocks method, 52 students were in the intervention group. And 52 people were in the control group. The empathy skill training package (Gholami-1400) was provided to the intervention group virtually for two months. Finally, the post-test was taken from both intervention and control groups and statistical analysis was done using Spss version 16 software.

. The average score of responsibility before the intervention (191.28 ± 19.97) and after the intervention (205.83 ± 14.88); which indicates the significance of the difference between the average responsibility before and after the intervention (P<0.05).

The data analysis showed that learning empathy skills had a significant effect on increasing the responsibility of nursing students; Therefore, planning to improve responsibility with new educational methods is recommended for educational managers

Fatigue and anxiety have a bad effect on the physical and mental health of mothers and challenge the quality of child care and living conditions. This study was conducted aimed to investigate the effect of laughter therapy on the fatigue and anxiety of mothers of children admitted to the psychiatric department of Tehran Hospitals.

An experimental study with pre-test and post-test design was performed on 70 (Two groups of 35 participants) mothers of children admitted to Ali Asgar and Razi hospitals. The intervention group participated in 8 laughter therapy group sessions with an average duration of 60 minutes. Demographic information questionnaires, Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to collect data. Data analysis were done using SPSS software version 16.

In the pre-test stage, there was no significant difference in the mean of fatigue and anxiety between the two groups (p>0.05). The comparison of fatigue and anxiety of the intervention group showed that a significant differences were observed in the mean of this variables and its dimensions after the intervention (p<0.05), while there was no such significant changes in the control group regarding fatigue and anxiety and their dimensions (p<0.05). By 0.741 and 0.735 changes of fatigue and anxiety variance are explained by the independent variable, respectively.

Laughter therapy is an effective intervention to reduce fatigue and anxiety in mothers of children hospitalized in psychiatric wards. Due to the low cost, lack of complications and the possibility of implementation; it is recommended to implement this intervention in similar conditions and other vulnerable people.

The stressful conditions of working in medical emergency and accident management centers require the study of the components of physical and mental health of employees. This study aimed to determine the status of work-related rumination and job fatigue among the staff of disaster and medical emergency management center of Alborz province.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 188 qualified employees. Demographic information questionnaire, Work-related Rumination Questionnaire (WRRQ) and Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion/ Recovery scale (OFER) were used to data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 by applying Pearson test and multivariate and univariate General Linear Model (GLM).

The mean of work-related rumination was 44.89±4.54 and the highest and lowest mean were related to the dimensions of problem-solving pondering (17.81) and affective rumination (11.68), respectively. The mean of job fatigue was estimated to be 38.44±16.05 and acute fatigue (13.65) and chronic fatigue (11.25) had the highest and lowest means, respectively. The correlation between work-related rumination and job fatigue (r= 0.276, P<0.001) and all its dimensions were direct and significant (P<0.001), also. Demographic and occupational variables explain 74% and 69% of variances of work-related rumination and job fatigue, respectively.

Work-related rumination and job fatigue were moderate and a direct correlation was observed between them. Given the importance of these two variables and the relationship between them, periodic monitoring of these variables and implementation of individual and organizational interventions to improve the situation is recommended.

Objectives:

 Elderly with psychological disorders are at risk of malnutrition. Investigating the nutritional status and identifying the effective factors among the preventive and control measures. This study aims to investigate the nutritional status and its relationship with health status and micronutrients level in older people with psychological disorders.

Methods & Materials:

 In this cross-sectional survey, 101 older people admitted to Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2018 participated. The data were collected after blood sampling and assessing body mass index (BMI) using a demographic form, the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool and a health status questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by the chi-square test, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis in SPSS v. 21.

Results:

 Almost three-quarters of the participants had an abnormal nutritional status. The results showed that the nutritional status of participants had a significant relationship with dental health status, physical activity, the serum levels of vitamin D and vitamin B12, and BMI (P<0.05). After logistic analysis, vitamin B12 level (OR=1.007, 95% CI: 1.002-1.012), physical activity (OR=8.539, 95%CI: 1.142-63.85) and dental health status (OR=23.119, 95%CI:1.401-38.788) were reported as the predictors of nutritional status. It was reported that 95% of the elderly had vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusion:

 Most of the elderly with psychological disorders are at risk of malnutrition or have malnutrition. The identified predictors of malnutrition for this group are modifiable. Therefore, regular screening and nutritional management should be strengthened for their therapeutic interventions.

Hospitalization in the cardiac care unit (CCU) is a stressful event that can adversely affect the patient's recovery process. Another factor that may be affected by stress is hemodynamic indices. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of stress on hemodynamic indices in patients admitted to the CCU.

The present study is a descriptive correlational study in which the research population consisted of patients admitted to the CCU of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 1400. 210 patients were selected by Convenience Sampling and based on inclusion criteria. Patients' demographic questionnaires and DASS-21 were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software.

The mean age of patients was 53.85 ±13.89 years. 65.3% of patients were male, 91.3% were married and 48% had undergraduate education. The mean stress of patients was 22.81 ±9.57 in the moderate range. 14.76% had normal stress, 27.61% had mild stress, 39.04% had moderate stress, 13.80% had severe stress and 4.79% had very severe stress. Correlation between patients' stress with hemodynamic indicators such as systolic blood pressure (P <0.001, r = 0.726), mean arterial pressure (P <0.001, r = 0.435), heart rate (P <0.001, 311) R = 0) and respiratory rate (P = 0.002, r = 0.255) were significant, so that with increasing stress, all these indicators increased.

The stress level of patients admitted to CCU was moderate, but according to the effects on the recovery process and hemodynamic indicators should be managed, it is recommended that nurses working in CCU in their examination to psychological complications and consequently it should pay attention to hemodynamic indicators.

Work-related rumination is the cause of various psychological stresses in nurses and threatens their mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate work- related rumination and related factors in Iranian nurses working in critical care units.

In this cross-sectional study, 182 nurses working in critical care units were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected through work-related demographic information questionnaire and rumination questionnaires (WRRQ) and analyzed using SPSS-v20 software.

Work-related rumination in Iranian nurses working in critical care units was moderate (Mean =42.82). The highest and lowest averages were related to the dimensions of detachment and problem solving pondering, with averages of 15.41 and 13.32, respectively. There was a significant relationship between age, work experience and type of employment with work-related rumination (p <0.05).

Using the results of this study can help health policy makers to improve the effectiveness of designed measures and programs. Designing personal development programs can provide ideal conditions for nurses to grow up and develop and also reduce their exposure to work-related rumination stimuli and their adverse outcomes.

The aim of this study was to identify the effective demographic factors on exam anxiety and perception from the classroom environment of high school female students. The research method was descriptive –correlational. So, 300 high school girl students in Sarab city were selected by multistage cluster sampling and then responded to the demographic, Sarason test anxiety and perception from classroom environments Gentle, Ghabl and Riza questionnaires. The findings showed a significant difference in the test anxiety score in terms of age group, mother's education, education level, sport, family income, and also significant difference in the perceived grade of the classroom environment according to the type of school and the student's average score (p

 Conventional psychiatric treatments have weaknesses in the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and have little effect on skill-training and community-based areas. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of the Community Re-entry Program as a community-based complementary therapy in increasing therapeutic compliance and reduction of relapse and rehospitalization in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

The present study was performed by quantitative method with repeated measures and using randomized clinical trial (RCT) research design. The statistical population of the study included all patients who were admitted to the acute wards of Raazi Psychiatric Hospital between January 20 and March 20, 2017, with a diagnosis of at least one of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A total of 80 patients with inclusion criteria were selected by simple random sampling and randomly assigned to the intervention (40 patients) and control (40 patients) groups using a random number table. The Intervention method was the “Community Re-entry Program” which was performed in 16 group sessions with a frequency of 4 sessions per week, in combination with conventional psychiatric treatment in the experimental group, while the patients in the control group received only conventional psychiatric treatment. The only tool used in the present study was a demographic questionnaire and the variables of therapeutic compliance and reduction of relapse and rehospitalization were also evaluated at intervals of 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge through telephone interviews with patients' families. The use of drugs, relapse of the symptoms, and rehospitalization of patients were evaluated in the mentioned time periods. Collected information and data were analyzed using SPSS-16.

 The results showed that the implementation of community re-entry program in combination with conventional psychiatric treatment had an effect on increasing therapeutic compliance ( = 40/145, P= 0/001) and reduction of relapse ( = 45/54, P= 0/001) and rehospitalization rates ( = 40/75, P= 0/001) in patients.

 The Community Re-entry Program, as an adjunct to conventional psychiatric treatment, is one of the effective interventions to increase therapeutic compliance and reduce the rate of relapse and rehospitalization. In order to compensate for the weakness of conventional psychiatric treatment in increasing therapeutic compliance and reducing the relapse and rehospitalization rate of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, non-pharmacological complementary therapies such as Community Re-entry Programs can be used.

Chronic kidney disease is one of the most common chronic diseases in human that affects 2 to 3% of the world's population today. Two most important psychological components in dialysis patients are resilience and happiness. In this regard, one of the treatment methods is mindfulness training. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mindfulness on happiness and resilience of dialysis patients referred to the Taleghani Hospital of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2021.

This randomized Quasi-Experimental study was performed on 40 hemodialysis patients referred to Taleghani Hospital. After randomly assigning selected samples to eligible individuals, a mindfulness training program was performed for the intervention group in 8 sessions of 60 minutes, but the patients in the control group were under routine care. Data collection tools were Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and analysis of covariance.

The mean score of happiness after the intervention in the intervention group was 78.65 ± 10.2 and in the control group was 68.75 ± 7.05, which is statistically significant (P <0.05) and shows that our education has been effective in increasing happiness. Also, the mean resilience score after the intervention in the intervention group was 76.7 ± 9.33 and in the control group was 62.4 ± 13.88, which is a statistically significant difference (P <0.05) and shows that our training has been effective in increasing resilience.

During the final conclusion, it was found that mindfulness training can be used for dialysis patients and is effective in increasing resilience and happiness of patients.

Conventional psychiatric therapies have shortcomings in the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and have little effect on skills and community-based areas. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of community return program (CRP) as a community-based complementary therapy method in increasing readiness for discharge and post-discharge adjustment in patients with schizophrenia.

The statistical population in this randomized clinical trial (RCT) was all patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who were admitted to Razi Psychiatric Hospital in 2017. Eighty patients were selected by simple random sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The intervention method was CRP along with conventional psychiatric treatment in the experimental group, while patients in the control group received only conventional psychiatric treatment. The measurement tools included a demographic data form, CRP test, CRP daily Schedule, and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. The frequency of patients 'aggression after discharge from the hospital was also determined and recorded at one, three, and six months after discharge from the hospital through telephone interviews with patients' families.

Implementation of CRP along with conventional psychiatric treatment was more effective than control group on the components of discharge readiness (discharge readiness, and awareness of disease, relapse symptoms and medication information) (p=0.01) and coping capacity (increase ability and performance improvement, ability to daily scheduling, aggression rate (p=0.01).

In order to compensate for the weakness of conventional psychiatric treatment in increasing preparedness for discharge and post-discharge coping of patients with schizophrenia, non-pharmacological complementary therapies such as CRP can be used.

Happiness is associated with accuracy and job satisfaction of nurses and affects the quality of care. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on happiness of nurses in pediatric intensive care units.

A quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design was performed on 60 nurses working in Mofid Hospital and Imam Hossein Hospital. The intervention group received 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy. Data were collected using demographic information questionnaire and Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

In the pre-test, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean of happiness (p>0.05). Comparison of the happiness in the intervention group showed that there was a significant difference in the mean of this variable and its dimensions after the intervention (p <0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the control group regarding happiness and its dimensions except the positive mood. By 0.409, 0.397, 0.294 and 0.346 of the variance of happiness and dimensions of life satisfaction, self- esteem, and positive energy, respectively, were explained by the independent variable.

Acceptance and commitment therapy has improved nurseschr('39') happiness. This intervention is an applicable, uncomplicated, and effective approach that can be introduced to hospitals as a professional development program by competent authorities.

Nowadays, obesity and overweight due to unhealthy foods and inappropriate lifestyle in adolescents has a significant effect on the quality of sleep and psychological state in students. This study aimed to investigate the role of body mass index on the mental health of female high school students in Tehran in 2019.

This descriptive study was conducted in 2019. Based on the inclusion criteria, 270 students were selected randomly. Data were collected using a three-part questionnaire including demographic information and psychological health (SCL-25). Data were analyzed by SPSS-24 using descriptive and analytical statistics (ANOVA).

Based on the findings, 60 percent of students had normal weight and 3.3 percent were obese. In addition, most adolescents had mild problems with most of the criteria for assessing psychopathology. The highest percentage of adolescents (46.7) had mild problems and the lowest percentage (6.7) had no problems in the field of phobia. Finally, studies showed that there is a significant relationship between body mass index and phobia disorder in adolescents.

Obesity can affect the mental health of adolescents such as physical complaints, depression, anxiety, and paranoid thoughts. It is necessary to take basic measures and plan to improve the lifestyle and nutritional patterns as well as to improve the mental health of students.

The prevalence of aging and chronic psychiatric disorders is increasing. Older people hospitalized are at risk of malnutrition. In this study, the nutritional status of the elderly living in a psychiatric hospital was investigated, and also related factors were extracted.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. One hundred and one older adults over 60 years old in Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). SPSS software version 21 and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data.

Most of the elderly were in the age range of 60 to 75 years, and 51.5 percent were female. At-risk and malnourished status, the average prevalence was 22.8%, 59.4%, and 17.8%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between education level, dental status, aspiration, balance status, the experience of an acute disease or stress in the last three months, and the level of physical activity with the nutritional status of the elderly (P<0.05).

More than three-quarters of the elderly were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to improve the situation. In this regard, the formulation and implementation of interventions following the associated factors extracted in this study will be helpful.

Organizational citizenship behavior is a performance beyond job duties that can lead to professional behavior and improve the performance of the organization and the quality of services. Considering that the physical health of nurses is one of the requirements for the quality of their performance, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and professional behavior mediated by nurses' physical health.

This cross-sectional study was performed in 2019 among 350 nurses working in Amirkola Children's Hospital, and Yahyanejad, Shahid Beheshti and Ayatollah Rouhani Hospitals affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences. Using a four-section questionnaire, including Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Podsakoff Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale (24 items with a score range of 24-120), Goz Nursing Professional Behavior Scale (27 items with a score range of 27-135) and Physical Health Questionnaire (14 items with a score range of 14-98), the required data were collected and evaluated.

There were 245 female nurses (70%) and 105 male nurses (30%). The age of 59.4% of subjects was in the rage of 30-39 years. The mean value of organizational citizenship behavior was 75.77±17.93 and the mean value of professional behavior was 102.30±18.27. The relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and professional behavior was direct and significant (path coefficient=0.481, p<0.001). The mean value of physical health was 47.17±10.80 and physical health played a mediating role in the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and professional behavior (p<0.05).

The results of the study showed that there was a direct relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and professional behavior and the mediating role of nurses' physical health in this regard was confirmed.

The aim of this study was to predict job stress based on marital satisfaction and mental health in the nursing staff of Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran in 2017. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all nursing staff of Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, of which 135 people were considered as the sample size using the available sampling method. Data collection method was based on three standard questionnaires of job stress (Gary Taft and Anderson, 1981), Enrich Marital Satisfaction (Olson, 2006) and Mental Health (Goldberg, 1972). The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha method, the value of which was higher than 0.7 for all three questionnaires. Content validity was also used to test the validity of the questionnaire, for which the questionnaires were approved by the relevant experts. Data analysis was performed from the implementation of questionnaires through SPSS software in two descriptive and inferential sections (Pearson correlation test and multiple regression). The results showed that there is no significant relationship between mental health and job stress. The results also showed that there was no significant relationship between marital satisfaction and job stress.

Chronic kidney failure causes many limitations for patients. Despite the effectiveness of hemodialysis, this method causes mental problems and frustration in patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mental health and hope status of dialysis patients referred to teaching hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2017.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Nour and Hazrat Ali Asghar, al-Zahra, Amin, and Farabi hospitals. One hundred thirty-five dialysis patients were selected based on inclusion criteria. Demographic, mental health (SCL 90-R), and Snyder Hope Scale (SHS) questionnaires were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-v22 software.

The mean of mental health was 162.35, and the mean of hopefulness was 39.04. Based on the results of one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, the mental health status of patients who undergo dialysis 1 times a week and those who had less history of dialysis were significantly better than others (P < 0.05). Also, the mean hope of single patients was significantly higher than other patients (P < 0.05).

The findings of the study indicate an unacceptable level of mental health and hope among hemodialysis patients. The importance of these components in terms of quality of life and the degree of compliance of patients with the therapeutic orders makes it necessary to design and implement effective interventions in this regard.

Psychiatric wards are one of the stressful centers in medical education and nursing is one of the stressful occupations. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between perceived stress and psychological flexibility of nurses in psychiatric wards of Razi Psychiatric Training Center in Tehran.

In this descriptive-correlational study, the research population included nurses of Razi Psychiatric Training Center in Tehran in 2018. The sample consisted of 140 nurses of Razi psychiatric wards of Tehran who were randomly selected from all wards of the hospital. Demographic questionnaires, “Perceived Stress Scale”, and “Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II “were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS.22.

The mean and standard deviation of nurses' scores in perceived stress component were 22.12 5 5.77 and in psychological flexibility component were 49.65±8.88. The correlation between perceived stress and psychological flexibility was inverse and significant.

The increase in perceived stress is correlated with a decrease in psychological flexibility. Strategies to increase psychological flexibility to reduce perceived stress in nurses are suggested.