جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « قوم کرد » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

In the context of policy-making, the extent to which Iran’s security apparatus addresses both internal and external threats to national security in the southeast region has significant implications for the challenges and future security of the Sistan and Baluchistan province. This study, while analyzing security threats in the southeast region, seeks to answer the primary question: “What are the key factors in strengthening the national security of the I.R. of Iran in the face of security threats in the southeast region of the country.”The hypothesis of this study says that “the fundamental factor in ensuring the security of the southeast region of Iran is relying on smart security, based on three elements of promoting social awareness (through social elites), economic development (through the development of economic infrastructure in the region, Makran coast, and border trade) and creating people-oriented security (relying on the experiences and roles of social elites and leaders of the Baloch people).”

The paper tries to address the following objectives to a reliable point to present the factors for promoting Iran's national security policies in the strategic region of the country’s southeast:a) Reconceptualizing Iran’s strategies for addressing threats and challenges in cyber/virtual space and social action environments;b) Formulating a novel security management policy tailored to the region’s current complex conditions; c) Proposing a model for fostering soft social security between the political system and the country's southeast region; andd) Offering a critical analysis of Iran’s security management policy in the southeast region and envisioning a favorable scenario.

The research findings indicate that building “soft security” and moving away from the “hard” approach is the most effective way to enhance the region’s security. Based on this, it is emphasized that “the fundamental factor in ensuring the security of the southeast region of Iran is relying on smart security, based on three elements of promoting social awareness (through social elites), economic development (through the development of economic infrastructure in the region, Makran coast, and border trade) and creating people-oriented security (relying on the experiences and roles of social elites and leaders of the Baloch people).”However, the ethnic-religious sentiments in the southeast of Iran and the mental frameworks developed among the Baloch about themselves and others have been significant contributors to security instability. Expecting stable security in this region would be unrealistic unless the government alleviates the sense of relative deprivation and the tangible indicators of such deprivation. Therefore, instead of merely addressing the symptoms in security domains, we should seek the root causes. Concentrating on breaking the vicious circle of “ethnic-religious tensions”, “modern ignorance”, and “poverty and economic inequality” could be highly beneficial in this regard.In addition, considering the following recommendations can inspire policymakers to make better decisions in order to improve the security structure of the region:Launching swift initiatives to address economic issues by establishing economic and manufacturing entities across the entire province of Sistan and Baluchistan;Fostering the cooperative sector with the aim of job creation, promoting social equity, and empowering the middle and lower-income segments of the community;Implementing and advancing sustainable development and security strategies, and pursuing a unified approach among all local, provincial, and national authorities;Establishing enduring and long-term (sustainable) economic prospects for the region’s inhabitants, such as advancing the development plan for the Makran coast;Utilizing the potential and diversity of tribes, ethnic groups, and religions, securing the approval of local residents and Sunni religious authorities for the execution of development initiatives in the province, and prioritizing underprivileged areas;Establishing a unique economic zone and a maritime-focused economy, giving adequate consideration to tourism and leisure service sectors, as well as setting up desalination facilities to supply potable water to towns and villages;Strengthening cultural foundations and bridging cultural divides through media, public education, higher institutions, and religious centers; and

With the beginning of the Syrian crisis and the formation and strengthening of the multi-polar space, with the opening of new social gaps during the Arab Spring, political, ideological, economic and social differences appeared at once. Although this dispute was formed against the rule of Bashar al-Assad, it became a fundamental factor for finding a difference between the opposing groups and turned the crisis of this country into a regional and international crisis. The current research is an answer to this important question: What effect and role do social and cultural gaps and differences play in the occurrence and escalation of the Syrian crisis? The hypothesis of the answer to the current question is that: the crisis of national identity, the strong dominance of the culture of ethnocentrism and ethnic sectarianism along with the intensification of takfiri currents in the absence of a common and homogeneous civil culture between ethnic groups and groups caused the Syrian crisis to strongly diverge. intense political and social and civil war moves. The current research is explained in terms of descriptive-analytical method with reference to written sources. As a result the Syrian political crisis has long-term cultural, social and political roots, and the accumulated identity conflict has caused nation-building in Syria to fail over several decades.

Islamism discourse of the Taliban , by reading different from Islam and tradition in the late years, has attempted to impose its semantic system as the regime of truth on political and social actors in Afghanistan and emerging a new world of discourse system . This stream of identity is established by the definition of sharia from the perspective of Islam, but its intellectual nature and political ideology have many ambiguities. The present article attempts to investigate the question of what are the principles and principles of the Taliban’s thinking and how far the policies of this current are influenced by their ethnic beliefs? “With this aim, the foundations of epistemology and the methodology of the Taliban are analyzed in the form of theoretical framework of laclau and mouffe 's discourse analysis . This issue has been explained using descriptive - analytical method by referring to written sources while the supremacy of ethnic actions and religious norms on the religious policies of the Taliban assumed. The statistical data and the results show that the Taliban in the cover of Islamism discourse are seeking ethnic hegemony and Pashtun’s the country.

For many years, the western and northwestern regions of the country, for various reasons, including political, social, and economic conditions, and with the intervention and support of western countries as well as neighbors such as the Kurdistan region of Iraq, have become a place for the efforts and activities of various groups and factions with a tendency There have been various threats that have endangered the security of the Kurdish areas of Iran, one of which is the Pajak terrorist group. This research, in a descriptive-analytical way based on the library method and using a phishing tool in order to collect data, aims to provide a logical answer to the question that government inadequacies and strategic challenges What effect has the government had on the activities of terrorist groups, especially Pejak, regarding the Kurdish identity? The review of the background of the research shows that no complete and comprehensive research has been done in this field so far, and the present research, since it is precisely focused on the effects of the government's policies on the activities of a terrorist group in the western and northwestern regions of the country. It is new and innovative. The findings of the research show that the weakness in the implementation of some citizenship rights policies, the lack of a comprehensive view, the cultural and economic deprivation of parts of the country, sometimes lead to the emergence of crisis and people joining inappropriate groups as a way out of these limitations. , leads to This issue also provides a wide range of advertising for groups such as Pejak in order to gain support from the general public

Historical and empirical evidence suggests that the process of state-building in the Islamic world and in developing countries has not only not gone well; Rather, it has faced a crisis of legitimacy, ethnic and religious violence, inefficiency, an identity crisis, and interference (Introduction). In this article, the etiology of the government crisis in Afghanistan and the strategy of the desired government as the goal of the article is presented as an issue (goal). Identity components have been an important factor in state-building in Afghanistan and have been delayed due to the persistence of identity and social conflicts. On the other hand, the role of external factors has also contributed to this issue. The main question of the article is that; What are the causes of the state-building crisis in Afghanistan? And what is the strategy of a favorable post-Taliban government? (Question) This research, in terms of fundamental-applied purpose, relying on qualitative method and descriptive-analytical type, intends to review and represent the mentioned question with library tools (method). In explaining the obstacles to state-building in Afghanistan,

It is obvious that the political behavior of a nation arises from the political culture of that society, which will determine their destiny, and their current situation is also a sign of the political culture that has been institutionalized in the past generations. This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the place of political culture in the developments of Afghanistan, from the fall of the Taliban to their re-establishment. The data of this research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 35 people of Afghan nationality. Interviews have been extracted and analyzed by the method of ground theory, coding, and then their themes. According to the findings of this research, the platform that was formed in the development of an ethnic political culture at all levels of the Afghan society, along with causes such as the weak and corrupt performance of the government and the intervention of factors resulting from the negative performance of political institutions, caused the strategy of the Afghan nation to respond to these conditions. , to express feelings of hatred and despair towards the government, and to lose hope and despair towards the government. The consequence of this process was that Afghanistan still has a long way to go to democracy due to lack of necessary social base and structural weakness. The result of this incorrect procedure was the preparation of the necessary conditions for the re-rule of the Taliban.

Occasional unrest in the southwestern regions of Iran, especially Khuzestan and Arab-inhabited regions, requires more attention to the issues and developments in this region. In order to predict the country's security situation in the coming years, it is absolutely necessary to pay attention to the ethnic situation, ethnic opportunities and challenges. The purpose of this research is to identify the key variables and drivers influencing the ethnic future of the Islamic Republic of Iran, taking into account the southwest border points of the country. The future study of factors affecting national security has always been the concern of the rulers and strategists of every political system, because national security is the primary condition and of course the most important condition for the preservation, survival, progress and development of any country in all fields. The future is something that governments can design and shape with their targeted actions. In order to act wisely, they must have sufficient knowledge and understanding of the consequences of their actions and those of others. Also, check the reactions of others and forces that are beyond their control. These consequences will only show themselves in the future in the form of opportunities, threats and damage. According to the above-mentioned contents, the terrorist attack in Ahvaz on September 31, 2017, the attack on the police station in 2018, the unrest in 2018, and similar actions cannot be considered unrelated to ethnic divergence in this region. Based on this, in order to predict the country's security situation in the coming years and design appropriate security scenarios, it is absolutely necessary to pay attention to the ethnic situation and identify ethnic opportunities and challenges, and in this research, we try to identify trends, drivers and uncertainties. , draw the possible scenarios regarding the Arab people using future research methods that will be explained below.
This research is practical in terms of its nature and purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of method, and exploratory due to the future-oriented nature of the research. In foresight projects, a set of techniques are used that often complement each other and the outputs of each form the inputs of the next technique. For this purpose, to carry out the research, effective factors in the field of Arab ethnocentrism were identified and the list of factors influencing the future research of Arab ethnocentrism in the form of a matrix questionnaire was provided to 15 experts using the environmental monitoring method and review of specialist studies in this field. The experts of this research include professors and experts of security, political and social sciences specializing in the issues of the Arab people. The variables and key drivers obtained by the cross matrix method and using the MikMak software were classified and again provided to the experts. The opinions of the experts were analyzed using Scenario Wizard software, and finally, possible and compatible scenarios were identified and extracted.
Among the 28 variables examined in this research, 7 key variables were identified. As can be seen in table number 4, there are two variables in the economic driver (massive oil and gas reserves and underdevelopment), in the cultural driver there is no variable, in the social driver there is one variable (the presence of micro dust) and in the political driver there are four variables (supports Saudi Arabia and the UAE were identified as opponents, the 8-year imposed war, the activities of the Wahhabi movement and regional rivalries. The findings of this research showed that seven variables of huge oil and gas reserves, underdevelopment, support of Saudi Arabia and the UAE to the opposition, imposed eight-year war, the activity of the Wahhabi movement, the presence of small dust and regional rivalries as key variables extracted from the software. Mic Mac software creates the future of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the context of the Arab people.
The results show that 6 challenging scenarios with compatibility and high scores are facing the future of the Islamic Republic of Iran, among which 1 very strong and probable scenario and 5 weak scenarios were obtained. The very strong scenario obtained is the scenario of continuation of the existing trend. The decrease in oil production, the economic problems of the country and the darkening of relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia are among the things that can lead the future situation of the Arab people in Khuzestan from creating opportunities to creating threats related to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results obtained from the Scenario Wizard software also show that although the strong scenario obtained is the continuation of the existing trend, but by looking at other scenarios, it can be concluded that other possible scenarios will lead to the continuation of the existing trend towards a relatively critical to critical situation. have found and this issue is an alarm for decision makers in the field of national security. In the meantime, one should not ignore the surprises of the instruments and the uncertainties. Corona disease, as one of the most important current uncertainties, has messed up all the economic and social equations of the countries and has led to the negative growth of the global economy. Iran is not exempted from this issue and the corona disease has had a great impact on its economic situation. Therefore, by taking appropriate decisions, relatively critical and critical scenarios should be prevented.

Israel's foreign policy has gone through significant pattern changes since its inception in 1948. Despite the direct support of the United States and Britain and other Western governments from the beginning until now, Israel's foreign policy has operated based on several behavioral patterns in different periods of time. In the beginning, the security problems and the issue of existential threats for this government caused it to go to war and conflict with the Arab countries of the Middle East region, but over time and affected by the environmental and internal conditions, especially the emergence of new subcultures and elites, its behavioral patterns in foreign policy also changed, and everything is no longer defined around conflict, deterrence and security. Economic development, especially the economy based on advanced technologies, has forced Israel to expand extensive relations with other governments and move toward de-escalation. Although it can be said that the structure of the international system and the great powers have also influenced Israel's foreign policy, what is central and preferable in its foreign policy is the issue of Jewish religion and ethnicity (the nature of the Israeli state) throughout the world, which is one of the Israel's unique features that considered among the actors of the international system. Therefore, in this article, we seek to answer the question: "The changes and developments that have taken place in Israel's foreign policy in different periods have been designed and implemented based on which behavioral patterns?" In response to this question, four important models can be mentioned based on which Israel's foreign policy is designed in relation to other countries, both in the Middle East region and in other parts of the world. These four patterns are: 1. Security-oriented (offensive and defensive), 2. Pragmatism without perspective, 3. Ethnocentrism and special attention to Jews outside Israel (diaspora), 4. Market and technology-oriented economy. In the current era, Israel's foreign relations are developed and implemented in a changing process based on the above models compared to other regional and international actors. This research, using documentary and library sources and descriptive-explanatory method, has been trying to investigate the factors affecting Israel's foreign policy and of course its changing behavioral patterns since its establishment until now.

The movement of “ethnicism” (in the sense of right - seeking and central demand against The “ethnocentrism “of the dominant ethnic group in Iran) in the form of “Turkish nationalism” is an important par t of political Life in Azerbaijan. This article seeks to trace the roots and causes of the events of the politicization of cultural, racial, linguistic and regional differences in Azerbaijan in the contemporary peried; and especially after the Islamic Revolution to look at both the “primordial” and “modern” approaches to ethnicity. Explaining the ethnic-national political currents of Azerbaijan requires more coplex approaches to the issue of nationality and nation in “general” and nationalism in “particular”. The refore, one of the the ories of Michael Hechter’s scientific model (as a desirable model) with a structural explanation (ie, the effect of the uneven development & regional inequalities) for the analysis of ethnicism in Azerbaijan, forms the skeleton and direction of the article. The present article considers ethnic, cultural and identity diversity in Iran as a great blessing. Because the survival, continuity and width of the Iranian body in different scenes depends on its diversity. However, in the last century, the multi faceted tree of existence, the diverse Iranig culture and identity, has been plagued by wounds of “internal” and “external” origin. The results obtained in this article clearly show the direct effect of indicators and variables derived from the theory of the in the occurrence, emergence and continuation of nationalist and ethnocentr developments in Azerbaijan in the last century.

The ethnocentric movement (meaning centralism and right-seeking against the ethnocentrism of the dominant ethnic group in Iran) in the form of Turkish nationalism forms an important part of political life in Azerbaijan. In this article, we try to find out the reasons, causes and roots of politicization of cultural, racial, linguistic and regional differences in present-day Azerbaijan; Especially since the Islamic Revolution - in the "modern approach" to ethnicity and nationalism. the ethnic-national political currents or the analysis of ethnicity in Azerbaijan, one of the theories of Michael Hechter's scientific model is: The effect of arithmetic and rational selection (with non-structural explanation) is used. The results of this article show the direct effect of the indicators and variables derived from the theory of "rational choice" or "principle of balance of benefit" of Hechter's model on the emergence and continuation of "ethnicism" and "nationalism in Azerbaijan" in the last century. The ethnocentric movement (meaning centralism and right-seeking against the ethnocentrism of the dominant ethnic group in Iran) in the form of Turkish nationalism forms an important part of political life in Azerbaijan. In this article, we try to find out the reasons, causes and roots of politicization of cultural, racial, linguistic and regional differences in present-day Azerbaijan; Especially since the Islamic Revolution - in the "modern approach" to ethnicity and nationalism. the ethnic-national political currents or the analysis of ethnicity in Azerbaijan, one of the theories of Michael Hechter's scientific model is,

considering the Iran-PJAK conflict, by focusing on the analysis of Iran's ethnic policies regarding the Kurdish people, it seeks to identify problems in this field and with the aim of proposing to improve these policies in the conflict. In the present study, a qualitative method to gain a better understanding of the ethnic policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the Kurdish people and its impact on the formation and process of PJAK group and research data through the coding process, based on the systematic design of data theory based on Strauss and Carbin (1998) was analyzed. In the present study, semi-structured interviews were usedto explain a model for the ethnic policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its impact on the formation and process of actions of the PJAK group. The results showed that ethnic policy-making in the Islamic Republic of Iran theoretically has three levels: Cognitive level: The cognitive component of attitude is the information that a person has about the subject of attitude. This refers to the information and knowledge that a person acquires about the elements of ethnic identity. Emotional level: This component includes emotions that evoke the subject of attitude in the person. are among the feelings that people can have about their ethnic elements due to their ethnic status and level of readiness for action: often, attitude Have defined a kind of readiness for action; That is, it prepares a person's attitude to take action in dealing with the issue of attitude.

The Feeling of relative deprivation in Iranian tribes and methods to Decrease deprivation An Investigation into the Thought of Contemporary Qashqai PoetsAbstract:This research was conducted with the aim how Reflection of the relative deprivation in the poems of contemporary poets of Qashqai. in this study, Robert Gore's theory is used only as a guide and evidence. It was also revealed that the content analysis of the poems of these poets, which not only has relative deprivation in the Qashqai people, but also the Qashqai poets, has addressed this issue in their poems. n addition, it was found that the poets' perceptions and approaches to the issue of deprivation were not the same, including: Protesting revolutionary struggle with the source of deprivation, or accepting and dealing with the phenomenon of deprivation as a natural affair, or resorting to supernatural powers and divine relief. After discovering and categorizing the categories, ways to reduce deprivation were also suggested.Keywords: Literature,Content Analysis,Contemporary Poets,Qashqai People,Relative Deprivation

Democracy is the ultimate goal of all societies and political systems and the ideal state of management. The institutionalization of democratic values is an important platform for the development of good governance. Development, the attainment of social welfare, civil liberties, the reduction of class divisions, the institutionalization of civil rights and the alleviation of poverty all depend on the prevalence of democratic values. The main purpose of this study is to study the factors affecting the democratic values of citizens. The research method is quantitative meta-analysis (cm2). In order to perform meta-analysis, 26 researches between 2004 and 2004 were reviewed and 15 cases were selected as the final document. The results show that the tendency towards democratic values was higher among men, married people, 18 to 40 years old, upper class (high income level) and Persian people. The magnitude of the meta-analysis suggests that there is a significant relationship between political, psychological, economic and social factors with a tendency towards democratic values, and finally 0.291 explains and predicts its changes. According to the assumption of heterogeneity between studies, the adjustment effect of citizens is equal to 0.345, university students equal to 0.124 and education staff equal to 0.201 on democratic value and the overall effect of these moderating variables (mediating variable between independent and Dependent) is equal to 0.261.

Reza Shah's government was the first to focus on the dispersed sources of power by eliminating the dispersal of local powers. The persistence of ethnic divisions due to scarce resources, relative deprivation, disregard for indigenous capabilities, dispersion and alienation of ethnic groups has left the ethnic group of Lors still deprived. The main question of the research is what is the position of the Lorestan people in terms of development in the new order? Identification of Lorestan province only issues such as dispersion and lack of concentration of Lors in a specific geographical area has led to a weak formation in the use of population capacity and consequently the potential of natural resources or lack of it for the growth of residential areas of this people.

A while after the flood of Noah, the people of Aad established a great civilization in Ahqaf as the survivors of these people. According to Quranic proofs and historical and literary texts, this civilization enchanted all who saw it. The question is, what process did the civilization of Aad go through in the transcendence of civilization? Findings claim that the people of Aad took steps towards civilization using various tools, the knowledge of geography, using nature and the art of architecture. However, a combination of beliefs and behaviors such as moon worship, idolatry, moral decline and materialism set them on the path to extinction according to the divine tradition of punishing sinful nations, and the fiery hurricane left behind mere ruins of their buildings. This study analyzes the Quranic and historical data and assesses the ‘Civilizational Theory of the Quran’ and the civilization of Aad.

Ethnic nationalism has become a tool in the hands of European colonial powers to promote ethnicity, oppose Islam, and undermine the unity of the peoples of the Islamic world. The seventeenth to the nineteenth century had a very significant impact on the political and cultural image of the dominant countries of the world. With the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty, Reza Khan sought to provide a stable political legitimacy for his government by adopting the ideology of nationalism and patriotism. A cursory look at the nationalist historiography of the last century in Iran shows that this kind of view of history and its use not only did not lead to national unity and pride, but also led to intense ethnicism and sometimes separatism among the Iranian ethnic groups. Which did not exist before in Iran. This article tries to discuss how to use history as a tool to establish Reza Shah's nationalist claims.

In heterogeneous cultural-religious systems, recognizing the variables affecting citizens' voting behavior and political participation is vital for good policy-making and management. The issue of research is the analysis of the factors influencing the Turkmen people to vote for the discourse of moderation in the twelfth presidential election. This research was descriptive in terms of orientation, application and type of research and the survey method was used. The statistical population is the citizens of Turkmen ethnic group in Golestan and 344 people were randomly selected as the statistical sample. Reliability and validity of the research instrument were measured using factor load coefficient, combined reliability, Cronbach's alpha, convergent validity and divergent validity. The data were analyzed using Smart-PLS and SPSS software. One-sample t-test and Friedman test were used to test the research hypotheses. Findings show that candidate personality traits, electoral expectations, influence of political-religious trustees, closeness to religious-ethnic ideologies, regional developments in the region and virtual networks had the greatest impact on the Turkmen people's vote for moderation in the twelfth presidential election. The findings of the ranking also show, respectively, election expectations, closeness to religious ideologies, historical factors, global-regional developments, the influence of political-religious trustees, candidate personality traits and virtual networks play the most important role in the tendency of the Turkmen people to the discourse of moderate.

The article aims to consider the effect of mandatory settlement policy of the tribes on the social structure of the lur nation of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad at the age of Pahlavi dynasty. The method of this research was historical, in which the main sources, written and verse book and documents remained from the past periods were used. The results of this study indicated that the tribe settlement policy was ended with making the immigrant people poor and also declining of the animal production. Many of the tribes were only waiting for Reza shah death to restart their immigration. If a tribe had opposed to the government, it would be oppressed by the government savagely and violently. The mandatory settlement policy sustained many dam.

The present article examines the position of the political elites of the Bakhtiari people in the contemporary history of Iran. The main question of this article: What is the special historical position of Bakhtiari political elites and what social and political variables forced them to act according to the situation? Based on this question, the hypothesis that is raised is that in two important periods of contemporary Iranian history (constitutionalism and the first and second Pahlavi), the influential variable of Bakhtiari elite is based on property, while this variable undergoes a major change in 1979. The results of the research show that during the Islamic Revolution, the distinction between the Bakhtiari elites and the masses disappeared and it is precisely the integrated body of the people that sided with the revolution and played a role in its eventual victory. The research method in this article is to collect historical documents in a library manner and then analyze the data.