جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « human security » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Public policy-makers and public sector managers are often faced with high-stakes situations while they must ensure the well-being of their people, but they essentially base their decisions on national security from the perspective of regime’s stability, as well as on their own self-interested considerations. Policymaking to defend against traditional military threats has remained a top policy priority of most (if not) all governments which are giving priorities to huge budget allocation for military spending. While we know a lot about national security consequences of military threats, we know much less about the implications of the current and future non-military threats to human security. The twin purposes of this paper are, a) to identify and examine the factors that influence security policy-making aimed at combating traditional and emerging public security challenges and threats; and b) to examine the merits of different models of governance with an emphasis on security sector governance as an effective means of decision-making and implementing policies to address equitable redistribution of income and wealth, just social security policies, power sharing, and peaceful conflict resolution techniques. Thus, this study is designed to gain insight into the determining factors influencing public security in the changing world from the perspective of people-centric policy-making. Urgent issues of outmost importance for public security include public healthcare, mental health, emergency preparedness for natural disasters, environmental dimensions of human security, the consequences of militarization of law enforcement, cyber-crime prevention, public safety implications of technological advancement. Th emergence of new technologies might be detrimental to public security in two ways: First, the new communication and surveillance technologies might facilitate the actions of the governments that plan to restrict personal liberties and political freedoms of their citizens. Second, criminal and terrorist groups may exploit new technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence) to expand their activities which generate threats to public security.The primary and secondary research questions are as follows: 1. How can the advancement of public security and human security be achieved within the theoretical framework of good security governance and the people-centered approach to sustainable development? 2. Why should the security-development-democracy nexus be considered in people-centered public security policymaking? 3. What lessons can be learned from different governance models to confront security challenges and threats in the unstable global security environment? In the research hypothesis, it is postulated that good security sector governance leads to greater success in the people-centered public security policymaking. In order to reduce the level of military and non-military threats to the security of its citizens, a forward-looking government will adopt good governance model of decision-making. With a qualitative and explanatory approach, the authors seek to answer these questions, test the hypothesis, and outline the findings by means of an in-depth analysis of the arguments and evidence presented by the scholars in the existing political science and governance studies, which could foster lesson-learning from past experience of the success and failure of security policymaking. The results suggest that the potential consequences of the poor quality of governance for people-centered public security are highly dependent on the economic and political attributes of development. On the one hand, socioeconomic vulnerability contributes to mistrust in government leaders, public institutions and their civil servants. On the other hand, most people value transparency, good performance management, and opportunities for public participation in politics and policymaking. Thus, the quality of governance influence people’s views of the legitimacy of political leaders, and might adversely affect their trust in government. Finally, the paper concludes with a summary of key policy recommendations for proactive people-centric policy-making and good security governance for confronting public security challenges.

The recent wave of Islamic awakening, which has covered a large part of the Islamic world since the beginning of the 2010s, caused new models of governance in the Islamic countries. The most rigid model of governance has been presented by the Neosalafi movement, which has resulted in the development of violence in the Islamic countries. This violence has had different effects on different dimensions of security in the Islamic countries in the age of Islamic awakening, which can be analyzed in the form of the concept of human security. In this context, the main question of this research is that what effect did the spread of NeoSalafiism during the Islamic awakening have on human security in Islamic countries? (Issue). The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and library and internet information collection tool (method). The results of the research show that the expansion of the activities of Neosalafi currents in Islamic countries after the Islamic awakening, various aspects of human security in these countries have been weakened in the fields of economy, health, personal security, political security and environmental security. Therefore, the growth of Neoalafiism can be conceptualized as an important element in weakening of Islamic awakening (Findings)

If once the issue of "water war" was mainly considered in the writings of researchers for the future, now that future has become a reality and the world is actually involved in water war in different places. The Middle East and the Mesopotamia in its heart are not doing well in this regard, and we have been witnessing the effects of this drought and its crisis in the occurrence of intra-border and cross-border conflicts for years, and Syria and Iraq are prime examples of this. Perhaps two categories of factors can be considered in this context, the first is the natural factor, although the governments have aggravated it with their wrong plans and policies, and the second is completely done by human intervention, which has disrupted the ecosystem cycle and caused serious environmental problems. Created. One of the wrong policies and programs has been diverting water streams and creating numerous dams without planning and foresight. One of these noisy and harmful policies and programs is Turkey's water super projects, especially the Gap project, which has caused acute environmental problems for the downstream countries, namely Iraq and Syria, and then Iran, with the construction of various dams on the Tigris and Euphrates. The GAP project has many effects and environmental consequences, and this article tries to study this issue in a glance of international law, and while examining the legal dimensions of Turkey's actions, its security and environmental effects for the downstream countries will be determined. Therefore, in order to achieve the goals specified in this article, this central question will be addressed: "What are the security and environmental effects of Turkey's hydroelectricity (with emphasis on the GAP project) for the neighbors of this country (Syria, Iraq and Iran)?"

Over time, political-security studies have moved towards a multi-dimensional view of security. Developments caused by globalization and the September 11th incident have also popularized the understanding of security. Therefore, generally, the investigation of political-security challenges is organized and presented in the framework of these theoretical developments. Developments in the Middle East region in recent years have shown that both the issue of security and the reference of security have moved away from its classical interpretation. Where in the traditional approach to security, the goal and reference of security was considered to be state and the issue of security was military, but developments after the Arab Spring have shown that security is no longer a state base, nor is it merely a military issue. The realist approach during the Cold War and after the Cold War (before September 11) with its attention and emphasis and focus on power and security in states relations has been indifferent to many internal threats and challenges of the states. The main reason for the dominance of this approach was the nature of the international system during the Cold War and the interference of great powers in the Middle East region. This article seeks the question of what effects the Arab Spring had on the security order of the Middle East. In response to this question, it can be said that the Arab Spring showed that the narrow interpretation of security, which includes the stability of the state, cannot guarantee the human security, and the political system may endanger the security of the citizens under the pretext of ensuring the state security.The methodology of this research is based on the post-positivist approach. Descriptive-analytical and historical research methods have been used in this research. Information has also been collected through documentary sources, internet and using news bases, relying on objective-historical data.

Seeking asylum and migration, and their consequent effects and consequences, are among the facts and problems in the contemporary world. In this regard, "humanitarian borders" is a novel concept in the international system that monitors some attempts at alleviating the pain and suffering of migrants on borders, especially those of the European Union. In practice, these attempts have failed to secure the rights of migrants and have been overshadowed by the security interests of the EU. This paper aims to determine to what extent arranging humanitarian borders by the EU has provided migrants and refugees with their basic rights. According to the research hypothesis, humanitarian policies and actions on the EU borders, which should logically mitigate the pain and suffering of migrants and refugees, are overshadowed by political considerations rather than compliance with human right requirements. In fact, these policies and actions have become a part of the tool to justify various acts of violence on the EU borders. Using a normative-descriptive framework, this paper employs a qualitative method based on the literature on humanitarian borders to analyze the abovementioned process. It also aims to indicate that emphasizing the procedures and components of human security rather than those of national security and governmental security can provide a favorable framework for the implementation of humanitarian borders. This security concerns human life and dignity and its ultimate goal is to protect the principal foundations of human life from pervasive threats in addition to providing refugees and migrants with long-term interests.

The issue of good governance and its indicators have influenced the approach of governments on most of the basic issues. The current study seeks to examine the relationship between good governance and human security in Iran. It seems that there is a direct relationship between good governance indicators and human security. In such a way that the poor condition of the index of the right to comment and answer and the rule of law has led to the failure of human security. In order to carry out this research, descriptive-analytical research method and field survey have been used. The results of the research say: the degree of representation of rulers from social classes, the probability of success in suing the government, freedom of speech and political gatherings, political processes in holding elections, the rate of committing Among the issues, organized crimes and holding public gatherings have the most impact.

The question is basically how to conceptualize security policy making based on "people's happiness"? It seems that we can answer this question by critically rethinking the theoretical foundations of security policy according to global conditions, changes in the values ​​and political norms, changes in the nature of national threats and also changes in the nature of the "needs" and "wants" of the people in the era. In this article, which is done based on a descriptive-explanatory method and on a fundamental-theoretical research, the research using critical social-philosophical concepts, critical theory of international relations, critical theory of security, security and happiness plan, a conceptual regulation attempts to determine the requirements of the security determination policy in today's conditions.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of information and communication technology on the United Nations in three areas: nature, structure and function. The main question is: what impact  has information technology had on these three levels in the United Nations?  At the level of nature, there has not been a significant change, but fundamental concepts the goals and principles of this organization, such as sovereignty and security, have been transformed in terms of scope. the structure of the United Nations has reacted to the digital age by holding the World Summit on the Information Society and the creation of some subsidiary bodies in within some of the main organs such as the Human Rights Council. the most effective work has been done in the organization; so that by placing new subject areas such as "rooting out poverty and shared responsibility", Develompent and Human Security on the agenda of the United Nations, it has changed the previous state-oriented approaches and  even in some cases,it has changed the way of decision making. the research method is descriptive- analytic, and for gathering the its required data has used from library resources and reputable Internet sites.

The purpose of this article is to study of distinctions and overlapping areas between "Human Security" and "Human Rights". Both concepts put the preserving and promoting "Human Dignity" on the agenda, And for this reason, they cover many of each other's shortcomings. On the other hand, there are differences areas between "Human Security" and "Human Rights", especially in the level of analysis, operational aspects, and scope of inclusion. In this regard, the question arises: "How can human rights and human security, despite some differences and distinctions, be able to complement and reinforce each other?"Human rights and human security have the ability to overlap and reinforce each other, because they focus on a single issue, namely "human dignity" and the development of various aspects of human life, including individual, social and international. In order to realizing the Human security strategies (protection and empowerment), Human rights provide the necessary legal framework to support the two principles of "Protection" and "Empowerment". And conversely, human security, with its emphasis on the operational aspects of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in particular economic, social and cultural rights, as well as the Securitization of some common human rights concerns, can provide the necessary political support for achieving human rights goals. Findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between human rights and human security. The research method is descriptive-analytical and in some cases a comparative method has been used to prove the hypothesis.

The inability of the international community to face seriously with Widespread and organized human rights violations as well as difficulties in and justifying the legal foundations of humanitarian intervention triggered a doctrine of "Responsibility to Protect" doctrine. In the light of the modification of the "principle of non-interference" and the attempt to redefine the concept of "national sovereignty", the main idea of this doctrine is that as a result of the development of international human rights norms and the idea of "Human Security", sovereignty assumes the primary responsibility of protecting its citizens that in the event of unwillingness or inability to act, the international community is responsible. This article from the perspective of international relations and based on a descriptive-analytical method, answers the question that what challenges does the effectiveness of the doctrine of protectionist responsibility face? the responsibility to protect doctrine? The hypothesis of the present article is that doubts about the meaning and nature of this doctrine, the possibility of using it as a tool to intervene in states, as well as its weaknesses in the implementation phase, are the most important challenges of the doctrine of responsibility to protect. In the light of this critique, this article concludes that the complexities and conceptual conflicts, as well as the practical challenges of implementing this doctrine, have cast doubt on its effectiveness in establishing a new international order and the dynamics of international relations in the face of human rights crises.

Due to cultural, economic, political, and social development of international relationships between the countries around the world, and increased need of human societies for more and more enjoyment of natural resources in developing economic infrastructures, a new threat to the survival of human benefits has emerged which generated a need for a new approach to the promotion of national security concept from having a mere military dimension to have also an environmental dimension. For the same reason, first we need to explain the transition from national security concept to environmental security concept and through the process assess the realization of human security concept. Therefore, while studying human security concept, the present research which was carried out by inductive reasoning and library studies, reviewed the role of assessing environmental consequences of realization of a sustainable human security and, how to approach to climate changes. Also, it was determined that the recognition of precautionary principle in international environmental law could play a significant role in guaranteeing human security.

It has been more than a year since the onset of the corona pandemic. During this time, the spread of Covid-19 disease has severely affected economic, social, and psychological security. Most countries had secured themselves against security threats by acquiring significant military and nuclear capabilities and membership in military and economic blocs and complexes, but now, with the outbreak of the disease, they have failed to save the lives of their citizens and are facing national security problems. Therefore, by recognizing and understanding the changes that have taken place accurately and in a timely manner, they can identify new components of national security, find ways to access them and provide new security, and take the best steps to protect and enhance the interests of their people. The main purpose of this study is to identify the conceptual components of national security in order to provide theoretical assistance to the field of security policy for effective security management in the future.In this study, the documentary method was used to collect data and the model designed by the authors was used as the basis for data analysis. The findings of this study indicate that the proper functioning of governments requires: a review of security and defense policies, a greater focus on managing international crises and disasters, and a review of the role of government in overseeing the provision of basic services.

We live in a world that is technically called the quantum age. Nuclear energy, computers, bar code readers, and laser surgery are just a few interesting examples of the interesting results of twentieth-century physics theory, quantum physics. The work of Planck, Heisenberg, and others, with the introduction of quantum theory in physics and mechanics, formed new foundations for understanding the universe and its phenomena, mainly known as the quantum paradigm. This new paradigm had tremendous effects on all aspects of science, including computers, the Internet, physics, and so on. In the field of humanities, the impact of this new thinking is still expanding. Quantum theory, unlike classical physics, has no place for concepts such as; It does not see uncertainty and self-awareness, it raises uncertainty and self-awareness. On the other hand, after a hundred years of theorizing in the field of international relations, of which diplomacy is a subsidiary, scientists are still surprised by international and global events. This inefficiency seems to stem from the dominance of Newtonian thought in theories of the humanities and international relations. This research is an attempt to define and explain quantum diplomacy with its economic approach and its characteristics using limited library resources. After explaining the concept of quantum diplomacy, by presenting the concept of human security, the impact of this type of diplomacy on Investigate the economic dimension of human security in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The Middle East has undergone widespread and profound changes over the past few years, with the emergence of a new wave of radical extremism that has become the hallmark of ISIS's terrorist group, with particular significance. The emergence and empowerment of this group that dominated a large part of Iraq and Syria led to widespread damage to human security in the regional arena. This category (human security) is the product of the paradigm shift of government-based security to the multidimensional security of the individual and implies the evolution of the nature of the threat from the military threat to various types of economic, environmental, food, health, political, social and individual threats. The central question posed in this article is: What were the consequences of religious extremism between 2014-2018 in the Middle East, especially in Iraq and Syria, on human security? In response to this question, and as a hypothesis, religious extremism in the Middle East after 2014 has had widespread negative effects on human security in the region, especially in Iraq and Syria, with the highest damage to food , health and environmental dimenions.

The concept of human security has gained a prominent place in the contemporary discourse of security and has received noteworthy attention by researchers in recent years. Human security has offered a spacious spectre of answers to the questions raised concerning the issue of human development. Based on the concept of human security, a more comprehensive approach should be taken in order to understand the issue of security and this understanding does not result from concentrating solely on governments as factors such as health, hygiene and education need also be taken into account. As human security has received importance and centralized attention by intellectual circles and figures, this article attempts to analyze the concept of human security from the viewpoint of constructivism. Constructivists generally take a new approach to the concept of human security as they regard it as the outcome of various interests and identities which derive from intercognitive perceptions, meanings, ideas, procedures and norms. Constructivism views the understanding of human security as only possible through the cooperation of all people and constitutions around the world. While discussing the concept of human security, this study takes a new approach to the concept based on the theory of constructivism along with a consideration of other important theories of realism and liberalism.

Climate change is one of the major concerns and worries of the international community today which has threatened not only environmental factors but also human societies. In this essay, we are going to examine the phenomenon of climate change and its effects and consequences on international peace and security. The effects of climate change are not only on environmental issues but also on international peace and security and as a result the human security which reveals the need for an international law to interfere with this phenomenon. This could threaten the international peace and security under article 39 of the United Nations Charter. Accordingly, the Security Council in accordance with Chapter 7, in particular articles 40, 42 and 43, can make decisions binding on States Parties under article 25 of the Charter. As a result, the issue of climate change is considered to be a threat to international peace and security with international and national consequences. The figure of power and politics in the international arena are criticized because of their lack of international responsibility to institutionalize criminal responsibility and environmental degradation on the issue.

Security is one of the most fundamental concern for human societies throughout history. In the Westphalian era, the government was the most important institutions that considered on security. After World War II, globalization era, and Post Westphalian era, the concept of security is pervasive and widespread. The concept of military security - political and civil rights to human security has evolved. These days, new dimension of security is Discussed not the nation-state level, but also at different levels and dimensions. The Observant of human security and promoting safety of citizens against all types of threats is converted to one of the main tasks of the governments. They must prioritize human security in their policymaking and planning. In the twentieth century, along with government Institution, non-governmental Institutions such as multinational companies, , international organizations  and non-governmental organizations, as new actors in the process of formation of political, economic, security and cultural at the local, national and international activities have expanded. So, the aim of this study is investigated the status and role of non-governmental organizations in the development of human security. To achieve this aim, main question is how non-governmental organizations could play their roles in the development of human security? To answer this question, based on analytical and descriptive methods and by using the institutionalism theory, this hypothesis can be put forward that: “Non-governmental organizations by play role of executive, increase of knowledge, facilitation and the rule of law can play key role in the development of human security.”

Human security and sustainable development both are human-oriented concepts and the most important thing that they have in common is that both paradigms are ideas for the protection of man and his rights. So, they overlap in the theme of man and his rights. In addition to transposition of human security and sustainable development project in terms of theoretical discussions and the emergence of them in the international legal system, the question is that how and under what conditions human security and sustainable development interact with each other in the international legal system? The interaction of sustainable development and human security is something that has been considered. This paper attempts to investigate the link between these two paradigms and their mutual effect. It is noteworthy that environmental security, as one of the seven dimensions of human security, plays a key role in achieving sustainable development, and sustainable development without environmental protection is impossible.

From important features each study area is dealing with some concepts and words politics also it was not isolated from this subject so that in the study of this field we are facing with very important concepts. One of the most important concepts in the field of politics the concept of security that until now has come with itself different interpretations. In this article the writer be in the direction explaining the meaning of this concept so that has set your main goal summarize essential components from major nontraditional topics about the concept of security. In this regard checked out spread and the depth of that word and poses this question whether challenged spread and the depth of security means it and it has been dimmed its important in international politics? In this regard by investigation the meaning of this concept in six schools of thought expresses the importance of recognizing this term. The writer by descriptive-analytical method and by examining the meaning of security in the schools of thought like couponhagen, structuralism, critical, feminist post-structuralist and human in the conclusion section obtained and expresses four important attitudes in the field of security.

Realization of Human Security in Light of Good Governance Maedeh Samadi Dr. Seyyed Bagher Mir Abbasi Dr. Mohammad Hasan Habibi Dr. Ehsan Kamrani   Abstract Advocacy of human rights and proposing “human security” issue in the new system of international law as a newfound concept, has led to a change in traditional look towards security in this system. In the present paper, besides taking into consideration the concept of security in realist and liberal Perspectives, the performance of state in regard of enforcement of rules (as the first serious addressee of providing and guaranteeing human rights in international rights system) from national security to focus on human security in the context of good governance was considered as well. The purpose is to understand the effect of good governance on human security realization; in such a way that states would be able to increase coefficient of human security provision and guaranty by changing method of governance in their territory, and reforming governance structure besides taking steps to strengthen individuals in the face of human insecurity is also a coherent approach to provide a cooperative background for civil society .