mohammad ali
-
در این مقاله، عوامل بیولوژیکی موجود در فرآیند تصفیه و همچنین تشکیل ترکیبات جانبی نظیر تری هالومتان ها در آن مورد بررسی قرارگرفته است. با استفاده از تکنولوژی میدان الکتریکی پالسی (PEF) غیرفعال نمودن بار بیولوژیکی از جمله نماتدها، دیاتومه ها، سیانوفیسه ها و کلروفیسه ها در این پساب ها بررسی شد، که هم از نظر اقتصادی در درازمدت مقرون بهصرفه بوده و هم از تولید ترکیبات جانبی جلوگیری به عمل می آید. در این بررسی بیولوژیکی پساب حاصل از شستشوی فیلترهای تصفیهخانه آب شرب بهصورت کیفی با ولتاژهای متفاوت در دامنه 1 تا 13 کیلوولت با بازه 1 کیلوولت با فرکانس ثابت 500 هرتز در زمان های متفاوت (10، 20، 30، 40، 50 و 60 دقیقه) در معرض تماس قرارگرفته و سپس در زیر میکروسکوپ مورد ارزیابی کیفی قرارگرفت. این بررسی کیفی نشان داد محدوده 1 تا 6 کیلوولت هیچگونه تاثیری روی عوامل بیولوژیکی موجود در پساب از جمله نماتدها را نداشته و تاثیر غیرفعال سازی میدان الکتریکی پالسی بر روی عوامل بیولوژیکی در محدوده 6 -13 کیلوولت اتفاق می افتد. این تحقیق نشان داد که در سیستم میدان الکتریکی پالسی، نوع عوامل بیولوژی، مقدار ولتاژ، زمان تماس و درصد غیرفعال سازی عوامل بیولوژی در روتیفرها؛ 13 کیلوولت با زمان تماس60 دقیقه حداکثر 20 درصد، نماتدها؛ 13 کیلوولت با زمان تماس60 دقیقه حداکثر 25 درصد، دیاتومه ها؛ 11 کیلوولت و زمان تماس60 دقیقه حداکثر 75 درصد، کلروفیسه ها؛ 10 کیلوولت و زمان تماس 60 دقیقه حداکثر 90 درصد و سیانوفیسه ها؛ 10 کیلوولت و زمان تماس 60 دقیقه حداکثر 90 درصد در غیرفعال سازی آنها موثر بوده است.
کلید واژگان: حذف آلاینده های بیولوژیکی, میدان الکتریکی پالسی (PEF), کلروفیسه ها, نماتدها, دیاتومه ها, سیانوفیسه ها, پساب تصفیه خانهIn this article, the biological factors present in the purification process, as well as the formation of side compounds such as trihalomethanes, are examined. Chlorine together with organic substances in wastewater creates side compounds such as trihalomethanes. By using pulsed electric field (PEF) technology, the inactivation of biological load such as nematodes, diatoms, cyanophyces and chlorophyces was investigated in these wastewaters, which is economical in the long term and also prevents the production of side compounds. In this biological investigation, the effluent from washing the filters of the drinking water treatment plant qualitatively with different voltages in the range of 1 to 13 kV with an interval of 1 kV with a constant frequency of 500 Hz at different times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min) exposed to contact and then qualitatively evaluated under the microscope. This qualitative study showed that the range of 1 to 6 kV has no effect on the biological agents in the wastewater, including nematodes, and the effect of the deactivation of the pulsed electric field (PEF) on the biological agents occurs in the range of 13-6 kV. This research showed that in the PEF system, the type of biological agents, the amount of voltage, contact time and the percentage of inactivation of biological agents in rotifers; 13 kV with a contact time of 60 min, maximum 20%, nematodes; 13 kV with a contact time of 60 min, maximum 25%, diatoms; 11 kV and contact time of 60 min, maximum 75%, chlorophytes; 10 kV and contact time of 60 min, maximum 90% and cyanophyces; 10 kV and a contact time of 60 minutes were effective in inactivating them up to 90%.
Keywords: Removal Of Biological Pollutants, Pulsed Electric Field (PEF), Chlorophytes, Nematodes, Diatoms, Cyanophytes, Wastewater Treatment Plant -
Examining housing indicators is one of the different means and methods of knowing the characteristics of housing, with the help of which one can know the effective parameters in housing and facilitate any planning and decision-making about housing. The ever-increasing demand for housing has led to more attention being directed towards the quantitative aspects of housing. As a result, quality indicators of housing have received less attention. While the qualitative indicators of housing play a more colorful role than the quantitative dimensions due to responding to the social-cultural needs of the people of the society. In the reasonableness of housing, attention should first be paid to qualitative indicators such as content, meaning and concept, and then to quantitative indicators such as form. The residence or living space should be efficient in terms of quality indicators. The stated qualitative indicators include material and spiritual aspects. The material aspect is defined and formed by creating an environment with appropriate access and facilities, temperature, humidity and light, etc. The spiritual aspect is formed in order to respond to the spiritual needs of the users and is created through the creation of spaces in accordance with the way of life of the people of the society, which is derived from their culture and social customs.This research has been studied with descriptive analytical research method. The results show that the recognition and reference to the basic concepts and principles of sustainable and native house building and the correct application of their principles on the one hand and the use of new knowledge such as the genetic algorithm to facilitate access to the architectural genome of native and sustainable houses on the one hand On the other hand, the main solutions are to get rid of problems and weaknesses in this field.
Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Sustainable Housing, Modernization, architectural genome, Quality indicators -
Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is a promising cryptographic mechanism for providing confidentiality and fine-grained access control in the cloud-based area.However, due to high computational overhead, common ABE schemes are not suitable for resource-constrained devices.Additionally, access policies should be able to be updated efficiently by data owners, and in some circumstances, hidden access policies are necessary to preserve the privacy of clients and data.In this paper, we propose a ciphertext-policy attribute-based access control scheme that, for the first time, simultaneously provides online/offline encryption, hidden access policy, and access policy update.In our scheme, resource-constrained devices are equipped with online/offline encryption reducing the encryption overhead significantly.Furthermore, attributes of access policies are hidden such that the attribute sets satisfying an access policy cannot be guessed by other parties.Moreover, data owners can update their defined access policies while outsourcing a major part of the updating process to the cloud service provider.In particular, we introduce blind access policies that enable the cloud service provider to update the data owners' access policies without receiving a new re-encryption key.Besides, our scheme supports fast decryption such that the decryption algorithm consists of a constant number of bilinear pairing operations.The proposed scheme is proven to be secure in the random oracle model and under the hardness of Decisional Bilinear Diffie–Hellman (DBDH) and Decision Linear (D-Linear) assumptions.Also, performance analysis results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is efficient and practical.Keywords: Access Policy Update, Anonymous Attribute-Based Encryption, Blind Access Policy, cloud computing, Fast Decryption, Online, Offline Encryption
-
Purpose
Guava is believed to be the most important commercial fruit crop in Bangladesh. Guava fruit exhibit very short storage life mainly due to high respiration rate, susceptibility to various pathogens and mechanical damages which can rapidly reduce the quality. However, the experiment was conducted to study the edible coatings effects on postharvest quality and shelf life of guava.
Research MethodCommercially mature guava fruits (Swarupkathi and Thai) were treated with six edible coatings viz., (i) T1 : Control, (ii) T2 : Aloe vera gel (25%), (iii) T3: Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) (1%), (iv) T4: Chitosan(1%), (v) T5: Aloe vera gel (25%) + Chitosan (1%) and (vi) T6: Green tea leaf extract. The two-factor experiment was designed with a Completely Randomized Design and three replications.
FindingsThe results showed that, Thai Piara with Chitosan 1% treatment recorded the minimum weight loss (6.28%), the highest vitamin C content (191.44 mg/100gFW), the lowest pH (5.30), the maximum total soluble solids content (6.77 oBrix) and the highest titratable acidity (2.04%) at 10 days after storage compare to untreated Swarupkathi piara. Thai Piara treated with Aloe vera gel 25 % + Chitosan 1% exhibited the highest shelf life (13.00 days) followed by (12.67) in Chitosan (1%) treatment.
Research Limitations:
The study did not focus on ethylene and respiration rate determination.
Originality/Value:
The study demonstrated that Thai Piara, treated with Chitosan 1% solution showed better performance followed by Aloe vera gel 25% + Chitosan 1% solution for maintaining postharvest quality and shelf life of guava.
Keywords: aloe vera gel, Chitosan, quality, storage -
تامین محرمانگی داده ها و توابع بطور همزمان در محیط های ابری با استفاده از رمزنگاری همریخت
با ظهور پدیده های جدید در حوزه ی مخابرات و فناوری اطلاعات مانند رایانش ابری و شبکه های هوشمند، شاهد چالش های جدیدی در این حوزه ها هستیم. یکی از مهمترین این چالش ها محرمانگی داده های برون سپاری شده است. در واقع، به دلیل توان پردازشی محدود افزاره های هوشمند جدید، مانند تبلت و موبایل، برون سپاری محاسبات در این بسترها بیشتر مورد توجه کاربران قرار گرفته است. علاوه بر محرمانگی داده ها، امنیت الگوریتم های موجود در نرم افزارهای برخط نیز از اهمیت بسیاری برخوردار است. در نتیجه، صاحبان نرم افزار ممکن است نگران فاش شدن الگوریتم های خود پس از برون سپاری در محیط های ابری باشند. سیستم های رمزنگاری همریخت موجود می توانند محرمانگی داده هایی که باید به صورت برخط پردازش شوند را فراهم کنند. بااین حال، محرمانگی همزمان الگوریتم ها در این سیستم ها مورد توجه قرار نگرفته است. برای حل این مسئله، ما یک سیستم رمزنگاری همریخت بنام SHDF را معرفی می کنیم. این سیستم قادر است تمامی الگوریتم های یک نرم افزار و داده هایی که قرار است روی آنها پردازش شوند را به طور همریخت رمز کند و امکان انجام محاسبات لازم را در یک سرور ناامن فراهم کند. به علاوه، نشان می دهیم که سیستم ارائه شده دارای امنیت اثبات پذیر است و نتایج پیاده سازی ما نیز نشان می دهد که قابل استفاده در محیط های ابری با کارایی مناسب می باشد.
کلید واژگان: سیستم رمزنگاری همریخت, رایانش ابری, محرمانگی اطلاعات, امنیت داده و الگوریتمPrivacy-preserving data and function in cloud environments using homomorphic encryptionWith the emergence of new phenomena in the telecommunications and information technology fields, such as cloud computing and smart networks, we are witnessing new challenges in these areas. One of the most significant challenges is the privacy of outsourced data. Due to the limited processing power of new intelligent devices such as tablets and mobile phones, outsourcing computations to these platforms has gained more attention from users. In addition to data privacy, the security of algorithms used in online software is also of great importance. Therefore, software providers may be concerned about the disclosure of their algorithms after outsourcing them to cloud environments. Existing homomorphic encryption systems can provide privacy for data that needs to be processed online. However, the concurrent privacy of algorithms in these systems has not been addressed. To address this, we introduce a simultaneous homomorphic encryption of data and function called SHDF. This system can homomorphically encrypt all algorithms used in the software and the data to be processed on them, enabling necessary computations to be performed on an insecure server. Furthermore, we show that the proposed system is provably secure. Our implementation results indicate that it is usable in cloud environments with the desired efficiency.
Keywords: Homomorphic Encryption, Cryptosystems, Cloud Computing, Data Confidentiality, Data, Software Security -
یمن به دلیل موقعیت ویژه ژیوپلیتیکی و ژیواستراتژیکی که دارد همواره قدرت های منطقه ای و فرامنطقه ای در آن دخالت کرده اند. شکل گیری خیزش های عربی و پس از آن دخالت قدرت های منطقه ای و بین المللی در آن، یمن را بیش ازپیش به بحران کشاند و این کشور را به میدان جنگ داخلی و خارجی تبدیل کرد. در این مقاله در پی پاسخ این پرسش هستیم که چهار بازیگر مهم منطقه ای، یعنی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، عربستان سعودی، امارات متحده عربی و اسراییل، چه منافع ژیوپلیتیکی را در بحران یمن دنبال می کنند؟ یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد که با وجود انگیزه های سیاسی و ایدیولوژیک هرکدام از بازیگران، بیشتر اهداف اساسی آنان در این بحران، متوجه مزیت های ژیوپلیتیکی و ژیواستراتژیکی یمن است. ایران علاوه بر اهداف ایدیولوژیک در کمک به مستضعفین، این بحران را عرصه ای برای گسترش عمق ژیوپلیتیک محور مقاومت می داند و عربستان سعودی نیز که مهم ترین بازیگر منطقه ای دخیل در بحران یمن است، یمن را برای جاه طلبی های منطقه ای و بین المللی و همچنین متوقف شدن مشکلات ژیوپلیتیکی اش ضروری می داند. امارات متحده عربی که سیاست خارجی اش را بر دیپلماسی دریایی و تنگه ای بنا کرده است، ژیوپلیتیک یمن را محور سیاست هایش برای نقش آفرینی موثرتر در منطقه می داند. اسراییل نیز که یکی از واحدهای سیاسی ذی نفع در دریای سرخ محسوب می شود، موقعیت ژیوپلیتیکی یمن را برای امنیت کشتیرانی و افزایش قدرت بازدارندگی اش در برابر جبهه مقاومت مهم می داند.کلید واژگان: اسرائیل, امارات, ایران, بحران یمن, عربستان, منافع ژئوپلیتیکیJournal of Fundamental and Applied Studies of the Islamic World, Volume:5 Issue: 16, 2023, PP 163 -193Due to its special geopolitical and geostrategic position, Yemen has always been the subject of interference by regional and extra-regional powers. Bringing Yemen in a crisis, the formation of the Arab uprisings and then the intervention of regional and international powers turned this country into a domestic and foreign battlefield. This article seeks to answer the question of what geopolitical interests four important regional actors, namely the Islamic Republic of Iran, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and the Zionist regime, pursue in the Yemen crisis. The findings of the research show that despite the political and ideological motivations of all these actors, most of their basic goals in this crisis are aimed at the geopolitical and geostrategic advantages of Yemen.
In addition to its ideological goals of helping the oppressed, Iran views this crisis as an arena for expanding the geopolitical depth of the axis of resistance. And, as the most important regional actor involved in the Yemen crisis, Saudi Arabia sees this country essential to advance its regional and international ambitions, as well as to draw a veil over its geopolitical problems. The United Arab Emirates, which has based its foreign policy on sea and strait diplomacy, considers Yemen's geopolitics as the backbone of its policies in order to play a more effective role in the region, and the Zionist regime, which is known as one of the beneficiary political actors in the Red Sea, considers the geopolitical position of Yemen important for providing shipping security and improving its deterrence power against the resistance front.
With the emergence (occurrence) of the Arab uprisings, Yemen, like previous decades, suffered internal crisis and chaos and; as a result, many regional and extra-regional actors entered this crisis in order to benefit from Yemen's geopolitical gifts.
Due to its unique geopolitical and geostrategic position, Yemen is significant for regional and trans-regional actors; therefore, each of the regional powers, especially the four main influential actors in the Yemen crisis, i.e. Iran, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and the Zionist regime, consider some interests for themselves in this country. Despite the political, economic, ideological and military interests, the biggest factor that has drawn these actors towards Yemen crisis is the geopolitical and geostrategic advantages of this country which include political, economic and other advantages.
In addition to political and ideological interests, the Yemen crisis and the promotion of Ansarullah from a sub-national to a national and even regional power have had geopolitical benefits for Tehran.
having not very peaceful relations with Iran during the era of Ali Abdullah Saleh and Mansour Hadi, yemen, with the outbreak of its crisis and the presence of Ansarullah in this country, was added to the circle of Iranian friends in the region and expanded the strategic depth of Iran to the Red Sea and the strategic strait of Bab al-Mandab.
With such an opportunity, in addition to prompting the geopolitical weight of the axis of resistance and itself, Iran can increase its deterrenc power against its most important regional enemy, the Zionist regime, and its most important regional rival, Saudi Arabia. Iran can also prevent the political, military and economic strategies of the West, especially the United States, to isolate Iran and exclude it from the transit corridors. The result of such developments can be an increase in Iran's national security factor.
The second and probably the most important foreign actor involved in the Yemen crisis is Saudi Arabia. The Yemen crisis, in general, imposed many political, economic, military and geopolitical costs on Saudi Arabia, because with the occurrence of Islamic awakening and the emergence of such actors as Ansarullah, Riyadh's influence in Sana'a was reduced and this country faced many challenges. However, the geopolitical interests of Saudi Arabia, such as reducing the geopolitical risk of Yemen for Riyadh, the connection with the high seas through the control of Yemen's strategic ports, as well as the stability of the Arabian Peninsula in order to continue its ambitious approaches at the regional and international levels, led Riyadh to maximize its presence in the Yemen crisis.
The third regional actor involved in the Yemen crisis is the United Arab Emirates, whose interests in Yemen can be considered completely geopolitical. With its maritime and strait diplomacy, the UAE seeks to dominate the international waterways and ports and strategic islands of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, and by the way, the Yemen crisis made this strategy of the UAE a reality. During the last decade, the UAE has been able to make capital investments in many ports and islands in the south of Yemen and to have a significant military presence there.
Therefore, the interests of the UAE, unlike Saudi Arabia, are the division of Yemen and the support of the Southern Transitional Council in order to guarantee its decisive influence in the south of Yemen and the geostrategic regions of this country and achieve its ambitious goals in order to become the economic and tourism hub of the Middle East.
The fourth influential but shadowy regional actor in the Yemen crisis is the Zionist regime. The regime , which has experienced the loss of access to the Red Sea in the 1973 war (Yom Kippur), knows that the loss of the Red Sea can endanger its foundation.
Therefore, the developments of all the countries of the Red Sea and especially Yemen, which owns the Strait of Bab al-Mandeb in addition to being located in the Red Sea, is important for the Zionist regime.
The Yemen crisis is important for the Zionist regime since it has been able to bring together reactionary Arab countries and the Jewish state and also to advance the balkanization of the Middle East one step further.
But the most important benefit of the Zionist regime from the crisis in Yemen can be seen in the connection of this regime with the Southern Transitional Council and its hidden presence in the south of Yemen and the strategic islands of this country, creating many opportunities for.
However, the emergence of Ansarullah is the most important challenge for the Zionist regime in the Yemen crisis, which can not only neutralize all these political and geopolitical opportunities resulting from the crisis, but also creates numerous threats to the regime in the Red Sea.Keywords: Geopolitical Interests, Regional Actors, Yemen, Crisis -
Remote data auditing (RDA) protocols enable a cloud server to persuade an auditor that it is storing a data file honestly. Unlike digital signature(DS) schemes, in RDA protocols, the auditor can carry out the auditing procedure without having the entire data file. Therefore, RDA protocols seem to be attractive alternatives to DSs as they can effectively reduce bandwidth consumption. However, existing RDA protocols do not provide adequately powerful tools for user authentication. In this paper, we put forward a novel attribute-based remote data auditing and user authentication scheme. In our proposed scheme, without having a data file outsourced to a cloud server, an auditor can check its integrity and the issuer’s authenticity. Indeed, through a challenge-response protocol, the auditor can check whether 1) the cloud server has changed the content of the data file or not; 2) the data owner possesses specific attributes or not. We show that our scheme is secure under the hardness assumption of the bilinear Diffie-Hellman (BDH) problem.Keywords: cloud computing, Data Integrity, Attribute-Based Authentication, Data Auditing, Attribute-Based Cryptography
-
Background and Aims
Regular exercise and physical activity is one way to promote health and prevent physical and mental diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on positive and negative slopes (ETPS and ETNS) (±15°) on the biomechanical properties of the femur in male Wistar rats.
Materials and MethodsThis experimental study was performed on 15 male Wistar rats with an approximate age of eight weeks and a weight range of 20-180 g. For this purpose, the rats were divided into 3 groups, namely the control group (without activity), the ETPS group and the ETNS group. The endurance training (ET) program was performed 5 days a week for 8 weeks.
ResultsSignificant improvement in biomechanical variables (maximum force, strength, deformation and maximum absorbed energy) of the femur was observed in the ETPS group compared with the other two groups. However, the ETNS reduced all biomechanical variables of the femur.
ConclusionThe results indicate that ETPS is effective in improving the bone indices. Given the significant difference between the ETPS and ETNS groups in the biomechanical parameters of the bone, a training program with different intensity and duration levels in other age groups in different slopes is suggested.
Keywords: ndurance Training, Biomechanical testing, Femur bone, Three-point bending, Animal mode -
International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics, Volume:8 Issue: 5, May 2021, PP 320 -342This paper examines the intensity of trade between Bangladesh and China along with analyzing sector level comparative advantage of 16 export sectors of Bangladesh and China in bilateral trade. The Trade Intensity and Balassa Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) indices of the 20 export sectors of Bangladesh and China are examined from 1995 to 2019 to achieve the research objectives. Bangladesh's trade strength with China shows that the country has a lot of space to expand its trade with China. The revealed comparative advantage analysis of 20 exports sector of Bangladesh and China exhibits that among those 20 sectors, Bangladesh reveals high comparative advantage over 5 sectors, moderate over 4 sectors, and comparative disadvantage over 11sectors of its export to China. Moreover, China reveals moderate comparative advantage over 8 sectors and comparative disadvantage over 12 sectors of its export to Bangladesh. Based on the empirical analysis and the literature, recommendations are addressed to improve the export sectors of Bangladesh.Keywords: Trade Intensity, Comparative Advantage, Bilateral trade, Bangladesh, China
-
از اثرات عمده تغییر اقلیم، تاثیر آن بر میزان تولید محصولات کشاورزی می باشد. انگور یکی از محصولات مهم استراتژیک باغی کشور می باشد. در پژوهش ابتدا مقادیر روزانه دما (حداقل و حداکثر) و بارش براساس مدلHadCM3 در دوره پایه و آینده نزدیک (2020-2050) براساس سناریوهای RCP 8.5و RCP4.5 استخراج و با روش عامل تغییر ، ریزمقیاس شدند سپس از داده های روزانه دما (حداقل، حداکثر) بارش، ساعت آفتابی، رطوبت ایستگاه وداده های خروجی ریزمقیاس شده با به کارگرفتن شبکه عصبی پرسپترون در نرم افزار Matlab2018a عملکرد انگور برای آینده شبیه سازی شده است. نتایج مدل اقلیمی افزایش دما و کاهش بارندگی در آینده نسبت به دوره پایه را نشان می دهد. افزایش دمای حداکثر در سناریوهای RCP4.5 وRCP8.5 به ترتیب 7/2 و2/3 درجه سانتی گراد و در دمای حداقل به ترتیب8/1 و 9/2 درجه سانتی گراد برآورد گردیده است. همچنین بارش سالانه در سناریوهای RCP4.5 و RCP8.5.به ترتیب 30 و 49 درصد نسبت به دوره پایه کاهش خواهد یافت. نتایج شبیه سازی عملکرد انگور در آینده تحت هر دو سناریوی RCP4.5 وRCP8.5 نشان داد که حداقل عملکرد به ترتیب 7/2 و04/2 و حداکثر عملکرد 3/2 و 3 تن در هکتار. و بطور میانگین عملکرد 54/0و 86/. تن در هکتار کاهش پیدا خواهد نمود. با توجه به یافته های این تحقیق که نشان از کاهش قابل توجه عملکرد انگو دارد، پیشنهاد می شود از برنامه ریزی های لازم توسط سازمان های مرتبط در خصوص استفاده از گونه های سازگار با کم آبی و یا از محصولات جایگزین استفاده گردد.
کلید واژگان: انگور بی دانه سفید, عملکرد, سناریوهای RCP, HadCM3, شبکه عصبی, گلمکانThe main effects of climate change, its impact on the production of agricultural products. Grapes are one of the most important strategic garden products .In this study, first, the daily values of the temperature were extracted according to the HADCM3 model during the base and future periods based on the RCP8/5 and RCP4/5 radiative induction scenarios for the future climate up to the end of the 21st century, and were then Downscaled measured by the change factor method. Then the daily data of temperature of precipitation, sunshine, maximum and maximum moisture content of the plant, and the results of Downscaled output with the use of the perceptron neural network in the A2019 material. The grape quantity was sim ulated for the future. The results of the climatic model show a rise in temperature and a decrease in future rainfall compared to baseline. The maximum RCP4/5 and RCP8.5 temperatures were increased by 2/7 and 3/2 ° C, respectively, and at least RCP4/5RCP8/5 increased by 1/8 and 2/9 ° C, respectively, and RCP4/5 and RCP8/5 were respectively 30 and 49 percen.The results of the simulation of white grape vine yield in the future relative to the base period with the RCP4/5 and RCP8/5 scenarios will be at least 2/7 and 2/04, respectively, and 2/3 and 3, respectively, and their average yields will be 0/54 and 0/86 tons per hectare.The results indicate that grape production will be affected by climate change in the future, and the output of the product will decrease.Such studies provide the opportunity for agricultural managers and practitioners in the relevant agencies to take appropriate measures, such as the proper location of gardens, to determine appropriate and appropriate future climate patterns to mitigate the potential adverse effects of new methods and practices. Provide adaptation to new and changing climate conditions.
Keywords: White seedless grapes, RCP5 Scenarios, HadCM3, Neural Network, Golmakan -
Guava is one of the most important commercial fruit crop in Bangladesh due to its high nutrient value, good taste and high health benefits. This study was conducted to investigate the flowering, fruiting behavior and nutritional quality of guava genotype suitable for coastal region of Bangladesh. Fifteen genotypes (PG 01 to PG 15) having satisfactory growth were selected for this study. One branch was randomly selected in each direction (North, South, East and West) to collect field data from each plant. Among the genotypes, the highest percentage (87.62%) of fruit setting and the maximum time (115.8 days) required for fruit maturation were recorded from PG 13 and PG 14, respectively. The PG 12 had the highest fruit weight (312.6 g) and the longest fruit (9.34 cm), whereas the highest diameter (26.28 cm) of fruit was recorded in PG 06. The maximum numbers of seeds (411.20) were counted from PG 10 whereas no seed was obtained in the PG 01 and PG 02. Maximum anthocyanin (0.17 mg/100 g FW), lowest pH (3.31), maximum vitamin C content (91.25 mg/ 100g FW), total sugar (6.56 %) and TSS (5.19 ºBrix) were also recorded in the seedless genotype (PG 01). Moreover, the quality characteristics, pulp percentage of seedless genotype (PG 01 and PG 02) was comparatively higher than the other genotypes. The genotypes PG 01 and PG 02 have shown important pomological traits for further study, variety improvement and selection as new variety.Keywords: Genetic variation, nutritional quality, Pomological trait
-
Abstract Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (Apiaceae) is a small perennial, prostrate herb indigenous to India, south-eastern Asia, United States and Africa. It is used to treat anxiety, asthma, blood circulation, cancer, colds, cough, elephantiasis, epilepsy, fevers, gastrointestinal problems, hepatic, skin and urinary tract diseases, hydrocele, hypertension, hysteria, insomnia, rheumatism, scleroderma, strangury, ulcers and wounds. Plants have an enormous potential for the management and treatment of different kind of illness. The active constituents of this plant induce the healing and regeneration of the lost tissue by multiple mechanisms. Plants gives us phytomedicines and these phytomedicines are not only cheap and affordable but are also safe as hyper sensitive reactions are rarely encountered with the use of these agents. The presence of various life-sustaining constituents in plants has urged scientist to examine these plants with a view to determine potential wound healing properties Phytochemical investigation of a methanolic extract of the leaves resulted in the isolation of five new compounds characterized as urs-12-en-3β-ol-28-oic acid-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2′- arachidate (ursolic acid glucosidic arachidate (1), urs-12-en-3β-ol-28-oic acid 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(2′→1′′)-O-β-D- xylopyranoside (ursolic acid 3-O-β-D-dixyloside (3), n-dodecanoyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6′→1′′)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6′′→1′′′)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6′′′→1′′′′)- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (lauroyl tetraglucoside (5), n-octanoyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6a→1b)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6b→1c)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6c→1d)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6d→1e)–O-β-D-gluco- pyranoside (caproyl pentaglucoside (6) and ursan-3β-ol-28-al-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O-α-L-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O-α-L-glucopyranosyl-(2e→1f)-O-α-L-glucopyranoside (ursolic aldehyde 3-O-α-L-hexaglycoside (7) along with two known phytoconstituents identified as n-decanoyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- (6′→1′′)-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (n-capryl diglucoside (2) and glyceryl 1-decanoyl –2- phosphate (4), The structures of these phytoconstituents have been elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical reactions. Keywords: Centella asiatica, Leaves, Triterpenic glycosides, Acyl glucosides, characterization, Structure elucidation.Keywords: Centella asiatica (L.), Leaves, Triterpenic glycosides, Acyl glucosides, isolation, Structure elucidation
-
این اساس هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر هشت هفته تمرینات مقاومتی با شدت های مختلف بر نتایج تست های عملکرد کبد در مردان چاق بود. مطابق معیارهای ورود به پژوهش 32 مرد چاق انتخاب شدند و به طور تصادفی در 4 گروه 8 نفری (کنترل، تمرین با شدت کم:30% یک تکرار بیشینه، تمرین با شدت متوسط:50% یک تکرار بیشینه و تمرین با شدت زیاد:70% یک تکرار بیشینه) قرار گرفتند. سه گروه تمرینات مقاومتی را با شدت های مختلف 3 بار در هفته انجام دادند. نمونه های خونی در پیش آزمون، میان آزمون و پس آزمون ( پس از 12 ساعت ناشتایی) اندازه گیری شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس با اندازه های مکرر تجزیه وتحلیل شدند. در گروه های تمرین درصد چربی بدن، ALT،GGT و AST در مقایسه با گروه کنترل به طرز معنا داری کاهش یافتند (P<.05). اما تغییرات معنا داری در نشانگران غیرآنزیمی (آلبومین و بیلی روبین سرم) مشاهده نشد. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر می توان گفت که تمرینات مقاومتی موجب بهبود نشانگران آنزیمی عملکرد کبد در مردان چاق می شود. همچنین تمرین با شدت سبک و تکرار زیاد می تواند فواید بهتری داشته باشد.کلید واژگان: تمرین مقاومتی, شدت تمرین, عملکرد کبد, مردان چاقNormal liver function is of crucial importance for metabolism and might be affected by exercise training. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of resistance training with various intensities on liver function test results in obese males. According to the inclusion criteria of the study, 32 obese males were selected and randomly assigned to 4 groups (each group 8 subjects): control, resistance training with low intensity (30% 1-RM), resistance training with moderate intensity (50% 1-RM) and resistance training with high intensity (70% 1-RM). Three groups carried out the resistance training with different intensities 3 times a week. Blood samples were measured in the pretest, mid-test and posttest (after 12 hours of overnight fasting). The collected data were analyzed by variance analysis test with repeated measures. Body fat percent, ALT, GGT and AST significantly reduced in experimental groups compared with the control group (PKeywords: exercise intensity, liver function, obese males, resistance training
-
BackgroundIn the present times, arsenic poisoning contamination in the ground water has caused lots of health‑related problems in the village population residing in middle Gangetic plain. In Bihar, about 16 districts have been reported to be affected with arsenic poisoning. For the ground water and health assessment, Simri village of Buxar district was undertaken which is a flood plain region of river Ganga.MethodsIn this study, 322 water samples were collected for arsenic estimation, and their results were analyzed. Furthermore, the correlation between arsenic contamination in ground water with depth and its distance from river Ganga were analyzed. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation and total variation present in a set of data was analyzed through one‑way analysis of variance. The difference among mean values has been analyzed by applying Dunnetts test. The criterion for statistical significance was set at PResultsThis study shows novel findings ever done in this area. Halwa Patti and Doodhi Patti strips were the most affected strips with high‑arsenic concentration in hand pumps. Furthermore, a correlation between the arsenic concentration with the depth of the hand pumps and the distance from the river Ganga was also a significant study.ConclusionsThe present study concludes that in Simri village there is high contamination of arsenic in ground water in all the strips. Such a huge population is at very high risk leading the village on the verge of causing health hazards among them. Therefore, an immediate strategy is required to combat the present problem.Keywords: Arsenic contamination, ground water, river, village
-
هیدرو ژل های تزریقی ازجمله مواد مناسب در مهندسی بافت های نرم هستند. امروزه یکی از اهداف بیولوژی سنتزی، طراحی و تولید زیست مواد هیدروژل شونده است که ضمن داشتن ویژگی های فیزیکی مناسب قادر به خودآرایی درجا در شرایط درون تنی باشند. پپتیدهای دوگانه دوست گروهی از این مواد هستند. شبیه سازی هرچه بهتر ماتریکس خارج سلولی بافت های نرم با هیدرو ژل های حاصل از خودآرایی پپتیدهای دوگانه دوست، مستلزم بهینه سازی های زیستی، شیمیایی و فیزیکی است. در این تحقیق هدف ساخت هیدرو ژل های سه بعدی نانوکامپوزیتیی با خواص زیستی و مکانیکی متفاوت است که طی فرایند هم آرایی و تنها با تغییر نسبت پپتید دوگانه دوست و دو مشتق زیست فعال آن، به وجود آمده باشند. برای بهینه نمودن فرایند هم آرایی و بررسی اثرات احتمالی ناشی از وجود توالی های مختلف زیست فعال بر ویژگی های هم آرایه های نهایی از روش های طیف سنجی همچون FTIR و CD در کنار روش های میکروسکوپی مانند TEM و AFM استفاده شده است. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از آن است که نه تنها مقادیر هر یک از مولکول ها در هم آرایی بلکه درصد آب گریزی و آب دوستی بخش زیست فعال آن ها نیز بر قدرت و جهت گیری پیوندهای هیدروژنی، میانکش های بین فیبری و پایداری نهایی هیدروژل ها موثر است؛ بنابراین می توان بدون تغییر در بخش های اصلی تشکیل دهنده مولکول های دوگانه دوست و تنها با طراحی هم آرایی های مناسب میان این مولکول ها و مشتقاتشان به هیدروژل هایی با خواص متفاوت رسید.کلید واژگان: پپتید دوگانه دوست, خود آرایی, هم آرایی, نانو فیبر, خواص مکانیکیInjectable hydrogels are among the most applicable materials in soft tissue engineering. Synthetic biology is been applied to design and produce new hydrogel biomaterials with suitable mechanical properties and in situ gel formation capability in in vivo conditions. Amphiphiles peptides are one mostly used group of these biomaterials. Biological, chemical and mechanical optimizations are necessary for a good soft tissue ECM simulation based on hydrogels. The aim of this work is to construct a novel three-dimensional nano-composite hydrogels with different mechanical and biological properties. The Spectroscopic and microscopic methods consisting of CD, FTIR, TEM, and AFM are used for optimization of the co-assembly process and to assess the probable effects of bio-epitope segments in final properties of co-assembled hydrogels. Our results show that not only the amount of each peptide but also hydrophobicity and the volume of bio-epitope segments affect the strength and geometry of hydrogen bonds, inter-febrile interactions, and final stability of hydrogels. These data suggest that it is possible to produce different hydrogels without major alterations in the main parts of peptide amphiphiles just by designing right combination of mixed peptide amphiphiles and their bio-derivatives.Keywords: amphiphile peptide, self, assembly, co, assembly, nano, fiber, mechanical properties
-
Background And ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB polymorphism is associated with changes in lipid profile and may be a risk factor for CAD in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CETP TaqIB polymorphism with CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn this case-control study, 292 diabetic patients were divided into two groups based on angiography reports (150 participants with normal angiogram as the control group and 142 participants with more than 50% stenosis of at least one coronary artery as the case group). The CETP TaqIB genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP analysis. Fasting blood glucose was measured using glucose oxidase and lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) by an enzymatic method.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the frequency of genotypes and alleles between the case group and controls (the control group: B1B1, 17.3%; B1B2, 63.3%; and B2B2, 19.3%; the case group: B1B1, 18.3%; B1B2, 64.1%; and B2B2, 17.6%) (P=0.92). In the control group, heterozygous participants (genotype B1B2) had higher levels of cholesterol compared with other genotypes (B1B1 and B2B2). Also, the patients with genotype B1B2 had significantly higher weight (P=0.013).ConclusionThere is no significant correlation between CETP TaqIB polymorphism and the increased risk of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.Keywords: Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein, Polymorphism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Coronary Artery Disease
-
مقدمهخشم به رفتارهایی منجر می شود که خسارت فراوانی به بار می آورد. مدیریت خشم به فرد کمک می کند تا یاد بگیرد چه طور خونسرد باشد و احساس منفی قبل از شروع خشم را مهار کند.هدفهدف این مطالعه تعیین وضع مهارت های کنترل خشم در دانشجویان دانشکده بهداشت دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران است.مواد و روش هااین مطالعه مقطعی از نوع توصیفی – تحلیلی در سال تحصیلی 94-93 روی 166 دانشجو انجام شد. روش نمونه گیری طبقه ای تصادفی بود. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه ی استاندارد مهارت های کنترل خشم PACT بود. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 22 و با آزمون های توصیفی (تعداد، درصد، میانگین، انحراف معیار) و تحلیلی (کای دو، دقیق فیشر و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون) تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.یافته هامیانگین نمره کلی مهارت های کنترل خشم در این دانشجویان متوسط بود. در حالی که مهارت شوخ طبعی در 62% آن ها خوب بود ولی نمره سایر مهارت های کنترل خشم در این دانشجویان متوسط بود. همچنین میان مهارت کنترل خشم با محل سکونت دانشجویان ( P=0/004) و معدل ( P=0/014) آن ها ارتباط معنادار مشاهده شد. بدین صورت که دانشجویان ساکن خوابگاه و دانشجویان با معدل پایین تر، مهارت کنترل خشم بهتری داشتند.بحث و نتیجه گیریوضع مهارت های کنترل خشم در این دانشجویان مطلوب نبود و طراحی مداخلات ارتقایی در این زمینه ضروری است. با توجه به وجود همبستگی میان نمره ی ابعاد مهارت کنترل خشم، ارتقای هر یک از این مهارت ها می تواند بر ارتقای دیگری موثر باشد. برنامه ریزی آموزشی در زمینه هریک از این مهارت ها پیشنهاد می شود.کلید واژگان: دانشجو, کنترل خشم, مهارتBackgroundAnger leads to behaviors that bring great damages. Anger management helps people to learn how to be calm and feel no anger before the start it.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the state of anger control skills in students at School of Health¡ Iran University of Medical Sciences¡ Iran.Materials And MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 166 students in 2015. The sampling method was stratified random sampling. The data gathering tool was a standard questionnaire for anger control skills (PACT). Data were entered in SPSS software version 22 and analyzed using descriptive (frequency¡ percentage¡ mean¡ standard deviation) and analytical (chi-squared¡ exact Fishers and Pearsons correlation coefficient tests) statistics.ResultsMean of age in these students was 27 years¡ 72.3% were single¡ 62.7% were female¡ 84.3% were undergraduate and had master of sciences¡ and 60.2% lived in dormitory. Mean of scores of anger control skills was moderate. While 62% of them had good status in humor skills¡ the status of other anger control skills were moderate. There was a significant relationship between the score of anger control skills and student accommodation (P = 0.004) and mean of course marks (P = 0.014). It means that anger control skills in dormitory students and students with lower average of course marks were better.
Discussion andConclusionAnger control skills were not desirable in the studied population and promotion interventions in this field should be provided. Regarding the correlation between the scores of anger control sub-skills¡ improving each of these skills can be effective on promoting another one. Educational planning in each of these skills is suggested.Keywords: Anger control skills, College students -
سابقه و هدفخون بند ناف منبعی در دسترس از سلول های بنیادی خونساز است که با وجود مزایای زیاد، برخی محدودیت ها هم دارد. حجم کم و تعداد کم سلول های بنیادی خون بند ناف، منجر به پیوندپذیری با تاخیر آن می شود. با در نظر گرفتن این محدودیت ها، بسیاری از محققان به دنبال عواملی هستند که باعث تسریع پیوندپذیری و افزایش تعداد مطلق سلول های بنیادی خون بند ناف شود.مواد و روش هادر مطالعه حاضر، بیش از 200 مقاله منتشر شده در زمینه خون بند ناف مرور گردید. در این مقاله مروری، به بررسی اهمیت استفاده از خون بند ناف، ماهیت سلول های بنیادی موجود در آن و روش های تکثیر آزمایشگاهی سلول های بنیادی خون بند ناف پرداخته شده است.یافته هاسلول های بنیادی خونساز خون بند ناف در مقایسه با مغز استخوان و خون محیطی، ظرفیت تکثیری بالاتر و جمعیت های سلولی نارس تری دارند. مطالعه های مختلف، حضور جمعیت های مختلف سلولی را در کنار سلول های بنیادی خونساز، در خون بند ناف نشان داده اند که امکان استفاده از این منبع را در ایمونوتراپی، مهندسی بافت و طب ترمیمی مقدور می سازد. بنابراین راهبردهایی برای جداسازی و گسترش زیر گروه های مختلف سلولی از خون بند ناف و استفاده از آن ها در درمان بیماری های مختلف مورد توجه قرار گرفته است.نتیجه گیریخون بند ناف منبعی مورد توجه در تحقیقات و روش های درمانی نوین است که در موارد پیوند اورژانسی در بزرگسالانی که اهداکننده مغز استخوان سازگار از نظر HLA ندارند، منبع جایگزین مناسبی است. در کنار در دسترس بودن و ایمن بودن خون بند ناف، مطالعه های بیشتری در زمینه تسریع پیوندپذیری، توسعه دسترسی آن، بهبود کیفیت و بررسی نتایج استفاده از آن در گروه های مختلف بیماران مورد نیاز است.
کلید واژگان: خون بند ناف, سلول های بنیادی, پیوند سلول های بنیادی خون بند نافBackground And ObjectivesUmbilical cord blood (UCB) is an accessible source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Along with the advantages, UCB also has limitations: the low volume and the absolute number of HSCs available in UCB leading to the delayed engraftment. Given the limitations, many investigators have sought to accelerate engraftment and increase the absolute number of stem cells in UCB units.Materials And MethodsIn the present study more than 200 published articles about UCB were reviewed. This review article is aimed to focus on the importance of using cord blood, the nature of stem cells in cord blood, and the ex vivo expansion techniques of UCB HSC.ResultsUCB HSCs possess higher proliferative potentials and contain a higher proportion of primitive compartment as compared to bone marrow and peripheral blood. Several studies have reported the presence of different cell populations besides HSCs in cord blood that enable the use of these sources in immunotherapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Thus, the strategies to isolate and expand selected subpopulations from UCB and the use of these cells in treatment of various diseases are the areas of active research.ConclusionsUmbilical cord blood is an attractive source in both research and modern clinical applications providinh a potentially useful alternative for patients who do not have an HLA-matched bone marrow donor. Besides the safety and feasibility of UCB, the other areas including the acceleration of the engraftment, the extension of access, the quality assurance, and the outcomes in the specific subgroups of patients are also required to be investigated.Keywords: Umbilical Cord Blood, Stem Cells, Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation -
ObjectiveThe main objective of the current study was to observe the ameliorative effect of Withania somnifera on arsenic-induced testicular toxicity by exploring the crucial parameters such as sperm counts, sperm motility, hormonal assay and lipid peroxidation including histopathology.Materials And MethodsIn the present study, arsenic in the form of sodium arsenite was administered orally to male Charles Foster rats for 45 days. Thereafter, ethanolic root extract of Withania somnifera was administered for 30 days to observe its ameliorative effect on male reproductive system.ResultsThe study revealed that after administration of sodium arsenite, there was a decrease in the sperm counts and sperm motility accompanied by an increased incidence of sperm abnormalities and hormonal imbalance leading to infertility. However, after administration of Withania somnifera, there was significant reversal in the parameters denoting that it not only possesses antioxidant and rejuvenating property but also maintains the cellular integrity of testicular cells leading to normal functioning of it.ConclusionThe study concludes that Withania somnifera possesses phytoremedial effect. It is one of the best antidotes against arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity.Keywords: Sodium arsenite, W.somnifera, Rats, testicular toxicity, Sperm Count, Testosterone
-
بارش و مقیاس های زمانی مختلف آن از پارامترهای مهم در پژوهش های منابع آب به شمار می روند. دارا بودن مقیاس های زمانی مختلف با ماهیت فرکتالی قابل بیان است. یکی از ابزارهای استاندارد در بررسی فرکتالی فرآیندهای هیدرولوژیکی استفاده از تحلیل طیف توانی یا اسپکترومی است. در این روش، طیف توانی با انتقال مشاهدات از فضای زمان به فضای بسامد محاسبه شده و در صورتی که تمام یا بخشی از طیف، از توابع توانی پیروی کنند، داده ها در بازه موردنظر دارای خصوصیات فرکتالی خواهند بود. در این پژوهش طیف توانی حاکم بر بارش های ماهانه 33 ایستگاه باران سنجی در ایران بررسی و رژیم های مقیاس گذاری به همراه مقادیر توان طیفی برای هر ایستگاه مشخص گردید. نتایج نشان داد که 81 درصد ایستگاه ها در دوره تناوب کمتر از یک سال دارای خاصیت مقیاس پذیری و ماهیت فرکتالی قوی هستند. همچنین علاوه بر رژیم مقیاس گذاری اول، 17 ایستگاه دارای رژیم مقیاس گذاری دوم و 3 ایستگاه دارای رژیم مقیاس گذاری سوم هستند. هیچ یک از ایستگاه ها در رژیم مقیاس گذاری دوم خود دارای ماهیت فرکتالی نبوده و فقط یک ایستگاه در رژیم مقیاس گذاری سوم خود ماهیت فرکتالی نشان داد.
کلید واژگان: فرکتال, ایران, مقیاس زمانی, _ طیف توانی, بارش ماهانهPrecipitation with multiple time scales is considered as one of the most important parameters in water resources studies. Precipitation with different time scales can be expressed with fractal nature. One of the standard tools in the fractal investigation of hydrological processes is the power spectrum method. In this method, the power spectrum is calculated with transmitted observation from time space to frequency space. When all or a part of the spectral follow the power functions, the data in this power range will have fractal properties. In this study, the power spectrum of monthly precipitation of the 33 rain gauge stations in Iran was analyzed and scaling regimes with spectral exponent value are shown for each station. The results indicate that 81 percent of the stations have fractal nature and scaling properties in a period less than one year. In addition to the first scaling regime, 17 stations have second scaling regime and 3 stations have the third scaling regime. None of the stations in its second scaling regime have fractal nature and only one station in the third scaling regime has fractal nature.Precipitation with multiple time scales is considered as one of the most important parameters in water resources studies. Precipitation with different time scales can be expressed with fractal nature. One of the standard tools in the fractal investigation of hydrological processes is the power spectrum method. In this method, the power spectrum is calculated with transmitted observation from time space to frequency space. When all or a part of the spectral follow the power functions, the data in this power range will have fractal properties. In this study, the power spectrum of monthly precipitation of the 33 rain gauge stations in Iran was analyzed and scaling regimes with spectral exponent value are shown for each station. The results indicate that 81 percent of the stations have fractal nature and scaling properties in a period less than one year. In addition to the first scaling regime, 17 stations have second scaling regime and 3 stations have the third scaling regime. None of the stations in its second scaling regime have fractal nature and only one station in the third scaling regime has fractal nature.Precipitation with multiple time scales is considered as one of the most important parameters in water resources studies. Precipitation with different time scales can be expressed with fractal nature. One of the standard tools in the fractal investigation of hydrological processes is the power spectrum method. In this method, the power spectrum is calculated with transmitted observation from time space to frequency space. When all or a part of the spectral follow the power functions, the data in this power range will have fractal properties. In this study, the power spectrum of monthly precipitation of the 33 rain gauge stations in Iran was analyzed and scaling regimes with spectral exponent value are shown for each station. The results indicate that 81 percent of the stations have fractal nature and scaling properties in a period less than one year. In addition to the first scaling regime, 17 stations have second scaling regime and 3 stations have the third scaling regime. None of the stations in its second scaling regime have fractal nature and only one station in the third scaling regime has fractal nature.Precipitation with multiple time scales is considered as one of the most important parameters in water resources studies. Precipitation with different time scales can be expressed with fractal nature. One of the standard tools in the fractal investigation of hydrological processes is the power spectrum method. In this method, the power spectrum is calculated with transmitted observation from time space to frequency space. When all or a part of the spectral follow the power functions, the data in this power range will have fractal properties. In this study, the power spectrum of monthly precipitation of the 33 rain gauge stations in Iran was analyzed and scaling regimes with spectral exponent value are shown for each station. The results indicate that 81 percent of the stations have fractal nature and scaling properties in a period less than one year. In addition to the first scaling regime, 17 stations have second scaling regime and 3 stations have the third scaling regime. None of the stations in its second scaling regime have fractal nature and only one station in the third scaling regime has fractal nature.Keywords: Iran, Time scale., Monthly Precipitation, Fractal, Power Spectrum -
توسعه شهر ها و شدت یافتن آلودگی دو عامل مهم تغییر اقلیم است و این تغییر کاربری اراضی و بدتر شدن وضعیت زیست محیطی باعث تغییرات مکانی و زمانی بارش، دما، تبخیر و تعرق می شود. این مسئله پیچیدگی متغیرهای هیدرولوژیک را بیشتر و پیش بینی آن ها را سخت تر می کند. نظریه آشوب ابزاری است که بر مبنای رفتار آشوبناک و پیچیده بنا نهاده شده است و می تواند برای داده های بارش با ضریب تغییرات بالا مناسب باشد. در این پژوهش بارش ماهانه بندر انزلی در شرایط تاریخی و شرایط تغییر اقلیم با این نظریه بررسی شده است. بدین منظور دوره آماری 1993-2010 به عنوان دوره تاریخی و نتایج مدل LARS-WG تحت سه سناریوی (A1B)، (B1) و (A2) در دوره زمانی (2020-2035) به عنوان دوره های آینده مد نظر قرار گرفت. نتایج بیانگر افزایش سیلاب و خشکسالی همراه با 14 درصد کاهش بارش در دوره آینده است و داده های تولیدی و تاریخی دارای رفتار آشوبناک قطعی بوده و سناریوی A2 با بعد فراکتالی 13 /4 بیشترین پیچیدگی را در مقایسه با سایر سری داده ها دارد.
کلید واژگان: تغییر اقلیم, مدل LARS, WG, بندرانزلی, نظریه آشوب, _ بارشDevelopment of cities and the intensification of pollution are two important factors for climate change; on the other hand, changes in land usage and worsening environmental condition lead to the spatial and temporal variation in precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration etc., which make the hydrological variables more complex, and the prediction of them is more difficult. Chaos theory is a tool that proposed based on the chaotic and complex behavior and it can be appropriate for rainfall data with a higher variation coefficient. In this study, monthly rainfall of the Bandar Anzali in the historical and climate change condition has been considered by applying chaos theory. For this purpose, the period of 1993-2010 was chosen as historical period and the results of LARS-WG model under three scenarios (A1B), (B1), and (A2), in the period of 2020-2035 were considered as a future period. According to the results, flood and drought will increase with a 14 percent reduction in rainfall in the future period. Moreover, the historical and generated data series showed deterministic chaotic behavior and the A2 scenario with the fractal dimension of 4.13 showed the most complexity in comparison with others.Development of cities and the intensification of pollution are two important factors for climate change; on the other hand, changes in land usage and worsening environmental condition lead to the spatial and temporal variation in precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration etc., which make the hydrological variables more complex, and the prediction of them is more difficult. Chaos theory is a tool that proposed based on the chaotic and complex behavior and it can be appropriate for rainfall data with a higher variation coefficient. In this study, monthly rainfall of the Bandar Anzali in the historical and climate change condition has been considered by applying chaos theory. For this purpose, the period of 1993-2010 was chosen as historical period and the results of LARS-WG model under three scenarios (A1B), (B1), and (A2), in the period of 2020-2035 were considered as a future period. According to the results, flood and drought will increase with a 14 percent reduction in rainfall in the future period. Moreover, the historical and generated data series showed deterministic chaotic behavior and the A2 scenario with the fractal dimension of 4.13 showed the most complexity in comparison with others.Development of cities and the intensification of pollution are two important factors for climate change; on the other hand, changes in land usage and worsening environmental condition lead to the spatial and temporal variation in precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration etc., which make the hydrological variables more complex, and the prediction of them is more difficult. Chaos theory is a tool that proposed based on the chaotic and complex behavior and it can be appropriate for rainfall data with a higher variation coefficient. In this study, monthly rainfall of the Bandar Anzali in the historical and climate change condition has been considered by applying chaos theory. For this purpose, the period of 1993-2010 was chosen as historical period and the results of LARS-WG model under three scenarios (A1B), (B1), and (A2), in the period of 2020-2035 were considered as a future period. According to the results, flood and drought will increase with a 14 percent reduction in rainfall in the future period. Moreover, the historical and generated data series showed deterministic chaotic behavior and the A2 scenario with the fractal dimension of 4.13 showed the most complexity in comparison with others.Development of cities and the intensification of pollution are two important factors for climate change; on the other hand, changes in land usage and worsening environmental condition lead to the spatial and temporal variation in precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration etc., which make the hydrological variables more complex, and the prediction of them is more difficult. Chaos theory is a tool that proposed based on the chaotic and complex behavior and it can be appropriate for rainfall data with a higher variation coefficient. In this study, monthly rainfall of the Bandar Anzali in the historical and climate change condition has been considered by applying chaos theory. For this purpose, the period of 1993-2010 was chosen as historical period and the results of LARS-WG model under three scenarios (A1B), (B1), and (A2), in the period of 2020-2035 were considered as a future period. According to the results, flood and drought will increase with a 14 percent reduction in rainfall in the future period. Moreover, the historical and generated data series showed deterministic chaotic behavior and the A2 scenario with the fractal dimension of 4.13 showed the most complexity in comparison with others.
Keywords: LARS, WG model, Climate change, Chaos theory, Bandar Anzali, Rainfall. -
برآورد دقیق خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پدیده های طبیعی، مستلزم صرف زمان و هزینه زیادی می باشد. بنابراین، روش های درون یابی به عنوان راه حل مناسبی در تخمین محل های بدون اطلاعات و نمونه برداری نشده مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند. از آنجا که نقشه های مشتق شده از مدل ارتفاع رقومی زیاد است و این نقشه در تحلیل های مختلف کاربرد دارند و ممکن است با وزن های متفاوت در نتایج یک کار تحلیلی، نقش داشته باشند. اگر منبع اصلی که همان نقشه مدل ارتفاع رقومی است، ایرادی داشته باشد؛ اشکال در کل پروژه زیاد خواهد شد. انتخاب مناسب ترین روش ساخت مدل ارتفاع رقومی که با دقت بالاتری بتواند مدل واقعی تری را از شرایط طبیعی زمین ارائه نماید، موضوع اصلی این تحقیق است. هدف از این تحقیق، مقایسه برخی روش های تهیه مدل ارتفاع رقومی شامل؛TIN، TOPOGRID و نیز مدل ارتفاع رقومی استخراج شده از تصاویر ماهواره ای سه بعدی است. روش های مذکور بر روی داده های حوضه آبخیز نوفرست در 40 کیلومتری شرق شهر بیرجند انجام شده و نتایج آن با همدیگر و نیز با داده های برداشت شده از سیستم های تعیین موقعیت جهانی دو فرکانسه مورد ارزیابی دقت، قرار گرفته است. نتایج حاصل از مقایسه مقادیر حداقل و حداکثر اختلافات و نیز مقایسه مقادیر RMSE بین مدل های ارتفاعی رقومی و داده های سیستم موقعیت جهانی دو فرکانسه 4DGPS در 10 محدوده مطالعاتی نشان می دهد که روش TIN با پنج بار کسب مقادیر، حداکثر اختلاف و کسب نکردن هیچ مقدار حداقلی، بیشترین خطا و مدل رقومی SRTM با سه بار کسب مقادیر حداقلی اختلاف و کسب نکردن هیچ مقدار حداکثری از دقت بالاتری برخوردار می باشد. در این مقایسه روش TOPOGRID و TOPOGRID IN5 و مدل رقومی استخراج شده از تصاویر ASTER در رتبه های بعدی قرار دارند.
کلید واژگان: مدل ارتفاع رقومی, سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی, تصاویر ماهواره ای, خراسان جنوبیThe exact estimation of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the natural phenomena requires a great deal of time and expense. Therefore، the interpolation procedures are used as a suitable solution in the estimation of the places which are uninformed to other researchers، and haven''t been sampled yet. The reason for the choice of the mentioned procedures is that there are many maps derived from the Digital Elevation Model، and these maps have application in different analyses، and also they may have influence on the result of an analytic research، using different scales. If the main source which is Digital Elevation Model malfunctions، the whole project will have more errors. The main subject of this research is the choice of the most suitable procedure for the formation of the Digital Elevation Model which can present more real-life model from the natural condition of the earth، with high precision. The research purpose is the comparison of some of the procedures for the preparing of the Digital Elevation Model، including TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network)، TOPOGRID، and also Digital Elevation Model derived from 3-dimensional satellite images. The mentioned procedures were performed on the data of theNoferest watershed in 40 kilometers of the east of Birjand city and their results have been compared precisely with each other and also with the data derived from the 2-frequency global location finder systems (DGPS). The results obtained from the comparison of the amounts of minimum and maximum differences and also the comparison of the RMSE amounts between the Digital Elevation Model and the DGPS data in 10 research zones، show that TIN procedure which has obtained the maximum amount of difference، 5 times with no minimum amount، has more errors، and the Digital Elevation Model of SRTM which has obtained the minimum amount of difference، 3 times with no maximum amount، has higher precision. In this procedure، the TOPOGRID and TOPOGRID INFORCE and also the Digital Model derived from the ASTER images، are placed in the subsequent ranks.Keywords: Digital Elevation Model, geographical information system, satellite images, South Khorasan -
اقتصاددانان کینزی جدید نامتقارنی در زمینه سیاست پولی را به سه گروه تقسیم بندی می کنند: نامتقارنی در ارتباط با جهت اثرگذاری سیاست پولی (مثبت و منفی)، نامتقارنی مربوط به اندازه اثرگذاری سیاست پولی (بزرگ و کوچک) و نامتقارنی نسبت به موقعیت زمانی دوره های رکود و رونقی که سیاست پولی در آن ها اجرا می شود. پژوهش حاضر با تکیه بر گروه سوم نامتقارنی ها به بررسی اثرات نامتقارن شکاف پولی بر تورم در رژیم های تورمی بالا و پایین با بکارگیری یک فرآیند تغییر رژیم مارکوف و الگوی برای تبیین رفتار تورم ایران طی دوره زمانی 1369 تا 1390 با تناوب فصلی می پردازد. همچنین در این پژوهش به دلیل نقش مهم تعریف حجم پول در اندازه گیری حجم پول و شکاف پولی، از کل های پولی جمع ساده و دیویژیا استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد که اثرات شکاف پولی در رژیم های تورمی مختلف، یکسان نبوده و نامتقارن ارزیابی شده و این اثرات در رژیم های تورم بالا ضعیف تر از رژیم های تورم پایین مشاهده گردید، که در واقع مطابق انتظار نبود. دلایل این امر را می توان در وقفه های اثر گذاری سیاست های پولی، بی ثباتی تقاضای پول و مهم تر از آن کاهش سرعت در گردش پول به دلیل رکود حاکم بر اقتصاد ایران و افزایش فعالیت های سوداگرانه عنوان نمود. بنابراین پیشنهاد می شود بانک مرکزی سیاست های متناسب با این رژیم ها اتخاذ نماید. همچنین نتایج نشان می دهد که کل های پولی دیویژیا نسبت به جمع ساده در بیان نامتقارنی ها بهتر عمل کرده و به نظر می رسد که کل های پولی دیویژیا برای بررسی نقش پول در سیاست های اقتصاد کلان شاخص مناسب تری است.
کلید واژگان: اثرات نامتقارن, کل های پولی دیویژیا, تورم, ایران, روش چرخشی مارکوفKeynesian economists has focused on three types of asymmetric effects of monetary policy: (a) asymmetry related to the direction of the monetary policy action (positive and negative), (b) asymmetry related to the size of the monetary policy action (large and small); and (c) asymmetry related to the phase of business cycle in place at the time at which this policy was adopted. This study based on third group, examines the asymmetric effects of monetary gap on inflation in high and low inflation employing a Markov switching regime and P-star model to explain the behavior of inflation in Iran during 1990Q2- 2011Q3. Also, due to the role of money in measuring money stock and monetary gap, simple sum and Divisia monetary aggregates have been used. The results show that the effects of monetary gaps in inflation regimes are not same and investigated asymmetric. Also, these effects in high inflation regimes are weaker than low inflation regimes that it is opposite with conventional view. This matter could be have the reasons as the interruptions of the monetary policy effects, the instability of money demand and more importantly, reduction in velocity of money due to the stagnation in Iran's economy and increase in speculative activities. It is suggested that the Central Bank design the appropriate policies with these regimes. Also, results show that Divisia compared simple sum monetary aggregates is more efficiently. Thus, it seems that Divisia monetary aggregates is a better proxy for examination of the role of money in macroeconomic policies.Keywords: Asymmetric Effects, Divisia Monetary Aggregates, Inflation, Iran, Markov Switching Method -
هدف این مقاله تحلیل، ارزیابی و آسیب شناسی شاخص رقابتمندی جهانی است. برای این منظور، ابتدا نحوه شکل گیری مجمع جهانی اقتصاد که از سال 1979 به طور منظم این شاخص را محاسبه و منتشر مینماید، تبیین می گردد. سپس مبانی فکری- نظری شاخص رقابتمندی که بر بهره وری استوار است، بررسی می شود. این شاخص عوامل مورد نیاز توسعه را برای الگوی سه مرحله ای توسعه پورتر در 12 مولفه معرفی می کند. سه مرحله توسعه عبارت از مرحله مبتنی بر عوامل تولید، مرحله مبتنی بر کارایی و مرحله مبتنی بر نوآوری است. این شاخص از بعد روش شناسی و فروض قابل تامل است که در این مقاله به آنها پرداخته خواهد شد. همچنین، برای محاسبه این شاخص آمار و اطلاعات متنوعی استفاده شده که اعتبار برخی از آمارها مورد تردید است. با این وجود، به نتایج این شاخص در سطوح بین المللی و ملی به طور مکرر استناد می شود. آخرین نتایج گزارش (2013-2012)، شاخص رقابتمندی جهانی موید این است که ایران در مرحله انتقال از مرحله مبتنی بر عوامل تولید به مرحله مبتنی بر کارایی است و از میان 144 کشور توانسته است رتبه 66 را کسب نماید. ایران در اکثر زیرشاخص ها بجز محیط اقتصادکلان در مقایسه با دوره قبل تغییرات چندانی نداشته است. رتبه محیط اقتصادکلان این شاخص در گزارش (2013-2012) معادل 57 بوده در حالی که در دوره قبل این رتبه 27 بوده است. نتایج مقایسه تطبیقی با کشورهای منتخب موید این است که در آخرین رتبه بندی کشورهای قطر، عربستان، کره جنوبی، مالزی، ایتالیا و ایران از میان 144 کشور به ترتیب در رتبه های 11، 18، 19، 25، 42 و 66 قرار دارند.
کلید واژگان: رقابتمندی, بهره وری, روش شناسی, مراحل توسعه, مطالعه تطبیقیThe aim of this paper is to analyze and assess the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). In order to achieve this objective، first of all some theoretical and empirical problems of GCI are presented. Then tries to examine hypothesis and explain methodology and statistics and findings of the study. World Economic Forum (WEF) has annually published GCI report since 1979. This index covers many factors enabling national economies to achieve sustainable economic growth and long term prosperity. These factors include both microeconomic and macroeconomic foundations of national competitiveness which affect the level of productivity of a country. The GCI includes a weighted average of many different components، each measuring a different aspect of competitiveness. These components are grouped into 12 pillars of economic competitiveness. A well known economic theory proposed by Porter (1990) is employed to indentify the stages of development in the countries included in the sample. The first stage is factor-driven where countries compete based on their factor endowment. Countries will move into the second stage called efficiency-driven when they begin to develop more efficient production process and increase their product quality. Finally، as countries will move into innovation-driven stage، businesses are able to compete with new and unique products. The GCI 2012-2013 report shows that Iran is ranked 66 among 144 economies. This results show that Iran has dropped 4 places this year.Keywords: Competitiveness, Productivity, Methodology, Stages of Development, Contrastive Analysis -
بسیاری از روایات منابع دست اول شیعه و برخی روایات اهل سنت، به سن ظاهری حضرت مهدی عجل الله تعالی فرجه الشریف هنگام ظهور، اشاره کرده و حضرت را در 30، 32، 40 و کم تر از 40 سال دانسته؛ یا در مورد آن حضرت، تعابیر متفاوتی همچون غلام (کودک)، شاب (جوان)، شاب حدث (جوان در ابتدای جوانی)، شاب موفق (جوان کامل)، فتی (مرد کامل) وارد شده است.
هرچند به ظاهر، این روایات دارای تعابیر متفاوتی است که دستاویز بهائیت، خصوصا ابوالفضل گلپایگانی در کتاب «فرائد» قرار گرفته است؛ با دقت در مدلول این روایات و تحلیل و بررسی آن ها و آن تعابیر در لغت و استعمال این تعابیر در زبان عربی، به ضمیمه روایات طول عمر حضرت عجل الله تعالی فرجه الشریف؛ عدم تعارض و اتحاد مضمون همه روایات روشن و تبیین می شود که همه روایات حاکی از این است که طول عمر آن حضرت عجل الله تعالی فرجه الشریف، بر ظاهر ایشان تاثیری نداشته و ایشان در سن جوانی ظهور خواهند کرد.
کلید واژگان: ظهور, حداثت, سن حضرت مهدی, روایات, طول عمرMany of first-hand accounts of Shi’a sources, and some of the Sunni traditions have mentioned the apparent of age of Imam Mahdi (A.S) at the time of Appearance and said he would be 30, 32, 40 and less than 40, or about him, different interpretations such as Servant (Child), Shaab (Youth), Shaab Hadith (Youth in his early juvenility), ShaabMovafagh (Successful and Perfect Youth), Fatta (the Perfect Man) have been used. Although apparently, these traditions have different interpretations which have been used as subterfuge by Baha’i, especially byAbolfazlGulpaygani in the book “Faraa’ed”; with a careful attention in the signification of traditions and their analysis and examinations and the interpretation of words and their usage in Arabic, in addition to the traditions about the Imam’s lifetime, the lack of conflict and the unity in all traditions’ theme becomes clear and clarified and all the traditions indicate that Imam’s lifetime has no impact on his appearance and he will appear in his youth.Keywords: appearance, youth, the age of Imam Mahdi (A.S), traditions, lifetime
- در این صفحه نام مورد نظر در اسامی نویسندگان مقالات جستجو میشود. ممکن است نتایج شامل مطالب نویسندگان هم نام و حتی در رشتههای مختلف باشد.
- همه مقالات ترجمه فارسی یا انگلیسی ندارند پس ممکن است مقالاتی باشند که نام نویسنده مورد نظر شما به صورت معادل فارسی یا انگلیسی آن درج شده باشد. در صفحه جستجوی پیشرفته میتوانید همزمان نام فارسی و انگلیسی نویسنده را درج نمایید.
- در صورتی که میخواهید جستجو را با شرایط متفاوت تکرار کنید به صفحه جستجوی پیشرفته مطالب نشریات مراجعه کنید.